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Pengembangan dan Pengujian Inokulum Untuk Pengomposan Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Suharwaji Sentana; Suyanto; M.A. Subroto; Suprapedi; Sudiyana
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 4, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) yang jumlahnya mencapai 23% dari tandan buah segar, mengandung unsur hara makro dan mikro yang penting bagi pertumbuhan tanaman. Pada saat ini limbah tersebut belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan dan menguji inokulum yang dapat digunakan untuk pembuatan kompos dari limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Inokulum merupakan campuran bakteri dan jamur yang diisolasi dari limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Isolat kemudian ditumbuhkan pada media pertumbuhan tertentu dan difermentasikan. Pengujian inokulum dilakukan pada skala laboratorium dengan cara sebagai berikut: dua kilogram tandan kosong kelapa sawit yang telah dicacah sepanjang  2 cm dimasukkan ke dalam wadah, kemudian diinokulasi dengan inokulum pada dosis 500 dan 1000 ml/ton. Percobaan diulang hingga tiga kali. Selama percobaan kelembaban relatif dijaga tetap 60% dan suhu diamati hingga proses pengomposan selesai. Kompos yang dihasilkan dianalisis kadar air, karbon, nitrogen, fosfor, kalium, dan magnesium. Pada penelitian ini telah berhasil dikembangkan inokulum yang terdiri atas campuran bakteri dan jamur dinamakan ”Indigenous Microbial Consortium” dan dapat dipergunakan untuk membuat kompos dengan kualitas yang memenuhi standar. Kata kunci: kompos, limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit, inokulum, konsorsium mikroba. Empty palm oil bunch waste is about 23% of the fresh bunches which is rich with important macro and micro nutrients for plant growth. However, those have not been optimally utilized. The objective of this experiment was to develop and to evaluate the inoculums which could be used to make compost from empty palm oil bunch wastes. The inoculums consisted of fungies and bacteria isolated from the empty palm oil bunches. The isolates were then grown and fermented on to a particular media. The inoculums were then evaluated at laboratory scale according to the following methods. About 2 kg of 2 cm long crushed empty palm oil bunches were put in particular places and were then inoculated by the inoculums at a dosage of 500 and 1000 ml/ton of wastes. The experiment was done at triplicates and the relative humidity during the experiment was kept constant at 60%, and temperature was recorded until the end of the experiment. Water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphor, potassium, and magnesium contents of the composts were analysed. The inoculums that consisted of fungies and bacteria were successfully developed and it was called “Indigenous Microbial Consortium”. The inoculums could be used to make good quality of composts. Keywords: compost, empty palm oil bunches, inoculums, microbial consortium.

Pengembangan dan Pengujian Inokulum Untuk Pengomposan Limbah Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Suharwaji Sentana; Suyanto; M.A. Subroto; Suprapedi; Sudiyana
Jurnal Rekayasa Proses Vol 4, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Departemen Teknik Kimia Fakultas Teknik Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jrekpros.1888

Limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) yang jumlahnya mencapai 23% dari tandan buah segar, mengandung unsur hara makro dan mikro yang penting bagi pertumbuhan tanaman. Pada saat ini limbah tersebut belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan dan menguji inokulum yang dapat digunakan untuk pembuatan kompos dari limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Inokulum merupakan campuran bakteri dan jamur yang diisolasi dari limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit. Isolat kemudian ditumbuhkan pada media pertumbuhan tertentu dan difermentasikan. Pengujian inokulum dilakukan pada skala laboratorium dengan cara sebagai berikut: dua kilogram tandan kosong kelapa sawit yang telah dicacah sepanjang  2 cm dimasukkan ke dalam wadah, kemudian diinokulasi dengan inokulum pada dosis 500 dan 1000 ml/ton. Percobaan diulang hingga tiga kali. Selama percobaan kelembaban relatif dijaga tetap 60% dan suhu diamati hingga proses pengomposan selesai. Kompos yang dihasilkan dianalisis kadar air, karbon, nitrogen, fosfor, kalium, dan magnesium. Pada penelitian ini telah berhasil dikembangkan inokulum yang terdiri atas campuran bakteri dan jamur dinamakan ”Indigenous Microbial Consortium” dan dapat dipergunakan untuk membuat kompos dengan kualitas yang memenuhi standar. Kata kunci: kompos, limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit, inokulum, konsorsium mikroba. Empty palm oil bunch waste is about 23% of the fresh bunches which is rich with important macro and micro nutrients for plant growth. However, those have not been optimally utilized. The objective of this experiment was to develop and to evaluate the inoculums which could be used to make compost from empty palm oil bunch wastes. The inoculums consisted of fungies and bacteria isolated from the empty palm oil bunches. The isolates were then grown and fermented on to a particular media. The inoculums were then evaluated at laboratory scale according to the following methods. About 2 kg of 2 cm long crushed empty palm oil bunches were put in particular places and were then inoculated by the inoculums at a dosage of 500 and 1000 ml/ton of wastes. The experiment was done at triplicates and the relative humidity during the experiment was kept constant at 60%, and temperature was recorded until the end of the experiment. Water, carbon, nitrogen, phosphor, potassium, and magnesium contents of the composts were analysed. The inoculums that consisted of fungies and bacteria were successfully developed and it was called “Indigenous Microbial Consortium”. The inoculums could be used to make good quality of composts. Keywords: compost, empty palm oil bunches, inoculums, microbial consortium.

