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Penerapan Private Enforcement Dalam Penegakan Hukum Persaiangan Usaha Di Indonesia, Amerika Serikat Dan Uni Eropa Muhammad Alim Kurniawan; Siti Anisah
Jurnal Penegakan Hukum Indonesia Vol. 2 No. 2 (2021): Edisi Juni 2021
Publisher : Scholar Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51749/jphi.v2i2.36

Abstract

The study, entitled "the Application of Private Enforcement in Competition Law Enforcement in Indonesia, United State of America and European Union" raises two problem formulations, namely: how is the provision and application of private enforcement of competition law in the United States of America and European Union, and how is the provision and application of private enforcement of competition law in Indonesia? This research is a normative or doctrinal legal research, which describes, explains and analyzes legal materials that refer to the laws and regulations in Indonesia, the United States of America and European Union. Analysis of legal materials uses a qualitative descriptive approach, which is carried out by collecting legal materials, qualifying them, connecting theories related to research problems, drawing conclusions to determine the results and recommendations. The results of this study indicate that the occurrence of business competition law vacuum in Indonesia is related to the implementation of private enforcement of competition law. Thus, the authors explain the conditions and application of private enforcement of business competition law in effect in the United States of America and the European Union as well as alternatives that can be used in terms of implementing private enforcement of competition law in Indonesia based on legal principles in force in Indonesia.
Kewenangan PCA Dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa IUP (Studi Kasus Antara IMFA LTD Dan Pemerintah Indonesia) Harya Damar Panuluh; siti anisah
Jurnal Penegakan Hukum Indonesia Vol. 5 No. 2 (2024): Edisi Juni 2024
Publisher : Scholar Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51749/jphi.v5i2.128

Abstract

Penelitian ini menganalisis kewenangan Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) dalam menyelesaikan sengketa Izin Usaha Pertambangan (IUP) di Indonesia; dan ketepatan gugatan atas objek sengketa IUP oleh Indian Metals & Ferro Alloys Ltd (IMFA) terhadap Pemerintah Indonesia kepada PCA. Penelitian normatif atau doktrinal ini menggunakan bahan hukum primer berupa peraturan perundang-undangan dan putusan arbitrase, yang dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ratione materiae dari PCA salah satunya adalah sengketa perdagangan bebas dan perlindungan investasi. Dengan demikian, tumpang tindih IUP dapat diselesaikan di PCA, karena yurisdiksinya termasuk dalam sengketa perlindungan investasi. Selain itu harus ada perjanjian yang menunjuk PCA sebagai forum penyelesaian sengketa. Dalam riset ini adalah BIT Indonesia-India, yang salah satu kesepakatannya menunjuk PCA sebagai forum penyelesaian sengketa antara investor dari home country dengan host country. Untuk itu, gugatan yang dilakukan oleh IMFA tepat. Dalam proses arbitrase, Majelis Arbitrase menolak seluruh tuntutan yang diajukan oleh IMFA, karena IMFA gagal membuktikan pelanggaran yang telah dituntut. Selain itu dengan tidak diselesaikannya tumpang tindih IUP di Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara, maka penyelesaian sengketa di PCA adalah tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia.
Subcontractor Standing and the Requirement of Creditor Plurality in Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU) Proceedings: A Case Study of Decision No. 27/Pdt.Sus-PKPU/2024/PN.Niaga.Sby Mohammad Ikhsan; Siti Anisah
Ilomata International Journal of Management Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026): July 2026
Publisher : Yayasan Sinergi Kawula Muda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61194/ijjm.v7i3.2387

Abstract

This study examines the legal standing of subcontractors in Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU) proceedings under Article 222 of Law No. 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations. Subcontractors often face legal vulnerability because they lack a direct contractual relationship with project owners despite fulfilling their contractual obligations. The central legal issue concerns whether subcontractors satisfy the creditor qualification required under Article 222 and thereby obtain legal protection in PKPU proceedings. This research employs normative legal methods using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, focusing on Decision No. 27/Pdt.Sus-PKPU/2024/PN.Niaga.Sby. The analysis applies the doctrine of derdenbeding to assess the creation of enforceable rights for third parties within contractual arrangements, while John Rawls’s theory of justice evaluates whether judicial reasoning adequately protects economically vulnerable parties in construction disputes. The findings reveal that subcontractors may acquire creditor status when contractual structures and supplementary agreements expressly grant direct rights against project owners, thereby fulfilling the legal requirements for claim recognition in PKPU proceedings. The analyzed decision demonstrates that judicial recognition of creditor status depends not only on unpaid obligations but also on the existence of a legally enforceable relationship capable of generating a valid claim. This study contributes to insolvency and construction law scholarship by clarifying the doctrinal test for subcontractor standing in PKPU cases and demonstrating how derdenbeding clauses operationalize principles of fairness through judicial reasoning. Accordingly, PKPU functions as both a debt restructuring mechanism and a framework for balancing the interests of project owners, contractors, and subcontractors.