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Teknik Kultur Anther pada Pemuliaan anthurium Winarto, Budi; Rachmawati, Fitri
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 17, No 2 (2007): Juni 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Kultur anther merupakan teknik baru yang telah dikembangkan pada beberapa tanaman untuk mendapatkan galur murni melalui produksi tanaman haploid ganda. Keberadaan tanaman ini berpengaruh nyata terhadap perbaikan dan peningkatan efisiensi program pemuliaan dan perbenihan tanaman. Pada anthurium, teknik ini belum pernah dikembangkan dan dilaporkan, sehingga studi awal kultur anther bermanfaat untuk program pemuliaan dan perbenihan tanaman ini. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui tahap perkembangan spadik, rasio tahap perkembangan mikrospora dan viabilitasnya, mendapatkan teknik isolasi anther dan medium inisiasinya yang potensial untuk kultur anther. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias dan Plant Research International, Wageningen-Belanda dari bulan Juni 2003 hingga Agustus 2005. Anthurium yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah anthurium andreanum Linden ex AndrÃ©. cv. Amigo, Carnaval, dan Tropical. Pengamatan secara periodik, pengecatan menggunakan DAPI dan FDA, pengembangan 4 teknik isolasi (T-1 s/d T-4), dan seleksi medium inisiasi dilakukan dalam percobaan ini. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa 3 kultivar anthurium yang diuji memiliki karakter yang berbeda dalam hal waktu munculnya kepala putik, pemunculan putik tercepat terdapat pada kultivar Amigo, sedangkan waktu muncul serbuk sari relatif sama. Jumlah mikrospora per kotak spora terbanyak ditemukan pada kultivar Carnaval. Rasio tahap perkembangan mikrospora berubah seiring perubahan tahap perkembangan spadik dengan persentase late-uninucleate tertinggi (76%) tercatat saat spadik berada pada masa transisi. Viabilitas mikrospora berkisar antara 40-70% dengan persentase tertinggi (70%) ditunjukkan oleh kultivar Amigo. T-1 merupakan teknik isolasi yang potensial digunakan dalam mengembangkan kultur anther pada anthurium. Medium MMS merupakan medium yang paling potensial digunakan dalam kultur anther anthurium. Kultivar Tropical merupakan kultivar yang potensial digunakan sebagai tanaman model dalam kultur anther anthurium. Hasil-hasil tersebut bermanfaat dalam membuat protokol kultur anther pada anthurium.ABSTRACT. Winarto, B. and F. Rachmawati. 2007. Development of anther culture technique on anthurium. Anther culture is a new technique developed on several plants in obtaining pure line of plant via double haploid plant production. The existence of such plant has significantly increased and improved plant breeding and seed production programs efficiency. In anthurium so far the techniques have not developed and reported yet, therefore this study is important and benefit for the plant in relation with improving the plant breeding and seed production programs. The research objectives were too find out the development stage of spadix, ratio of microspore development stages and their viability, to findout potential isolation technique and initiation medium for anther and/or microspore culture of anthurium. The study was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory of Indonesian Ornamental Crop Research Institute and Plant Research International, Wageningen, Netherlands, from June 2003 till August 2005. Anthurium used in the study was anthurium andreanum Linden ex AndrÃ©. cv. Amigo, Carnaval, and Tropical. Periodical observation, DAPI and FDA staining, developing 4 isolation techniques (T-1 to T-4), and selection of initiation media were carried out during this research. Results of this study indicated that 3 anthurium cultivars had different characters with the fastest noticeable time of stigma observed in Amigo, while visible time of pollen was relatively similar. Higher number of microspore was recorded in Carnaval. Ratio of microspore development stages changed gradually dealing with alteration of spadix growth and high percentage of late-uninucleate stage (76%) was observed on spadix in transition stage of its growth that was characterized with color alteration area of scale like corola. Microspore viability was between 40-70% with the highest percentage (70%) obtained by Amigo. T-1 was a prospective technique developed for anthurium anther culture, while MMS was a potential initiation medium for the technique. Anthurium cv. Tropical was potentially used as a plant model for anther culture of anthurium. Results of this study can give benefit in establishing anther culture protocol for anthurium.

