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Pengaruh Penambahan Natrium Hipokhlorit Pada Proses Pembekuan Air Baku Es Batu Terhadap Penurunan Jumlah E coli Dadang Tri Wibowo; Lucky Herawati; Narto Narto
Sanitasi: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Vol. 3 No. 1 (2010): Agustus
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta

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Eschrerichia coli is used as a water contamination indicator which giving infor-mation about the possibility of water contamination by pathogenic microorga-nisms. For economic and practical reasons, the raw water used as the source of ice cube making sometimes are not boiled nor disinfected, therefore it is not safe to be consumed. To provide information on the applicability of natrium hypochloride (NaOCl )as an alternative disinfectant, this research is aimed to under-stand the decrease of MPN E. coli by using this chemical compound. This research is an experimental one with pre test-post test with control design. Data obtained from fifteen raw water sample is analysed descriptively as well as analytically by using paired sample t-test at 95% confidence level to com-pare the average differences between ice cube added by NaOCl and those which are not. It is concluded that the addition of NaOCl can reduce the MPN E. coli significantly (p<0,001), and the subsequent organoleptic test on the taste and odour of the two types of ice cube, shows that the disinfected ones is still acceptable to consumers .

Pengolahan Fitoremediasi Dengan Paku Air (Azolla microphylla) untuk Menurunkan Kadar BOD dan TSS Limbah Cair Rumah Makan Dewi Septiana Wati; Bambang Suwerda; Narto Narto
Sanitasi: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Vol. 3 No. 2 (2011): Februari
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta

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Activities at Timbul Roso Restaurant generate not only useful product but also causing negative impacts such as liquid waste which is potential to harm people’s health and pollute the environment if it is not adequately processed. The preliminary survey results on the liquid waste revealed that the BOD and TSS concentration were 538 mg/l and 470.50 mg/l respectively, or had not yet fulfilled the quality standard permitted by the Decree of Minister of Environment No. 112/2003 about Domestic Liquid Waste Quality Standards. This study was aimed to understand whether phytoremediation treatment with water ferns (Azolla microphylla) could reduce BOD and TSS concentration of Timbul Roso Restaurant’s liquid waste by doing an experimental study with pre-post test control group design. Samples was obtained by using time composite method among the different times sequence of the production process to homogenized the waste. Afterwards, sample were treated and examined in the laboratory to record both parameters. The result later analyzed descriptively and statistically by using one tail paired and independent t-test. The results showed that des-criptively, the average BOD concentration decreased from 1724 mg/l to 610,33 mg/l or 64,12 %; and the average TSS concentration decreased from 2018,67 mg/l to 100,33 mg/l or 95,28 %. The corresponding statistic tests showed significant confirmation, i.e. p=0,0075 for BOD and p=0,0055 for TSS. Based on the results, it can be concluded that Phytoremediation treatment with Azolla microphylla is able for reducing BOD and TSS concentration from the liquid waste, however both parameters still have not met the requisite standards.

Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Kecamatan Ngampilan Kota Yogyakarta Tahun 2011 Luis Anggraini; Narto Narto; Sri Puji Ganefati
Sanitasi: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Vol. 4 No. 2 (2012): November
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta

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Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by dengue virus and spread by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. Among the 14 kecamatans in Yogyakarta City, Ngampilan was one of the highest cases of DHF in 2011, i.e. 38 cases. This study was aimed to understand the factors related with those DHF incidence by conducting an obser-vational study employed case-control design with retrospective approach. The number of study subjects in both the case and control groups were 38. Data were obtained through interview and observation. Odds Ratio and logistic regression were used to analyse the data. Results from bi-variate analysis showed that among the observed variables, those which were significantly cor-related with DBD incidence were: the presence of mosquito larvae habitat, and age, attitude and prevention behavior of respondents. Furthermore, multivarite analysis revealed that the most do-minant factors were the existence of mosquito larvae habitat (OR=4,526, 95 % CI=1,352-13,372, p=0,006); and respondents’ age (OR=4,645, 95 % CI=1,263-17,088, p=0,021). People aged less than 15 years old and close with Aedes larvae’s habitat have probability of getting DBD as much as 31,32%.

