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All Journal Hemera Zoa Jurnal Veteriner Partner Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Peternakan Jurnal Medik Veteriner JURNAL KAJIAN VETERINER Livestock and Animal Research
Ewaldus Wera
Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary

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Journal : Hemera Zoa

 1 
KIVFA-5 Analisis Manfaat Biaya Pengendalian dan Pemberantasan Hog Cholera di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur Ewaldus Wera; Joko Daryono; Rian Nurcahyono; Cons Joel Tukan; Ferdinandus Rondong; Rivanda Ansori
Hemera Zoa Proceedings of the 20th FAVA & the 15th KIVNAS PDHI 2018
Publisher : Hemera Zoa

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Hog cholera masih merupakan ancaman bagi kelangsungan produksi ternak babi di provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Paling kurang 10,000 ekor ternak babi mati karena Hog Cholera pada tahun 2017. Wabah ini memberikan dampak ekonomi yang signifikan bagi peternak dan pemerintah daerah. Hal ini mendorong pemerintah menetapkan Penyakit hog cholera sebagai salah satu penyakit strategies yang mendapat prioritas dalam pemberantasanya (Peraturan Dirjen Peternakan No. 59/Kpts/PD610/05/2007). Pemerintah melalui Kementerian Pertanian telah mengambil langkah-langkah konkrit dalam mengendalikan dan memberantas penyakit hog cholera antara lain vaksinasi, stamping out policy, biosekuriti dan pengetatan lalu lintas ternak. Pemberantasan hog cholera pada ternak babi melalui vaksinasi massal telah dilakukan di seluruh daerah endemik hog cholera di Indoensia. Walaupun pemberian vaksin pada ternak telah terbukti mampu menurunkan kasus hog cholera pada ternak babi (Ahrens et al., 2000; Bouma et al, 2000; 1999; de Smit et al 2001) namun cakupan vaksinasi pada populasi ternak babi di Indonesia umumnya dan NTT khususnya masih sangat rendah. Salah satu faktor pemicu rendahnya cakupan vaksinasi adalah kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat terutama pemilik ternak terkait akan biaya dan manfaat program vaksinasi hog cholera. Oleh karena itu analisis manfaat biaya investasi pada program vaksinasi hog cholera perlu dilakukan sebagai acuan dalam menyusun rencana strategis pengendalian dan pemberantasan hog cholera dimasa yang akan datang.
KIVSA-1 Framework Evaluasi Titer Antibodi Rabies Ewaldus Wera; Petrus Malo Bulu
Hemera Zoa Proceedings of the 20th FAVA & the 15th KIVNAS PDHI 2018
Publisher : Hemera Zoa