Perbedaan Botol Kul tur terhadap Pertumbuhan Eksplan Anyelir Hiperhidrisitas Winarto, Budi
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 15, No 1 (2005): Maret 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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Hiperhidrisitas merupakan masalah penting dalam kul tur jaringan anyelir. Kegagalan dalam mengatasimasalah ini akan mempengaruhi keberhasilan aklimatisasi. Plantlet yang dihasilkan sulit diaklimatisasi, plantletmudah layu, dan mati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan botol kul tur yang berbedajenis dan ukurannya dalam mengatasi hiperhidrisitas. Percobaan dilakukan di Laboratorium Kul tur Jaringan, IPPT,Fakultas Pertanian, Universiti Putra Ma lay sia dari bulan Juni hingga No vem ber 2002. Enam jenis botol kul tur yangberbeda ukuran yang digunakan dalam percobaan ini adalah tabung, erlenmeyer 100, 150, 250, 500 ml, dan tabungGA7. Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat ulangan. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa tabung kul tur merupakan botol kul tur yang pal ing sesuai untuk menumbuhkan eksplanhiperhidrisitas kembali ke pertumbuhan yang lebih nor mal. Pertumbuhan nor mal eksplan hiperhidrisitas yangdikultur dalam botol tersebut ditunjukkan melalui persentase hiperhidrisitas terendah (42%), kandungan klorofil yangtertinggi (0,1377 mg/mg), kandungan air terendah (89%), dan bobot kering biomasa tertinggi (11%) dengan kualitastu nas yang lebih baik dibandingkan perlakuan yang lain.Cul ture ves sels ef fect on growth of car na tion hyperhydritizy explant.Hyperhydricity is an im por tant prob lem in car na tion tis sue cul ture. Fail in over com ing the prob lem can in flu ence thesuccessful of plantlet acclimatization. Hyperhydritized-plantlets are normally difficult to be acclimatized and easy tobe come wilt ing and die. The aim of this study was to know the ef fect of dif fer ent types and sizes of cul ture ves sel in re -duc ing hyperhydricity. The ex per i ment was con ducted at Tis sue Cul ture Lab o ra tory, IPPT, Fac ulty of Ag ri cul ture,Universiti Putra Ma lay sia from June to No vem ber 2002. Six types dif fer ent in sizes used in the study are tube ves sel,erlenmeyer 100, 150, 250, 500 ml, and GA7 ves sel. Com pletely ran dom ized de sign with four rep li ca tions was ap pliedin this re search. Re sults of this study showed that tube ves sel was the most ap pro pri ate cul ture ves sel to growhyperhydritized-explants re vert ing to nor mal growth. The nor mal growth of them was in di cated by the low est per cent -age of hyperhydricity (42%), the high est leaf chlo ro phyll con tent (0.1377 mg/mg), the low est wa ter con tent (89%),and the high est dry weight of bio mass (11%) with good qual ity of shoots com pared to oth ers.

PERTUMBUHAN SETEK BERBAGAI KULTIVAR KRISAN (Chrysanthemum morifolium R.) PADA PEMBERIAN JENIS AUKSIN BERBEDA Rahman, Agus; Setyono, Setyono; Winarto, Budi
JURNAL AGRONIDA Vol 4, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Djuanda Bogor