Reflection Of Adolescent Debt In The Perspective Of The Child Criminal Justice System (In The Era Of Internet) Hartanto, Hartanto; Sudiyana; Nany Noor Kurniyati
Widya Pranata Hukum : Jurnal Kajian dan Penelitian Hukum Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Widya Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37631/widyapranata.v5i2.936

Kenakalan remaja (anak) merupakan masalah sosial sekaligus masalah hukum yang sering kita jumpai di masyarakat dan cukup meresahkan seiring perkembangan jaman di era internet, bahkan telah menybar dari kota-kota besar hingga ke desa-desa. Masalah ini merupakan masalah yang perlu diatasi agar dapat memberikan dampak positif bagi remaja. Karena remaja merupakan aset masa depan suatu bangsa maka diperlukan penanganan yang serius untuk mencegah terjadinya kenakalan remaja. Kenakalan remaja adalah perilaku remaja yang tidak sesuai dengan norma-norma yang berlaku di masyarakat. Dalam pandangan hukum kenakalan remaja dapat dianggap kejahatan jika dilakukan oleh orang dewasa, namun dalam hal ini pelakunya adalah remaja (anak) maka hal tersbut dianggap sebatas kenakalan. Kenakalan remaja mencakup semua perilaku yang menyimpang dari norma yang dilakukan oleh remaja. Ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kenakalan remaja, yaitu faktor internal dan eksternal. Akibat dari kenakalan remaja akan berdampak pada remaja itu sendiri, keluarganya dan masyarakat. Dalam mengatasi kenakalan remaja diperlukan pembinaan dari orang tua dan peran lingkungan terdekat. Daris sisi hukum sistem peradilan anak telah memadai dalam konteks terobosan adanya diversi. Kata kunci: Kenakalan Remaja, Kriminologi, Remaja, Anak, internet

Prinsip Sistemik Lembaga Perdamaian PKPU Untuk Mencapai Nilai Keadilan Suci, Ivida Dewi Amrih; Shubhan, M. Hadi; Poesoko, Herowati; R. Murjiyanto; Zahir, Mohd Zamre Mohd; Sudiyana
Media Iuris Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): MEDIA IURIS
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mi.v7i2.55386

Systemic principles serve as the basic basis for thought and action processes, representing interconnected elements that contribute to the formation of a comprehensive whole. Bankruptcy law is a special and special law, regulated in Articles 222 to 294 of the Bankruptcy Law and PPU, PKPU is a legal peace institution whose operational elements include deciding judges, administrators, supervisory judges, debtors, creditors, and additional elements in the PKPU institution that are guarantors if provided. Systemically, these elements are interrelated both within their own elements and with theoretical elements, namely the Ideal elements (about meaning) and the actual elements. According to Article 287 of the Bankruptcy Law and PKPU Jo Article 282 of the Bankruptcy Law and PKPU, PKPU has a final and binding decision, but it is limited, and its decision is only related to the minutes of the meeting. The verdict still has legal consequences if violated. The author's motivation is to analyze systemic principles in the legal framework of PKPU peace institutions with the aim of upholding the principle of justice. The analysis methodology used is the legal system theory developed by Kees Schuit, focusing on the Ideal, Operational, and Actual elements. In addition, it incorporates three basic principles outlined by Gustav Radbruch – Certainty, Benefit, and Justice. The results of this study contribute prescriptive value to the field of law, especially in bankruptcy law.

Analysis of Judges' Considerations in Religious Court Decision Number 1332/PDT.G/2020/PA.BTL Concerning Default in Business Contracts Sudiyana; Andani, Devi; Faizati , Fatma
Journal of Private and Commercial Law Vol. 9 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Private and Commercial Law
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jpcl.v9i1.23894

This research aims to analyze and find out the legal considerations of the panel of judges in the decision of case Number 1332/Pdt.G/2020/PA.Btl) for the parties of the istishna' sale and purchase agreement which does not stipulate a delivery time limit. This research is normative legal research, which emphasizes the study of statutory norms, principles and principles of positive law, positive legal theory and basically legislative, conceptual and case approaches. In case decision Number 1332/Pdt.G/2020/PA.Btl., the panel of judges considered that the preliminary sale and purchase agreement was declared valid and binding on both parties because it had fulfilled the legal requirements of the agreement. As a legal consequence, the agreement remains valid and binding on both parties. Both parties still have the obligation to complete their achievements in good faith.

