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All Journal Reaktor JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI JURNAL TEKNOLOGI LINGKUNGAN Jurnal Teknik Kimia Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Research Briliant: Jurnal Riset dan Konseptual Journal of Research and Technology IJEMS (Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability) Civil and Environmental Science Journal (CIVENSE) Chemistry Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement G-Tech : Jurnal Teknologi Terapan Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings International Journal of Eco-Innovation in Science and Engineering (IJEISE) Envirous Sinergi Polmed : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Journal Serambi Engineering (JSE) JURNAL REKAYASA KIMIA & LINGKUNGAN
Ketut Sumada
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty Of Engineering And Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Public Health Social Sciences Transportation Other

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Development of a Spray Pipe Evaporator for Application on Unproductive Salt Farm Land in Indonesia Muljani, Srie; Sumada, Ketut; Pradana, Alfian Rizki; Pujiastuti, Caecilia
ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement Vol. 8, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

This article discusses the development of a prototype spray pipe evaporator and its efficiency in producing salt in Indonesia. Due to the length of the salt harvesting season in Indonesia, many salt farmers have closed their business doors, leaving many salt ponds abandoned. The spray pipe evaporator prototype was designed to produce a brine solution with a salinity of 23–24 Be from seawater, which has a salinity of 2.5–3.5 Be, in less than 3 days. This is faster than the conventional process of a brine solution salinity of 24 Be. The prototype spray pipe evaporator was assessed in a 20 x 60 m evaporation pool with a depth of 18 cm that contained brine solution with a salinity of 15.5 Be. The number of sprays installed was 11. The salinity increased from 15.5 Be to 20.5 Be after 8.5 hr of evaporation. Meanwhile, with conventional evaporation, the salinity of the brine solution reaches 16.5 Be after 3 days of evaporation. Based on calculations of the evaporation capacity for 11 sprays, it was determined that each spray can evaporate 7.6 m3 of water. A spray pipe evaporator is thus more recommended for evaporation of seawater with a salinity of around 3–5 Be. The ratio of evaporation ponds using spray to evaporation ponds without spray is around 1:15. The technical development conducted in this study improved the evaporation process through spraying, which is applicable for salt pond farming and the salt industry. This technology arguably saves energy for pumps and reduces the number of workers, thus benefitting the salt farmers’ communities in tropical contexts, such as Indonesia.
Optimization of Acetone Concentration and Reflux Ratio for Enhanced Oil Extraction from Spent Bleaching Earth: A Response Surface Methodology Approach Monica, Clarissa Putri; Anggraeni, Verendria Putri Caesar; Sumada, Ketut; Sari, Ni Ketut; Pujiastuti, Caecilia
Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): December
Publisher : Magister Program of Material Science, Graduate School of Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/ijems.2025.9.4.183-191

Abstract

Spent bleaching earth with an oil content exceeding 3% is classified as hazardous and toxic waste, requiring appropriate processing prior to environmental disposal. Extraction is one effective method for processing spent bleaching earth. This study focuses on the optimization of oil extraction from spent bleaching earth using acetone as a solvent, specifically analyzing the effects of solvent concentration and reflux ratio on oil recovery efficiency and evaluating the quality of recovered bleaching earth for potential reuse in vegetable oil refining processes. The extraction method employed was soxhlet extraction using acetone as the solvent. Five different acetone concentrations (50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%) were tested in combination with five reflux ratios (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6), creating a total of 25 experimental conditions. Response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to optimize these parameters and identify the ideal conditions for maximum oil recovery. The experimental design and statistical analysis were conducted using Design Expert 13.0.5.0 software. The quality of recovered bleaching earth was assessed against Indonesian National Standards (SNI) for potential reuse applications. The optimization results indicated optimal conditions of 69.15% acetone concentration and a reflux ratio of 4, yielding a maximum oil recovery rate of 17.52%. Analysis of the recovered bleaching earth showed that while it met most SNI standards for bleaching earth quality parameters, the pH remained acidic (below neutral), indicating that alkaline pretreatment would be necessary before the material could be effectively reused in vegetable oil bleaching processes. The study demonstrates that acetone-based soxhlet extraction can effectively recover oil from spent bleaching earth while producing a secondary product suitable for reuse after appropriate pH adjustment.
Formulation of Granular Fertilizer from Elephant Grass Ash and Urea with Tapioca Binder Yuriko Tiara; Meriska Diva Nadia Putri Amrulloh; Ketut Sumada
G-Tech: Jurnal Teknologi Terapan Vol 9 No 3 (2025): G-Tech, Vol. 9 No. 3 July 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Raden Rahmat, Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70609/g-tech.v9i3.7101

Abstract

Elephant grass remains underutilized, despite its ash containing high levels of potassium and its potential as a raw material for fertilizer production. This study aims to evaluate the effect of mixing ratios of elephant grass ash and urea with tapioca starch binder on fertilizer composition in accordance with quality standards, and to examine how binder concentration influences the characteristics of the resulting granules. The process began by burning elephant grass into charcoal, followed by ashing in a furnace at 600°C for 4 hours. The ash was then mixed with urea and tapioca starch at various compositions. The variables included urea additions of 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, and 40% (w/w), and binder concentrations of 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, and 10% (w/w). The resulting granules were analyzed for N, P₂O₅, and K₂O content to determine the optimal formulation. The study found that granules with 20% urea met the standard of Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture Regulation No. 209/Kpts/SR.320/3/2018, while granules with 10% tapioca binder had the longest disintegration time at 413 minutes. This research contributes to the development of sustainable fertilizers derived from elephant grass biomass waste.
Production of Calcium-Ammonium-Phosphate (CAP) Multinutrient Fertilizer from Acetylene Gas Industry Waste and Phosphoric Acid Saudhia Aulizya Niswatul Khusna; Tri Andini Agustin; Ketut Sumada
G-Tech: Jurnal Teknologi Terapan Vol 9 No 4 (2025): G-Tech, Vol. 9 No. 4 October 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Raden Rahmat, Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70609/g-tech.v9i4.8086