This study aims to obtain qualified seedlings, and speed up the rooting of some varieties of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium R.) cuttings use synthetic and naturally plant growth regulator (auxin).Â Research results are expected to be an alternative method of application effective and environmentally friendly plant growth regulator. The research was conducted from March to April 2013 at the Research Institute of Ornamental Plants (Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias). The experimental design used is completely randomized design (CRD) factorial. The first factor is the type of auxin which consists of four levels ie control, indole acetic acid (IAA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), pregnant cow urine, and not pregnant cow urine. The second factor is the type of chrysanthemum varieties which consists of four levels ie spray type of Puspita Pelangi, spray type of Puspita Nusantara, standard type of Sakuntala, and standard type of Pasopati. The results showed that type of chrysanthemum cultivars and type of auxin not affected the percentage of live cuttings, percentage of rooted cuttings and percentage of sprouted cuttings. The cuttings root of plant that given by pregnant cow urine is better than other treatments. Cuttings root length, and number of primary root of Pasopati is better than other cultivars. The interaction influence between the type of auxin and chrysanthemum cultivars found only in the number of secondary roots, diameter of root and length of the shoot cuttings at 12 DAP.Keywords: Chrysanthemum morifolium R., cow urine, NAA, spray type

Improvement of Selected Induction Culture Media on Callus Induction in Anther Culture of Anthurium and a Histological Study on its Callus Formation Winarto, Budi; Mattjik, Nurhayati Ansori; Purwito, Agus; Marwoto, Budi
Jurnal Natur Indonesia Vol 12, No 2 (2010)
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Universitas Riau

Improvement of selected induction culture media on callus induction in anther culture of anthurium and a histologicalstudy on its callus formation were studied at the tissue culture laboratory of the Indonesian Ornamental CropsResearch Institute from February to October 2008. The objectives of the study were to optimize selected media forcallus formation, reveal cell origin of callus derived from anther culture and shoot formation process. Selectedmedia improved in the study were 1) MMS-TBN containing 0,5 mg/l TDZ, 1,0 mg/l BAP and 0,01 mg/l NAA (Winartomedium, WM) and 2) MMS III supplemented with 1,5 mg/l TDZ, 0,75 mg/l BAP and 0,02 mg/l NAA (Winarto andRachmawati medium, WRM). Improvement treatments were carried out by omission and application of 2,4-D in 0.5mg/l and reduction of medium strength of full, half, quarter, one eighth, one sixteenth, and zero strength. Afactorial experiment was arranged using a randomized complete block design with four replications. Results ofthis study indicated that the highest callus induction was clearly established in WRM. The medium stimulatedpotential growth of anther (PGA) up to 81% with 49% of percentage of anther regeneration (PAR) and 2.7 number ofcallus formed per replication (NCF). Significant improvement in callus formation was also recorded by reduction ofmedium strength of WRM to one eighth compared to others. The reduction induced PGA up to 58% with 29% of PARand 1.8 NCF. From histological studies it was well recognized that regenerated callus on half anthers cultured wasoriginated from middle layer cells of anther wall. The morphogenic response of anther wall cells caused primarilyon no androgenesis effect in microspore cells.

Respons Pembentukan Tunas Aksiler dan Adventif pada Kultur Anthurium secara In Vitro Winarto, Budi
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 17, No 1 (2007): Maret 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v17n1.2007.p%p

