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Usulan Perbaikan Tata Letak Fasilitas Produksi Kursi Roda dengan CRAFT Theresia Sunarni; Kristoforus Jawa Bendi; Dominikus Budiarto
Widya Teknik Vol. 19 No. 1 (2020): May
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/wt.v19i1.2327

Abstract

Material handling activities are important to consider in setting the engine layout on the production floor. Poor material flow regulation will have an impact on the distance and material handling costs. Over time, product variations and demand have increasingly demanded that PT SPU expand the production area and add machines that have resulted in the need to improve facility layout design. The CRAFT algorithm looks for optimum design by gradually improving the layout and evaluating the layout by exchanging location of the department to reduce the cost of material transfer. The results of the redesign with the CRAFT algorithm showed a decrease in material handling costs by 18.86%.
Mapping Potential Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) Based on Ergo-MMH in Manual Material Handling of TBS Loading-Unloading Workers Setiawan, Heri; Susanto, Sani; Rinamurti, Micheline; Alfian, Achmad; Pratama, Yohanes Dicka; Budiarto, Dominikus
Jurnal Improsci Vol 3 No 1 (2025): Vol 3 No 1 August 2025
Publisher : Ann Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62885/improsci.v3i1.855

Abstract

Background, The prospect of oil palm plantations is currently rising significantly to become a favourite business. However, the work activities of TBS loading-unloading workers are still performed without paying attention to ergonomic aspects and have the potential for MSDs. Aim: To map the potential MSDs of TBS loading-unloading workers, serving as a basis for improving the work system. Methods: The inclusion sample of TBS loading-unloading workers was observed and interviewed using the NBM questionnaire to diagnose potential MSDs resulting from MMH work activities. Ergo-MMH was applied to provide recommendations for improving work system design based on the AT and SHIP approaches. Results: The primary causes of MSDs are unnatural working attitudes and excessive muscle tension resulting from work systems that are not designed per the limitations of workers. Twelve body parts are directly involved in MMH activities. Conclusions, Possible MSDs on the back, left and right shoulders, right and left upper arms, right forearm, left and right wrists, left and right hands, and upper and lower neck. Implication, Ergo-MMH-based mapping of potential MSDs in manual material handling activities of TBS loading-unloading workers for the academic world; research, theory development, and education. For society, public awareness, community development, and social support. For the nation and state, work safety, economic growth, and public health. For the international community, international collaboration, standards development, and technology development
Work System Improvement in the Production Process Station Area PT SMS Using Macro Ergonomics and Design (MEAD) to Increase Productivity Setiawan, Heri; Susanto, Sani; Rinamurti, Micheline; Alfian, Achmad; Pratama, Yohanes Dicka; Budiarto, Dominikus
Jurnal Improsci Vol 3 No 2 (2025): Vol 3 No 2 October 2025
Publisher : Ann Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62885/improsci.v3i2.939

Abstract

Background. PT SMS produces bottled drinking water (amdk) in gallons and cups with Vit and Forme brands for gallon packaging and Airnes, Forma, and OK Oce brands in cup packaging. In identifying the problem at PT SMS, it was found that the work system is not well-designed and lacks ergonomics at several workstations, which has an impact on achieving less than optimal daily productivity. The output per work shift set by the company is 2,100 gallons and 3,150 boxes for cup packaging, but in fact, it can only produce approximately 2,050 gallons and 3,000 boxes. Aim. Analyze the factors that cause the work system to be less effective and less ergonomic. The formulation of work system factors encompasses physical work environment factors, equipment, infrastructure, machinery, workload factors, and organisational factors. Methods. The Macro Ergonomic Analysis and Design (MEAD) method is used to identify factors that affect the work system and then implement improvements and design changes based on the identified factors. Results. Physical work environment factors and organisational factors are problems within the work system at PT SMS, as the workspace designated for the production workflow lacks ergonomic support for employees' postures while working, and task management is inadequate. The machinery has not been crafted based on the anthropometric measurements of the workers. Oversight is absent for the work being done, and the standard time required for the production process has yet to be established. So that it increases productivity per work shift at PT. SMS is not optimal and experiences over time. Conclusions. Redesign of physical work environment facilities, scheduling of rest periods, and organisational factors through supervision from PT SMS resulted in output per shift meeting the standards set by the company.. Implication. The application of MEAD can identify factors that cause suboptimal productivity. Redesigning ergonomic physical work environment facilities, scheduling rest periods, and supervisory organisational factors within the company have an impact on optimising productivity, as measured by the output per shift set by the company
Application of the Ergo-Office ROSA Method to Assess Work Posture Risks in MSME Workers in South Sumatra Province: Implications for Occupational Health Setiawan, Heri; Susanto, Sani; Rinamurti, Micheline; Alfian, Achmad; Pratama, Yohanes Dicka; Budiarto, Dominikus
Jurnal Medisci Vol 3 No 1 (2025): Vol 3 No 1 August 2025
Publisher : Ann Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62885/medisci.v3i1.942