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Rabies atau lebih dikenal sebagai penyakit anjing gila masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan di Indonesia pada umumnya dan Pulau Flores khususnya. Menurut data kementerian kesehatan, di Flores, kasus rabies dilaporkan ada di 6 kabupaten dengan jumlah kasus gigitan anjing rabies sebanyak 2000 orang setiap tahun dan 10 orang diantara meninggal dunia. Langkah efektif mencegah rabies pada manusia adalah vaksinasi populasi anjing dengan cakupan 70% (WHO, 2013). Namun seringkali ditemukan dilapangan kasus rabies pada anjing yang sudah divaksinasi. Hal ini disebabkan oleh gagalnya sistem imun anjing membentuk kekebalan yang mampu melawan virus rabies (≥ 0.5 IU/ml) (WHO, 2012). Beberapa faktor potensial penentu dalam proses pembentukan kekebalan seperti ras, umur, jenis kelamin, status vaksinasi, waktu penggambilan darah setelah vaksinasi dan jenis vaksin yang digunakan (Mansfield, et. al., 2004). Kegagalan anjing membentuk kekebalan pasca vaksinasi akan sangat berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia sebab 98% kasus rabies pada manusia ditularkan oleh anjing (WHO, 2013).Penelitian-penelitian terdahulu terkait respon kekebalan anjing pasca vaksinasi masih sangat terbatas pada daerah perkotaan negara-negara maju (Mansfield, et. al., 2004; Kennedy et al., 2007; Minke et al., 2008; Jakel et al, 2008) yang mana sistem pemeliharaan anjing sangat berbeda dengan situasi di daerah pedesaan negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Sebagai contoh, di negara maju anjing umumnya mendapat tempat yang layak dalam rumah sebagai bagian dari keluarga. Sebaliknya di negara yang sedang berkembang terutama di daerah pedesaan anjing dibiarkan berkeliaran baik siang maupun malam hari. Sebagai kosekuensi status gizi anjing dan status kekebalan anjing terhadap penyakit rabies juga akan berbeda dengan sistem pemeliharaan yang berbeda. Vaksinasi pada anjing merupakan langkah utama pencegahan penularan rabies kepada manusia, namun kajian terkait respon kekebalan anjing yang divaksinasi belum pernah dilakukan di Pulau Flores.Untuk mendukung pengembangan strategi pemberantasan rabies yang efektif dan efisien dibutuhkan data lapangan yang akurat antara lain data titer kekebalan pasca vaksinasi. Pengukuran titer kekebalan harus dilakukan secara berseri/berulang, misalnya hari ke-0, 30, 90, 180, dan 360 paska vaksinasi. Hal ini dilakukan untuk melihat trend pembentukan kekebalan tubuh anjing paska vaksiansi. Data yang terkumpul akan di jadikan input terkait waktu yang tepat dalam melakukan vaksinasi ulang (booster).
VPH-2 Risk Factor Analysis for the Transmission of Classical Swine Fever in West Timor, Indonesia Petrus Malo Bulu; Ian D Robertson; Maria Geong; Ewaldus Wera
Hemera Zoa Proceedings of the 20th FAVA & the 15th KIVNAS PDHI 2018
Publisher : Hemera Zoa

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Classical Swine Fever (CSF) is a serious and highly infectious viral disease of domestic pigs and wild boar (Paton and Greiser-Wilke 2003). The causative agent, Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) is a small (40±60 nm) enveloped ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus with a single stranded genome with positive polarity (Horzinek et al. 1971; Moennig and Greiser-Wilke 2008). The virus is one of three pestiviruses that forms a group of economically important pathogens (Moennig et al. 1990) belonging to the Flaviviridae family. It has a close antigenic relationship with the other pestiviruses - bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and border disease virus (BDV), as demonstrated by immunodiffusion and immunofluorescence tests, and their similar morphology and nucleic acid homology (Wengler 1991; Wengler et al. 1995). Indonesia was free from CSF until 1993. Between 1994 and 1996 thousands of pigs were reported to have died from the disease in the Indonesian regions of North Sumatera, Jakarta, Bali, Central Java, and North Sulawesi (Satya and Santhia 2000). An outbreak of CSF was reported in Dili, East Timor in August 1997 and the disease then spread to the Kupang district of West Timor in March 1998 (Satya and Santhia 2009) and subsequently to all districts of Timor (Santhia et al. 1997; Santhia et al. 1998).              The existence of CSF in an area and the potential for introducing the disease into a new area can be associated with the presence of certain risk factors. Identification of these risk factors is important in understanding the transmission of disease and for developing effective prevention, control and eradication programs. Farmers are a valuable source of information about potential risk factors and associated management and husbandry practices linked with disease as they often have many years of experience in raising or trading livestock. This knowledge can be used to identify risk factors for disease.The objective of the study was to identify potential risk factors associated with CSF infection in West Timor. In particular factors involved in the management and husbandry of pigs were investigated.
VPH-3 Framework to Evaluate Factors Associated With the Roaming Behaviour of Dogs in Flores Island, Indonesia Charlotte Warembourg; Ewaldus Wera; Petrus Malo Bulu; Salome Dürr
Hemera Zoa Proceedings of the 20th FAVA & the 15th KIVNAS PDHI 2018
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Abstract