ABSTRAK. Perbanyakan bahan tanaman merupakan salah satu masalah penting dalam budidaya anthurium untuk tujuan komersial. Secara konvensional, tanaman ini diperbanyak melalui biji dan anakan, tetapi teknik ini memerlukan waktu dan proses yang lama hingga 3 tahun. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui respons pembentukan tunas aksiler dan adventif pada kultur anthurium secara in vitro. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias dari bulan Juli 2004 hingga Februari 2005. Variasi eksplan, seperti ruas batang kesatu dan kedua digunakan untuk induksi pembentukan tunas aksiler, sementara akar, hipokotil, dan daun muda digunakan untuk induksi tunas adventif. Eksplan-eksplan tersebut dipanen dari beberapa kultivar dan aksesi anthurium. Medium M2, M4, dan modifikasi medium M4 menggunakan 150 ml/l air kelapa, 2,5 mg/l 2,4-D, 2 g/l asam pantotenat, dan 50 ppm cefotaxim diuji dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan kultur jaringan anthurium dipengaruhi oleh kultivar, jenis, dan kondisi eksplan, dan media tumbuhnya. Tiap eksplan dan kultivar/aksesi memiliki kompatibilitas yang berbeda dengan medium tumbuhnya. Induksi tunas adventif merupakan teknik perbanyakan yang lebih potensial dan sesuai dikembangkan pada anthurium dibandingkan induksi tunas aksiler. M4 merupakan medium dasar yang potensial dan sesuai untuk dikembangkan pada perbanyakan anthurium secara in vitro. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi salah satu bahan pertimbangan dalam mengembangkan dan mengaplikasikan teknik kultur jaringan pada perbanyakan anthurium.ABSTRACT. Winarto, B. 2007. Response of Axillary and Adventitious Shoot Formation of In Vitro Anthurium Culture. Planting material propagation is one of important problems in anthurium cultivation for commercial purposes. Conventionally, the plant is generally propagated by seed and shoot, however those technique were time consuming. The objective of this experiment was to know response of axillary and adventitious shoot formation of in vitro anthurium culture. The experiment was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory, Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute from July 2004 to February 2005. Variation of explant such as first and second node was used for induction of axillary shoot formation, while young root, hypocotyl, and leaf were used for stimulating adventitious shoot regeneration. The explants harvested from several cultivars and accessions of anthurium. Media of M2, M4, and modified-M4 using150 ml/l coconut water, 2.5 mg/l 2,4-D, 2 g/l pantothenic acid, and 50 ppm cefotaxim were used in this experiment. Results of the study indicated that the success of anthurium tissue culture was affected by cultivars, explant type and condition, and growth medium. Each explant and cultivar had its compatibility to different growth media. Adventitious shoot formation was potential and suitable technique to be developed than axillary shoot proliferation. M4 was the appropriate and suitable basic medium that could be developed for in vitro propagation of anthurium. Results of this research could be expected as one of important consideration points in developing and applying tissue culture technique on anthurium propagation.

Letak Benih, Kultivar Pepaya, dan Pemacu Tumbuh dalam Perkecambahan Benih Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) Susila, Arif; Widyawati, Nugraheni; Winarto, Budi
Vegetalika Vol 13, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/veg.93892

Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) merupakan tanaman buah penting di Indonesia, namun ketersediaan tanaman berkualitas yang berasal dari benih terseleksi masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh letak benih, kultivar pepaya, dan pemacu tumbuh terhadap keberhasilan perkecambahan benih pepaya. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari Juli sampai dengan Desember 2023 di rumah kaca di Kelurahan Langensari, Ungaran Barat, Kabupaten Semarang. Letak benih dipanen dari bagian (1) ujung, (2) tengah dan (3) pangkal; tiga kultivar pepaya, yaitu: (1) Thailand, (2) Mojosongo, dan (3) California; tiga jenis pemacu adalah (1) ekstrak bawang merah (50 g/l), (2) GA3 (150 ppm), (3) Trichoderma viride (3 × 1014 konidia/ml), dan (4) air bersih (sebagai control) digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial dengan 3 ulangan, Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa benih yang dipanen dari 1/3 bagian tengah buah memiliki jumlah kecambah normal mencapai 67,1; 77% Potensi Daya Kecambah Benih (PDKB); 27.8% perkecambahan hari pertama (PHP); dan 8,3 nilai indeks kecambah (NIK). Pepaya California memiliki kecambah normal mencapai 76,7% benih; 88,0% daya kecambah benih; 43,7% perkecambahan hari pertama; dan 11,9 Indeks Daya Kecambah (IDK). Keunggulan papaya California dipertegas dari hasil percobaan kedua dengan kecambah normal mencapai 86,4; 88,5% PDKB; 3,6% PHP; dan 8,9 NIK. Perendaman benih dengan 150 ppm GA3 merupakan pemacu tumbuh yang terbaik dibanding pemacu tumbuh yang lain. Perlakuan ini meningkatkan persentase kecambah normal hingga 10%, 35,1% PHP; dan 10,2% NIK. Selanjutnya kombinasi California dan GA3 menghasilkan 92,3% kecambah normal dan 94,7% PDKB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan perkecambahan benih pepaya sangat dipengaruhi oleh kultivar pepaya, asal benih dan pemacu tumbuh yang digunakan.