Abstract

Background: Computers are the main devices that support the efficiency and effectiveness of work in modern office environments, including MSMEs in South Sumatra Province. However, long-term use of computers with unergonomic sitting postures can increase the risk of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs) in workers. The results of preliminary observations showed that the percentage of variation in WMSD complaints was between 13%-42% of the total work-related diseases related to computers. Aim: This study aims to identify muscle complaints experienced by workers, analyze the risk of working posture using ergonomic methods, and provide suggestions for improvements to minimize the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: This study uses the Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) method to assess the risk of computerized and sitting activity-based work postures. In addition, Nordic Body Map was used to map the location of muscle complaints in respondents. The study was conducted on 20 workers in four MSMEs in South Sumatra Province who worked with high computer intensity. Results: The analysis showed that all four respondents had a high level of occupational posture risk based on the ROSA score. A total of 36 muscle complaints were reported, with the most complaints located in the lower neck, waist, and buttocks. The main factors causing complaints include prolonged static sitting positions and inadequate adjustment of work facilities. Conclusions: The work posture of MSME workers in South Sumatra Province indicates a level of ergonomic risks that requires serious attention. Interventions such as improving work facilities and training in correct work posture are highly recommended. Implementation. These findings affirm the importance of applying ergonomic principles in computer-based work environments to prevent WMSDs, improve work comfort, and support the productivity of government sector workers.
Prototype Design of Ergo-Flexibility Wheelchair Based on Stakeholder Technical Requirements, Zachman Framework Approach, and Nigel Cross Method Integration Setiawan, Heri; Budiyanto, Tri; Rinamurti, Micheline; Budiarto, Dominikus; Dicka Pratama, Yohanes; Alfian, Achmad
Spektrum Industri Vol. 23 No. 2 (2025): Spektrum Industri - October 2025
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/si.v23i2.356

Abstract

The increasing demand for ergonomic and flexible wheelchairs in Indonesia highlights the need for innovation that meets both user needs and national standards. Most wheelchairs circulating in the domestic market are low-cost imported products that do not comply with the ISO 7176 series SNI 09-4663-1998 medical device standard, leading to concerns over safety and quality assurance. This study aims to design an ergo-flexibility wheelchair prototype based on stakeholder technical requirements while identifying gaps in the existing standards to improve product competitiveness and user protection. The research integrates the Zachman Framework according to the FACTS stages with the Nigel Cross seven-step design method. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and participatory ergonomics focus group discussions. The data analysis employed the Inter-Rater Reliability (IRR) method to determine stakeholder agreement levels. The findings identified seven key technical parameters, stability, maneuverability, mobility, dimensions, strength, durability, and product information, that are essential for wheelchair standardization. The mapping analysis revealed that the current SNI standard primarily emphasizes product strength through drop testing, while other ergonomic and safety factors remain unaddressed. From the evaluation of three design alternatives, Alternative 2 was selected, featuring aluminum material, dimensions of 1000 mm (L), 620 mm (W), and 910 mm (H), a foldable transport design, semi-manual manufacturing, and a weight of 12 kg with an 80 kg load capacity. Prototype testing using a roll machine and static load confirmed its structural reliability and ergonomic performance. The research contributes to advancing national wheelchair standards by integrating stakeholder-driven design parameters, promoting local innovation, and enhancing the competitiveness of Indonesian medical devices.
Assessing Waste Potential and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Existing Waste Management Systems: A Case Study of Palembang City South Sumatera of Indonesia Setiawan, Heri; Bangun, Ferdinandus; Budiarto, Dominikus; Pratama, Yohanes Dicka
Jurnal Improsci Vol 3 No 3 (2025): Vol 3 No 3 December 2025
Publisher : Ann Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62885/improsci.v3i3.965

