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All Journal Reaktor JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI JURNAL TEKNOLOGI LINGKUNGAN Jurnal Teknik Kimia Journal of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Research Journal of Research and Technology IJEMS (Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability) Civil and Environmental Science Journal (CIVENSE) Chemistry Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement G-Tech : Jurnal Teknologi Terapan Nusantara Science and Technology Proceedings International Journal of Eco-Innovation in Science and Engineering (IJEISE) Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Envirous Sinergi Polmed : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin Ranah Research : Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development Journal Serambi Engineering (JSE) JURNAL REKAYASA KIMIA & LINGKUNGAN
Ketut Sumada
Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty Of Engineering And Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Public Health Social Sciences Transportation Other

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Optimization of Acetone Concentration and Reflux Ratio for Enhanced Oil Extraction from Spent Bleaching Earth: A Response Surface Methodology Approach Monica, Clarissa Putri; Anggraeni, Verendria Putri Caesar; Sumada, Ketut; Sari, Ni Ketut; Pujiastuti, Caecilia
Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability Vol. 9 No. 4 (2025): December
Publisher : Magister Program of Material Science, Graduate School of Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/ijems.2025.9.4.183-191

Abstract

Spent bleaching earth with an oil content exceeding 3% is classified as hazardous and toxic waste, requiring appropriate processing prior to environmental disposal. Extraction is one effective method for processing spent bleaching earth. This study focuses on the optimization of oil extraction from spent bleaching earth using acetone as a solvent, specifically analyzing the effects of solvent concentration and reflux ratio on oil recovery efficiency and evaluating the quality of recovered bleaching earth for potential reuse in vegetable oil refining processes. The extraction method employed was soxhlet extraction using acetone as the solvent. Five different acetone concentrations (50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%) were tested in combination with five reflux ratios (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6), creating a total of 25 experimental conditions. Response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to optimize these parameters and identify the ideal conditions for maximum oil recovery. The experimental design and statistical analysis were conducted using Design Expert 13.0.5.0 software. The quality of recovered bleaching earth was assessed against Indonesian National Standards (SNI) for potential reuse applications. The optimization results indicated optimal conditions of 69.15% acetone concentration and a reflux ratio of 4, yielding a maximum oil recovery rate of 17.52%. Analysis of the recovered bleaching earth showed that while it met most SNI standards for bleaching earth quality parameters, the pH remained acidic (below neutral), indicating that alkaline pretreatment would be necessary before the material could be effectively reused in vegetable oil bleaching processes. The study demonstrates that acetone-based soxhlet extraction can effectively recover oil from spent bleaching earth while producing a secondary product suitable for reuse after appropriate pH adjustment.
Formulation of Granular Fertilizer from Elephant Grass Ash and Urea with Tapioca Binder Yuriko Tiara; Meriska Diva Nadia Putri Amrulloh; Ketut Sumada
G-Tech: Jurnal Teknologi Terapan Vol 9 No 3 (2025): G-Tech, Vol. 9 No. 3 July 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Raden Rahmat, Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70609/g-tech.v9i3.7101

Abstract

Elephant grass remains underutilized, despite its ash containing high levels of potassium and its potential as a raw material for fertilizer production. This study aims to evaluate the effect of mixing ratios of elephant grass ash and urea with tapioca starch binder on fertilizer composition in accordance with quality standards, and to examine how binder concentration influences the characteristics of the resulting granules. The process began by burning elephant grass into charcoal, followed by ashing in a furnace at 600°C for 4 hours. The ash was then mixed with urea and tapioca starch at various compositions. The variables included urea additions of 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, and 40% (w/w), and binder concentrations of 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, and 10% (w/w). The resulting granules were analyzed for N, P₂O₅, and K₂O content to determine the optimal formulation. The study found that granules with 20% urea met the standard of Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture Regulation No. 209/Kpts/SR.320/3/2018, while granules with 10% tapioca binder had the longest disintegration time at 413 minutes. This research contributes to the development of sustainable fertilizers derived from elephant grass biomass waste.
Production of Calcium-Ammonium-Phosphate (CAP) Multinutrient Fertilizer from Acetylene Gas Industry Waste and Phosphoric Acid Saudhia Aulizya Niswatul Khusna; Tri Andini Agustin; Ketut Sumada
G-Tech: Jurnal Teknologi Terapan Vol 9 No 4 (2025): G-Tech, Vol. 9 No. 4 October 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Raden Rahmat, Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70609/g-tech.v9i4.8086