Respon Antera Anthurium andreanum Linden ex André cv. Carnaval pada Medium dengan Berbagai Kombinasi Konsentrasi Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Winarto, Budi; Mattjik, Nurhayati A.
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 37 No. 2 (2009): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

Anther culture is one of technological breakthrough in producing homozygous lines, which is an important genetic resource in plant breeding programs. Response of anther in various regeneration media is one of important basic information in developing anther culture method. The objective of this research was to investigate callus formation and evaluate the potential of using this cultivar in developing anther culture of anthurium. Anthers, yellow and reddish callus derived from anther culture of A. andreanum cv. Carnaval were used in the study. Eight regeneration media i.e. MMS + (1) 0.5 mg/l TDZ + 0.01 mg/l NAA,( 2) 0.5 mg/l TDZ + 0.05 mg/l NAA, (3) 1.0 mg/l TDZ + 0.01 mg/l NAA, (4) 1.5 mg/l TDZ + 0.02 mg/l NAA, (5) 1.0 mg/l 2,4-D + 1.5 mg/l TDZ + 0.01 mg/l NAA,(6) 0.75 mg/l 2,4-D + 2.0 mg/l TDZ + 0.05 mg/l NAA, (7) 0.75 mg/l 2,4-D + 1.0 mg/l TDZ + 1.0 mg/l BAP + 0.01 mg/l NAA, and (8) 0.25 mg/l 2,4-D + 1.5 mg/l TDZ + 0.75 mg/l BAP +0.02 mg/l NAA for yellow and reddish callus were investigated in this research. Factorial experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with four replications. Results of this study indicated that callus formation was startedat ± 2.7 month after culture and observable by 3.5 month after culture. Average number of callus per anther was 3.6 per replication. Reddish callus grew faster than the yellow one. The callus cultured in MMS with 0.02 mg/l NAA gave high results of shoot initiation time , number of shoots primordia per explant, and average height of shoot primordial i.e. 8.5week, 10.8, and 0.78 cm respectively. Keywords: Anther culture, callus formation and regeneration, and medium

Respon 10 Varietas Krisan (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzelev) terhadap Dua Aplikasi Pemupukan di Lahan Terbuka Rahmawati, Ika; Winarto, Budi
Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) Vol. 44 No. 1 (2016): Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia
Publisher : Indonesia Society of Agronomy (PERAGI) and Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia

ABSTRACTCultivation of the chrysanthemum is usually carried out under the plastic-house to produce high quality flowers, but in some areas such as in Karo (North Sumatera), farmers have grown the plant in the open field using selected varieties for the same purpose. The study was aimed to assess responses of ten varieties of chrysanthemum toward two applications methods of fertilizer which was carried out in open-field at Segunung Experimental Garden, Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute (IOCRI) from July till December 2011. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. The main plot was ten chrysanthemum varieties of Besar Kuning, Merah Hati and Sakuntala; Besar Bandung, Berlian Putih, Matahari Kuning, Mata Kucing, Mata Dewa, Swarna Kencana and Puspita Nusantara. The subplot were two fertilizer applications methods, Karo and Balithi. Karo: manure 100 kg m-2 and 50 kg m-2 (in month 2), urea 30 g m-2 (in month 3) and Balithi: manure 20 ton ha-1, urea 200 kg ha-1, 350 kg KCl ha-1 dan 300 kg SP-36 ha-1, supplementary 1.5 g urea m-2, 6 g KNO3 dan 6 g SP-36 m-2. Both methods of applications can be applied to open field cultivation. Method of fertilizer application significantly affected stem diameter, intensity of disease infection and the time of flower initiation. The Balithi’s fertilizer application significantly reduced the intensity of rust disease on chrysanthemum, while Karo’s fertilizer application significantly increased stem diameter.Keywords: Chrysanthemum, open-field, two fertilization application, stem diameter, rust disease

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