Diseminasi Oleh Dokter Kecil tentang Penggunaan Hand Sanitizer Berbentuk Gel dan Spray untuk Menurunkan Angka Kuman Tangan Siswa SDN Demakijo I Di Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta Ana Rida Diana; Lilik Hendrarini; Narto Narto
Sanitasi: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Vol. 4 No. 3 (2013): Februari
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta

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Schools are educative institution whose function is for building, fostering and improving the qua-lity of human resources. The application of clean and healthy living behavior is very important to maintain the health of school aged children. One example of the application of that behavior is hand washing, nonetheless there are many schools that lack of hand washing facilities. Beside hand washing, hand sanitizer which has two types, i.e. gel and spray, is a material that can be used to reduce hand microbe number. The education on how to use the sanitizer among ele-mentary school students may be through their peer “little doctor”. This study was aimed to know the effect of information dissemination about hand sanitizer by the little doctor towards the de-crease of hand microbe number of SDN Demakijo I students in Gamping, Sleman. The study was an experiment which followed pre test and post test only design. There were 70 respon-dents who were sampled from grade III, IV and V of the school, and then they were divided into two groups so that each type of hand sanitizer had 35 respondents. The paired t-test yielded p values < 0,001 for both types of sanitizer, and therefore it was concluded that the two types significantly capable in reducing the microbe number. Furthermore, the independent t-test yield-ed a p value < 0,,001 which is meant that the microbe reduction between the two types was significantly different. Spray hand sanitizer was more effective because it was able to reduce 89,54 % of the microbe compared with only 69,90 % of the gel type.

Analisis Faktor Lingkungan Fisik dan Faktor Individu Terhadap Kejadian Stres Kerja Pada Pekerja Industri Cor Aluminium “WL” di Yogyakarta Carissa Riskiananda; Mohammad Mirza Fauzie; Narto Narto
Sanitasi: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Vol. 5 No. 3 (2014): Februari
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta

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Job stress is an early stage of the occurrence of a disease in individuals whose susceptible and may lead to psychosomatical, neurotical and psychosical disturbance that can be indicated by the increa-sing number of absentiisme, late for work, employement changing, work accident and the magnitude of company loss due to the absence of workers. A preliminary survey conducted in aluminium indus-try “WL’” in Yogyakarta City, revealed that most workers were experiencing job stress in moderate level and showed some complaints. The aim of this study is to understand the relationship between physical factors in work environment, which consisted of temperature, humidity, illumination, and noise; and age and working time of workers, with job stress incidence among that factory’s workers. The study was an observational analytical type with crosssectional survey design approached. The study population was all workers in the production section of the industry, and the subsequent 30 sample workers were obtained by using simple random sampling technique. The job stress were measured twice by HARS questionnaire, i.e. 15 minutes before and after working hour, meanwhile the measurement of physical condition was conducted during the working hours. The discrepancy between pre-test and post-test stress score mesurement were analysed to find out it’s relationship with all the independet variables by using correlation test at 95 % level of confidence. The results showed that the all six factors under study were significantly related with job stress, as follows: tem-perature (r=0,655; p<0,001), humidity (r=0,349; p=0,029), illumination (r=0,426, p= 0,009), noise (r= 0,327; p=0,039), age(r=0,418; p=0,011), and working time (r=0,329; p=0,038).

Efektivitas Penerapan Disinfektan Alami Campuran Serbuk Kulit Nanas dan Arang Aktif dalam Menurunkan Jumlah Bakteri Coliform Pada Air Bersih Shinta Nur Atikah; Narto Narto; Lilik Hendrarini
Sanitasi: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Vol. 8 No. 2 (2016): November
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta

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Coliform bacteria is an indicator of fecal water contamination. The number of coliform bacteria in water can cause illness in humans who consume the water. One of the efforts to decrease it is by using disinfectants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of natu-ral disinfectant made from the mixture of pine-apple peels powder and activated charcoal for decreasing MPN Coliform in water. The study was a pre-experiment with one group pre-test post-test design. There were three variation of the disinfectants, i.e. 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 ratios, in two exposure times, and each was applied to 5 liters of coliform contaminated water, in three replications. The examination of water were conducted in Microbiology Laboratory of Environ-mental Health Department of Yogyakarta Polytechnic of Health. The result of statistical analysis by using paired t-test at ? 0,05 obtained a p value of 0,003; which means that the pre-test and post-test of the MPN Coliform were significantly different. The subsequent results by one way anova test at same ?, for 30 minutes exposure the obtained p-value was 0,249; and for 60 minutes exposure the p-value was 0,724. It means that the post-test examination of MPN Coli-form among the doses and time variations were not signifcantly different. Based on the results it can be concluded that the mixture of pineapple peels powder and activated charcoal as natural disinfectant affects the decrease pf MPN Coliform in water. However, the reduction differences among the three doses and the two exposure times under study were not significant.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Nangka (Jerami) sebagai Atraktan Lalat pada Flytrap Okti Dwi Wulansari; Sarjito Eko Windarso; Narto Narto
Sanitasi: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Vol. 9 No. 3 (2018): Februari
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta

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Flies are vector in the spreading of some diseases among humans. The diseases can be transmitted through mechanical transmission, i.e. via the adherent of fly’s body part, such as proboscis, and then spreaded to healthy people by means of contaminated substances (food, drinks,and water). One of the efforts to control flies is using physical-mechanical-physiological technique, e.g. by using flytrap with attractant. One of substances that can be utilized as fly attractant is jackfruit straw waste because of its sweet aroma. This study was aimed to identify themost effective weight of jack-fruit straw waste for catching flies, and to know the number of trapped flies in each weight attractant (5,50 gr; 27,50 gr; and 55,50 gr). This study was an experiment with post test only control group design. The experiment was conducted by placing fourflytraps in a row, consisted of three treatment groups and one group as control, in three replications. The result of this study shows that the average number of trapped flies for 5,50 gr attractant weight variation was 47; for 27,50 gr was 76; for 55,35 gr was 102; and for the control groupwas 12. The statistical result using one way anova at ? = 0,05 obtained p-value < 0,001; whichmeans that the adding of attractant of jackfruit straw waste (straw) significantly affect the number of trapped flies on flytrap. The subsequent LSD test found that the most effective weight attractant was 55,35 gr.

Filter Resin Kation Pelunak Air Sadah Sumur Gali Winarni Kristanti; Narto Narto; Muryoto Muryoto
Sanitasi: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Vol. 9 No. 3 (2018): Februari
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta

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Water quality which is not met the standard can cause disturbance and health problems. Waterthat contain high hardness can lead to soap wastefulness, forming precipitation and cookwarecrust, and become one of the risk factors for kidney failure. Various ways can be applied to reduce water hardness, one of which is filtration using ion exchange media. The ion exchangemedia used in this study is cation resin. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect ofcation resin thickness variation at filter on the decrease of well water hardness. This researchwas an experiment with pre-test post-test with control group design, and was conducted in January 2018, located in Pereng hamlet of, Bumirejo, Lendah, Kulon Progo Regency. The datawere analysed using one way anova. The average water hardness before processing was 460mg/l, while the mean decrease in the control group was 42,66 mg/l; in P1 group was 197,33 mg/l, in P2 group was 197,33 mg/l, and in P3 group was 197,33 mg/l. The results of data analysisshowed that the thickness variations of cation resin influence the decrease of well water hardness in the control group, and P1, P2, and P3 groups (p-value <0,001). The most effective cation resin thickness is the P3 group, i.e. filter with 11 cm thickness cation resin.

Efektivitas Berbagai Media Saring untuk Menurunkan Kesadahan di Desa Kalisari Kecamatan Rowokele Kabupaten Kebumen Ari Rahmawati; Narto Narto; Haryono Haryono
Sanitasi: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Vol. 9 No. 4 (2018): Mei
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta

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Water is an environmental component that has prominent role for life. Based on the regulationissued by MoH No.416/ Menkes/Per/IIX/1990 about Requirements and Control of Clean WaterQuality, one of the chemical criterions is no chemical CaCO3 or water hardness. Hard water cancause renal impairment due to accumulation of CaCO3 and MgCO3 deposits inside human body.Ketapang leaf, chinese teak leaf and papaya root are example of the plants that contain naturalresin compounds that can be used as a reducer for water hardness.The purpose of this studywas to determine the decrease of hardness level after the water were treated by applying thosevarious filter media, by conducting true experiment with pre-test post-test with control group design. The study site was in Kalisari Village of Rowokele District of Kebumen Regency. The fivetreatment groups under study were: filtration A (ketapang leaves), filtration B (chinese teak leaves), filtration C (papaya roots, filtration D (resin zeolite), and filtration E (without filter media) ascontrol. There were five replications. The controlled confounding variables were: season, flowdischarge, contact time and faucet outlet. Analysis result by using one way anova test gained ap-value <0,001; which means that, statistically, the hardness yielded by filtration treatment ofvarious media types is significant-ly different. The subsequent LSD test shows that the mosteffective filtration media is papaya roots, and followed by resin zeolit, chinese teak leaves, ketapang leaves, and the control.

Perbedaan Dua Jenis Handscrub dalam Menurunkan Angka Kuman Tangan Perawat Ruang Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogykarta Yuka Lathifah Dinar; Narto Narto; Bambang Suwerda
Sanitasi: Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Vol. 2 No. 3 (2009): Agustus
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta

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The failure to conduct hands’ hygiene and health of medical personnels are considered and had been recognised as one of the main factors of nosocomialinfection in health service facilities. The study was aimed to understand the difference ability in decreasing hand bacteria number between two types of handscrub, ie. liquid soap and glycerine alcohol. The participants in this study were 28 sampled nurses from pedriatic intensice care unit of Dr Sardjito General Hospital. They were then separated into two treatment groups. The experiment used pre-test post-test design. The hand bacteria were sampled, managed and examined by following the standard procedure. The results showed that liquid soap could reduce 69,61% of the bacteria, meanwhileglycerine alcohol was 62,09%. The further statistical t test proved that the difference was significant (p-value 0,037). It is advised that liquid soap is bestused for rooms that need sterile condition and do not produce proteins, fatty acids and phospate compounds which can reduce its ef-fectiveness.

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