Abstract

The increasing global demand for food has raised the need for effective fertilizers, while the depletion of conventional raw materials and industrial waste accumulation have become pressing issues. Acetylene gas industries generate large amounts of semi-solid lime waste containing calcium hydroxide, which is often disposed of without treatment, causing environmental problems. This study aims to utilize acetylene waste as a raw material for producing Calcium-Ammonium-Phosphate (CAP) multinutrient fertilizer through a precipitation method using phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH). The variables investigated include pH values (6,7,8,9,10) and waste mass (30,35,40,45,50 g). The resulting products were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). The results indicate that the optimum pH to obtain the highest nutrient content of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N) is pH 10. In addition, variations in the mass of acetylene industry solid waste were found the optimum condition was achieved at 30 g of waste, which provided the highest concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, and nitrogen. This research demonstrates the potential of acetylene industry waste as an alternative raw material for sustainable fertilizer production.
OPTIMIZATION OF VALUABLE MINERALS (MG2+ & K⁺) RECOVERY FROM SEAWATER USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY (RSM) Raka Selaksa Charisma Muchammad; Aisyah Alifatul Zahidah Rohmah; Caecilia Pudjiastuti; Alifah Nur Aini Fajrin; Ketut Sumada
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v7i2.6284

Abstract

The extraction of metallic ions from seawater brine within a circular economy framework presents economic promise yet is hampered by concomitant ionic interference manifested during the precipitation of salts. The present investigation sought to characterize and subsequently to refine the co-precipitation steps for magnesium and potassium ions such that they yield suitable precursors for the synthesis of struvite fertilizer. The experimental work utilized a Response Surface Methodology built upon a Face-Centered Central Composite Design, interrogating the influence of the molar ratio of sodium hydrogen phosphate to calcium chloride and the duration of reaction on the simultaneous recovery of Mg²⁺ and K⁺. Results from the Analysis of Variance demonstrated that the principal effects of the aforementioned ratio, reaction duration, and their interaction terms were statistically significant for both target recoveries. By iterative optimization, the experimental framework predicted optimal operational parameters of sodium hydrogen phosphate to calcium chloride ratio of 0.401 and a reaction interval of 11.608 minutes, corresponding to a composite desirability statistic of 0.908 and estimated recoveries of 93.979 % and 97.300 % for magnesium and potassium ions, respectively. The data therefore substantiate the conclusion that Response Surface Methodology provides a systematic and analytically tractable conduit for the resolution of equilibrated brine mixtures, delineating a refined process envelope that promotes the extraction and economic valorization of essential mineral fertilizers from industrial saline streams.
Machine Learning vs. Real-World Data: Assessing ANN Performance in COD Removal in Animal Feed Processing Wastewater Beta Cahaya Pertiwi; Dean Tirkaamiana; Maudy Pratiwi Novia Matovanni; Ketut Sumada
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 9, No 1 (2025): Volume 9, No 1 July 2025
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v9i1.104192

Abstract

This research established an artificial neural network (ANN) aimed at optimizing ozonation for chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction in animal feed plant wastewater. Experimental data (200-1000 mg/L COD, 100-180 min treatment) were used to train a 10-8 neuron artificial neural network, resulting in a predicted removal rate of 97.4% at 180 minutes for 1000 mg/L COD (MSE=15.9, R²=0.34).  Experiments indicated a marginally higher efficiency of 97.83% at 160 minutes; however, the ANN's conservative recommendation of 180 minutes is more appropriate for industrial scalability. The model successfully identified non-linear degradation patterns of recalcitrant organics, illustrating the potential of artificial neural networks for optimizing wastewater treatment.  This study connects laboratory research with industrial application via machine learning, establishing a framework that balances efficiency and operational practicality. Future improvements may integrate real-time process data to increase accuracy.
Removal of Pb²⁺ Ions Using Rice Husk Ash and Metakaolin Based Geopolymer Fatikhah Cahyani; Della Arthamevia; Srie Muljani; Caecilia Pujiastuti; Ketut Sumada
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026): Juli 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

Heavy metal contamination in aquatic environments is a serious environmental issue due to its toxicity, persistence, and tendency to accumulate within living organisms. One promising approach to address this problem is adsorption using aluminosilicate-based geopolymers. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of rice husk ash and metakaolin-based geopolymers to remove Pb²⁺ ions and to investigate the effects of Si/Al molar ratio and NaOH concentration on geopolymer characteristics, removal efficiency, and adsorption capacity. Geopolymers were synthesized using rice husk ash as a silica source and metakaolin as an alumina source with varying Si/Al molar ratios and NaOH concentrations. The synthesized geopolymers were characterized using SEM-EDX and FTIR, while their adsorption performance was evaluated based on Pb²⁺ removal efficiency and adsorption capacity from Pb(NO₃)₂ solution. The results demonstrated that the geopolymer was successfully synthesized and showed potential as an effective adsorbent for Pb²⁺ removal. SEM-EDX and FTIR analyses confirmed the formation of an aluminosilicate structure and indicated that Pb²⁺ adsorption involved ion-exchange mechanisms and interactions with active functional groups on the geopolymer surface. Variations in the Si/Al molar ratio and NaOH concentration significantly affected the characteristics and adsorption performance of the geopolymer. The optimum adsorption condition was achieved at a Si/Al molar ratio of 4.2 and a NaOH concentration of 10 M, resulting in an adsorption capacity of 7.94 mg/g and a removal efficiency of 99.83%.
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Biochar Berbahan Limbah Yeast Mud Yoga Ramadha; Joanna Adorenee; Ketut Sumada
Jurnal Serambi Engineering Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026): Juli 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serambi Mekkah