Dogs (Canis familiaris) are among the earliest domesticated animals and one of the most ubiquitous domestic species worldwide. Albeit of many benefits, this partnership can cause problems. Zoonoses (diseases transmittable from animals to humans) transmitted by dogs, particularly rabies, can have a high impact on animal and public health. Worldwide, more than 99% of human cases result from dog bites. The disease is responsible for around 59,000 human deaths per year with 60% occurring in Asia (1)(2). In societies where domestic dogs are owned, but free-roaming, a substantial risk for disease transmission through frequent contacts within the dog population exists. Yet, knowledge on the behaviors of free roaming domestic dogs (FRDD) is limited. Published studies exist on demography of dog populations worldwide, however studies examining roaming behavior and factors influencing it are rare. Do FRDD behave similarly worldwide? Is a dog just a dog? Or are there specific factors that influence their roaming behavior and therefore disease transmission? Such information is needed to inform mathematical disease spread models, which can be used to design evidence-based disease control strategies within FRDD populations.We hypothesize that the behavior of FRDD depends on individual-dog, anthropogenic and environmental factors, which consequently influence the spread of infectious diseases in dog populations, which is also influenced by the duration of the immunity after anti-rabies vaccination. Our objectives are to identify those influential factors and investigate the impact of identified factors on disease spread.We combine infectious disease modelling with empirical data collected in Flores Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. We identified three study sites (Pogon, Habi, and Hepang) including urban and rural areas of different dog density. We gathered the following data: Movement data from individual dogs and contact rates among them using GPS collars, dog characteristics and management by conducting interviews with dog owners, environmental factors through observation, serological samples through venipuncture, and dog counts via transects. We targeted 200 dogs (100, 60 and 40 dogs for high, middle and low-density sites). These are appropriate sample sizes, based on our previous experience. Blood samples are collected over a one year period. All the dogs included in the study are sampled at D0, D30, D90, D180 and D360 after vaccination. The samples will be serologically analyzed for rabies antibodies and compared to the vaccination history of the dogs. We will then incorporate knowledge gained on dog roaming, rabies immunity and dog population size into mathematical agent-based simulation models.Thanks to this study, and similar data collected in African and Latin American countries, we will have a better understanding of the behaviour of the FRDD worldwide and their impact on zoonosis transmission. This study will contribute to the common aim of WHO and OIE to eradicate dog mediated human rabies by adapting the current recommendations for rabies vaccination to local settings and getting knowledge on the empirical rabies immunity duration in the field. Considering the close linkage between dog and human health, this study will also benefit humans by controlling rabies in free roaming domestic dog populations. Our objectives are to identify those influential factors and investigate the influence of identified factors on disease spread.
PF-6 Risk Factors Investigation of Classical Swine Fever (CSF) in the District of Sikka, Flores Island Indonesia Petrus Malo Bulu; Ewaldus Wera; Margaretha Siko
Hemera Zoa Proceedings of the 20th FAVA & the 15th KIVNAS PDHI 2018
Publisher : Hemera Zoa

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Abstract

The existence of CSF in an area and the potential for introducing the disease into a new area can be associated with the presence of certain risk factors. Identification of these risk factors is important in understanding the transmission of disease and for the development of effective prevention, control and eradication programs. An epidemiological investigation will be carried out on small-holder farmers in the District of Sikka Flores Island, Indonesia. The study is designed to identify factors associated with seropositivity to Classical swine fever (CSF). Classical Swine Fever is a serious and highly infectious viral disease of domestic pigs and wild boar (1). It remains one of the most important transboundary viral diseases of swine worldwide (2).
Co-Authors Agustinus Paga Angsar, Melky Bayu Irawan, Bayu Bernadete Koten Cardial L.O. Leo-Penu, Cardial L.O. Charlotte Warembourg Christopher, David Alvin Cons Joel Tukan Dhaja, Claudya Anastasia Ferdinandus Rondong Gerson Yohanes Imanuel Sakan Hendrina Lero Kaka Ian D Robertson Johanis A. Jermias, Johanis A. Joko Daryono Lasakar, Anita S. Mardianus Illi Margaretha Sikko Margaretha Sikko Margaretha Siko Maria Geong Maxs Urias Ebenheizer Sanam Medah, Jacob Nehemia Moata, Melinda R.S. Ni Sri Yuliani Petrus Malo Bulu, Petrus Petrus Malo Bulu, Petrus Malo Purwengtyas, Setijanti Rian Nurcahyono Rivanda Ansori Rumlaklak, Yanse Yane Sagala, Endah Budiati Salome Dürr Siviardus Marjaya, Siviardus Tabali, Zulkifli Tukan, Const Joel Misery Winata, Renardi