Abstract

The increasing global demand for food has raised the need for effective fertilizers, while the depletion of conventional raw materials and industrial waste accumulation have become pressing issues. Acetylene gas industries generate large amounts of semi-solid lime waste containing calcium hydroxide, which is often disposed of without treatment, causing environmental problems. This study aims to utilize acetylene waste as a raw material for producing Calcium-Ammonium-Phosphate (CAP) multinutrient fertilizer through a precipitation method using phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH). The variables investigated include pH values (6,7,8,9,10) and waste mass (30,35,40,45,50 g). The resulting products were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). The results indicate that the optimum pH to obtain the highest nutrient content of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N) is pH 10. In addition, variations in the mass of acetylene industry solid waste were found the optimum condition was achieved at 30 g of waste, which provided the highest concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, and nitrogen. This research demonstrates the potential of acetylene industry waste as an alternative raw material for sustainable fertilizer production.
STUDI KINETIKA REAKSI EKSTRAKSI DOLOMIT DENGAN ASAM FOSFAT Fahturrozak, Ahmad; Adzani, Mayla Fayzza; Sumada, Ketut
BRILIANT: Jurnal Riset dan Konseptual Vol 11 No 1 (2026): Volume 11 Nomor 1, Februari 2026
Publisher : Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Blitar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.28926/briliant.v11i1.2218

Abstract

Dolomite (CaMg(CO₃)₂) is generally white but can also appear gray or bluish, with magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) as its main composition.. This study analyzes the kinetics and conversion of dolomite extraction using phosphoric acid through a solid-liquid extraction method. Initially, dolomite was calcined at 850°C for 240 minutes and then sieved. A total of 40 grams of the sieved sample was extracted with 250 mL of 2M phosphoric acid at varying temperatures (30, 45, 60, 75, and 90°C) and extraction times (60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes). The extracted solution was filtered and analyzed using AAS to determine the extracted calcium and magnesium content. The highest conversion was achieved at 90°C for 180 minutes, with calcium extraction at 65.67% and magnesium at 65.98%, with the ash layer as the controlling step. The activation energy, based on the Arrhenius equation, was 27,745.49 J/mol·K for calcium and 19,120.5 J/mol·K for magnesium, with reaction rate constants of K=9.8149 e^(3336.6/T) for calcium and K=1.8063 e^(2299.8/T) for magnesium. This study demonstrates that temperature and reaction time significantly influence dolomite extraction, which follows the Arrhenius model, providing valuable insights into the kinetics and efficiency of dolomite extraction using phosphoric acid.
Co-Authors Adinda Rimarsya Bahita Ahmad Adzani, Mayla Fayzza Aisyah Alifatul Zahidah Rohmah Alifah Nur Aini Fajrin Amelia Putri Kusherawati Anarchie, Thafie Ghilas Anggelina, Efline Anggoro, Achmad Rahditya Viman Anggraeni, Verendria Putri Caesar Anggun, Brendayani Arianti, Rahma Dea Rerindra Arief S, Purwanto Bambang Wahyudi Wahyudi Berliana Ayu Emilia Candra Dewi Caecilia - Pujiastuti Caecilia Pudjiastuti Caecilia Pujiastuti Caecilia Pujiastuti Caecilia Pujiastuti Caecilia Pujiastuti Chaerani, Novika Cahya Cindy Saskia Damayanti Clareta Rahmawati Maudy Delfian Lutfiananda Dewi, Dwi Kirana Ika Candra Dimas Agus Andriansyah Dwi Hery Astuti Dyah Suci Perwitasari Effendi, Anggi Aulia Putri Erda Roriza Putri Redina Erwan Adi Saputro Fahturrozak, Ahmad Farhan Azka Nashuha Hamzah, Maditya Amirul Jaenuri, Abdul Rahman Khadafi Kindriari Nurma Wahyusi Laila, Indah Nur Meriana Armidianti Meriska Diva Nadia Putri Amrulloh Meutia Familya Monica, Clarissa Putri Muhimatur Rosida Nailah Rosikah, Nasywa Ni Ketut Sari Niken Febrila Awardani Noni Aulia Nove Kartika Noviardyanti, Fara Zabrina Palaguna, Kadek Aditya Pamoedji, Yemima Natalia Eka Kristiyanti Pingky Fantika Wulandari Pradana, Alfian Rizki Priambodo, Melandy Dwi Pujiastuti, Caecilia Pujiastuti, Caecilia Pujiastuti, Caecilia Pujiastuti, Caecilia Pujiastuti, Caecilia Pujiastuti, Caecilia - Putri, Dinar Ismilla Rahmawati, Belinda Tri Setya Rahmawati, Fajar Nanda Raka Selaksa Charisma Muchammad Ramadhan, Mochamad Rafli Retno Dewati Retno dewati Reza Salsabilla Kafy S Suprihatin Safira, Lutfia Rima Saudhia Aulizya Niswatul Khusna Selvia Sofi Yanti Setiani, Astri Silviana Ariana Sintha Soraya Santi Sri Muljani Sri Muljani SRIE MULJANI Suprianti, Lilik Suprihatin Suprihatin Susilowati Tiur Lina Tri Andini Agustin Verbiawan, Erza Anggara Vica Brilliany Sanjaya Vidyantari, Lyra Widya P, Vika Widyaningrum, Nilam Putri Yogaswara, Rachmad Ramadhan Yuriko Tiara Yustina Ngatilah Yustina Ngatilah Zain, Tama Rahmandha