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Abstract

Yeast mud merupakan limbah padat hasil samping industri fermentasi bioetanol yang dihasilkan dalam jumlah besar, memiliki kandungan air tinggi, dan kaya akan bahan organik sehingga berpotensi diolah menjadi biochar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan waktu karbonisasi terhadap yield dan kualitas biochar dari limbah yeast mud bioetanol. Yeast mud dikeringkan pada suhu 100°C selama 8 jam, kemudian dikarbonisasi di dalam furnace pada suhu 200, 300, 400, 500, dan 600°C dengan waktu tinggal 1; 1,5; 2; 2,5; dan 3 jam. Biochar yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi melalui pengukuran yield, uji kadar abu, analisis komposisi kimia menggunakan SEM-EDX, serta analisis gugus fungsi menggunakan FTIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa yield biochar menurun dari 90,86% (200°C, 1 jam) menjadi 20,46% (600°C, 3 jam), sedangkan kadar abu meningkat dari 45,5% menjadi 75,22% seiring kenaikan suhu. Kandungan karbon menurun dari 14,25% menjadi 2,07%, sementara unsur mineral (Ca, S, K, P) semakin terkonsentrasi akibat volatilitas bahan organik. Analisis FTIR menunjukkan hilangnya gugus O-H dan C-H alifatik serta terbentuknya struktur karbon aromatik terkondensasi pada suhu tinggi, dan hasil SEM memperlihatkan peningkatan pembentukan pori. Biochar hasil karbonisasi pada suhu 200°C menunjukkan kualitas terbaik sehingga berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai pembenah tanah.
Co-Authors Adinda Rimarsya Bahita Ahmad Aisyah Alifatul Zahidah Rohmah Alifah Nur Aini Fajrin Amelia Putri Kusherawati Anarchie, Thafie Ghilas Anggelina, Efline Anggoro, Achmad Rahditya Viman Anggraeni, Verendria Putri Caesar Anggun, Brendayani Arianti, Rahma Dea Rerindra Arief S, Purwanto Bambang Wahyudi Wahyudi Berliana Ayu Emilia Candra Dewi Caecilia - Pujiastuti Caecilia Pudjiastuti Caecilia Pujiastuti Caecilia Pujiastuti Caecilia Pujiastuti Caecilia Pujiastuti Caecilia Pujiastuti Chaerani, Novika Cahya Cindy Saskia Damayanti Clareta Rahmawati Maudy Dean Tirkaamiana Delfian Lutfiananda Della Arthamevia Dewi, Dwi Kirana Ika Candra Dimas Agus Andriansyah Dwi Hery Astuti Dyah Suci Perwitasari Effendi, Anggi Aulia Putri Erda Roriza Putri Redina Erwan Adi Saputro Farhan Azka Nashuha Fatikhah Cahyani Hamzah, Maditya Amirul Jaenuri, Abdul Rahman Khadafi Joanna Adorenee Kindriari Nurma Wahyusi Laila, Indah Nur Matovanni, Maudy Pratiwi Novia Meriana Armidianti Meriska Diva Nadia Putri Amrulloh Meutia Familya Monica, Clarissa Putri Muhimatur Rosida Nailah Rosikah, Nasywa Ni Ketut Sari Niken Febrila Awardani Noni Aulia Nove Kartika Noviardyanti, Fara Zabrina Palaguna, Kadek Aditya Pamoedji, Yemima Natalia Eka Kristiyanti Pertiwi, Beta Cahaya Pingky Fantika Wulandari Pradana, Alfian Rizki Priambodo, Melandy Dwi Pujiastuti, Caecilia Pujiastuti, Caecilia Pujiastuti, Caecilia Pujiastuti, Caecilia Pujiastuti, Caecilia Pujiastuti, Caecilia - Putri, Dinar Ismilla Rahmawati, Belinda Tri Setya Rahmawati, Fajar Nanda Raka Selaksa Charisma Muchammad Ramadhan, Mochamad Rafli Retno dewati Retno Dewati Reza Salsabilla Kafy S Suprihatin Safira, Lutfia Rima Saudhia Aulizya Niswatul Khusna Selvia Sofi Yanti Setiani, Astri Silviana Ariana Sintha Soraya Santi Sri Muljani Sri Muljani SRIE MULJANI Suprianti, Lilik Suprihatin Suprihatin Susilowati Tiur Lina Tri Andini Agustin Verbiawan, Erza Anggara Vica Brilliany Sanjaya Vidyantari, Lyra Widya P, Vika Widyaningrum, Nilam Putri Yoga Ramadha Yogaswara, Rachmad Ramadhan Yuriko Tiara Yustina Ngatilah Zain, Tama Rahmandha