The Principle of Utility in Revoking a Bankruptcy Adjudications in Bakruptcy Law Ivida Dewi Amrih Suci; R. Murjiyanto; Mohd Zamre Mohd Zahir; Sudiyana
Journal of Private and Commercial Law Vol. 8 No. 1 (2024): Journal of Private and Commercial Law
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jpcl.v8i1.4131

Abstract Bankruptcy law regulates the unity of assets due to bankruptcy adjudications, as stipulated in Article 64 paragraph (1) of the Bankruptcy Law, which establishes that "The bankruptcy of a husband or wife who is married under a unity of assets shall be treated as the bankruptcy of that unity of assets." However, bankruptcy law does not yet address the unity of assets that remain undivided due to divorce, and the case where a husband or wife who has divorced is declared bankrupt. The bankruptcy orders against these distinct legal subjects have been filed in separate commercial courts, indicating that they are indeed separate legal subjects. The question arises whether the undivided unity of assets can undergo a consolidation of bankrupt assets for both parties in separate cases. Drawing from Article 2 paragraph (1) of the Bankruptcy Law, which stipulates that "A debtor who has two or more creditors that remain unpaid and one of them has fallen due may be declared bankrupt," we inquire whether this principle can be applied. Likewise, based on the principle of integrity and the absence of provisions regarding undivided shared assets, this study adopts a generic legal approach. This research employs a normative methodology with the analytical framework of Kees Schuit's legal system theory and the goal theory of law, founded on the three general principles of Gustav Radbruch: certainty, utility, and justice. In conclusion, this research possesses prescriptive value in the realm of legal scholarship, particularly within the scope of bankruptcy law. KEYWORDS: Principle of Justice, Undivided Shared Assets, Bankruptcy Adjudications

Optimizing The Empowerment Of Mediation Institutions In Banking Dispute Resolution In Indonesia Sudiyana; Devi Andani
Journal of Private and Commercial Law Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): Journal of Private and Commercial Law
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jpcl.v8i2.23699

The development of the banking business in the digitalization era is increasingly complex, which has the potential to cause disputes with a variety of legal issues. This writing aims to examine and analyze how to empower mediation institutions in resolving business disputes in Indonesia. This writing method is included In the provisions of laws and regulations both in the Civil Code, the Law on Banking, Law Number 30 of 1999 concerning Alternative Dispute Resolution and Arbitration, including technical regulations at the Judicial level such as Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2016 regarding Mediation, it has been regulated regarding the Mediation settlement mechanism. There are various factors that affect mediation institutions that cannot be carried out optimally, namely, banking mediation regulations are inadequate, lack of public understanding (customers), weak banking mediation institutions, weak implementation of mediation. It is necessary to make a social-comprehensive legal breakthrough so that mediation institutions can be empowered more optimally in resolving banking disputes.

Public Interest in Plant Variety Protection: A Comparative Study of Compulsory Licensing in Indonesia and India for Food Security Andani, Devi; Sudiyana; Murjiyanto, R.; Ariyani, Nita; Mohd Zamre Mohd Zahir
Journal of Private and Commercial Law Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Private and Commercial Law
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jpcl.v9i2.28847

This research aims to analyze and compare the legal frameworks of compulsory licensing in the Plant Variety Protection systems of Indonesia and India in accommodating public interest parameters and to analyze the granting of compulsory licenses for public interest in supporting food sovereignty and security in Indonesia. This research uses a normative juridical method with comparative and statutory approaches. The study utilizes secondary data, including primary and secondary legal sources, analyzed qualitatively to examine the regulatory differences in compulsory licensing regimes between Indonesian and Indian jurisdictions. The results of this research are: First, The findings indicate that India possesses a more comprehensive legal framework through the PPVFR Act, which explicitly integrates farmers' rights as a core element of public interest. In contrast, Indonesia's regulations remain administratively centered with an ambiguous definition of “public interest”. A fundamental difference lies in the activation procedures: India allows for swifter intervention against seed monopolies to ensure price stability, whereas in Indonesia, the mechanism is not yet optimally implemented due to a lack of technical implementing regulations capable of responding effectively to food crises. Second, the results indicate that while compulsory licensing is legally accommodated within Indonesia’s PVP system as a public interest instrument, its implementation remains suboptimal in supporting food sovereignty. Consequently,compulsory licensing remains passive, prioritizing the protection of breeders' exclusive rights over its strategic role in ensuring seed accessibility for smallholder farmers.

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