Abstract

Background, Palembang City South Sumatera of Indonesia faces serious waste challenges, generating about 983-1,200 tons daily, 35% plastic and under 10% recycled. Improper disposal drives methane emissions and climate impacts. This study explores low-cost waste-to-energy (WtE) strategies to cut emissions, support a circular economy, and empower communities through sustainable, participatory waste management. Aim, This study analyzes Palembang’s waste generation and GHG emissions to support sustainable and efficient waste management strategies. Methods, This study used mixed methods to assess Palembang’s waste management and emissions, conducted from July-October 2025, data from key stakeholders were analyzed using IPCC Tier 1 Guidelines to compare baseline and intervention scenarios for sustainable community solutions. Results, The analysis revealed that Palembang City South Sumatera of Indonesia generates approximately 1,000 tons of municipal solid waste per day, with organic waste (56%) and plastic waste (24%) as the dominant fractions. Current waste treatment processes, mainly open dumping and limited composting, result in an estimated carbon emission of 420-460 tons CO₂-eq per day. Scenario modeling indicated that implementing a low-cost waste-to-energy (WtE) system and community-based segregation programs could reduce emissions by up to 55%, while generating additional energy potential of 7-9 MWh per day. These findings demonstrate the significant potential of an integrated waste management approach to simultaneously mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and enhance energy recovery in Palembang. Conclusions, Palembang generates 983-1,200 tons of waste daily, mostly food (40.8%) and plastic (20.4%), with 60% sent to Sukawinatan and 40% to Kramasan landfills. Management still relies on open dumping, causing methane emissions of 2,352.9 tons (65,888.2 tons CO₂-eq) valued at about IDR 1.97 trillion. These results underscore the need for integrated, sustainable waste-to-energy (WtE) solutions. Implication, The study guides policymakers in developing low-cost, sustainable waste management through community-based waste-to-energy (WtE) initiatives that reduce emissions and support a circular, resilient city.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR WORK SYSTEM ASSESSMENT OF SNI 9001: 2008 IMPLEMENTATION BASED ON MACRO ERGONOMICS AT PT SPU Heri Setiawan; Muhammad Yusuf; Micheline Rinamuti; Dominikus Budiarto; Yohanes Dicka Pratama; Achmad Alfian
Logic : Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi Vol. 25 No. 2 (2025): July
Publisher : Unit Publikasi Ilmiah, P3M, Politeknik Negeri Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31940/logic.v25i2.126-131

Abstract

The increasingly intense competition, the number of customer choice options and the more selective customers in choosing medical equipment products require PT SPU as one of the Indonesian National Medical Device (Alkes) industry engaged in the production process of medical devices and rehabilitation to always improve a better work system. To improve product quality PT SPU has implemented the SNI ISO 9001: 2008 Quality Management System which contains standard requirements used to measure the organisation's ability to meet customer requirements and appropriate regulations. The purpose of this research is to identify and assess how much influence each component of the work system has on the satisfaction of customers, employees and leaders. The method used is Macro Ergonomics. The magnitude of the contribution of the work assessment process of SNI ISO 9001: 2008 implementation to the influence of significant macro ergonomic aspects on organisational conditions (52.45%), physical environment (37.37%), production processes (12.53%), infrastructure (9.69%), production process services (5.90%), and R&D activities (2.82%).(3) Proposed recommendations for improving organisational conditions by confirming the roles and responsibilities of each person so that there are no undisciplined employees between sections, improving communication. Physical work environment by rearranging the place and rejuvenating production process support tools that are not ergonomic and have been damaged, redesigning a conducive and comfortable work environment. Production process improvements including employees actively communicating with each other and development of standard operating procedures (SOPs) with legacy competencies through knowledge transfer. Improvements to Facilities and Infrastructure by adding air conditioning, such as blower/exhaust ventilators, and sufficient room ventilation. Improvements to R&D: by facilitating employee exchanges for R&D activities, training, technical guidance, and experience exchange; increasing access to cooperation with government and private organisations.
Redesign of Patient Wheelchair Type SM-8018 Based on Ergo-Total Function Deployment (ETFD) Integration Heri Setiawan; Muhammad Yusuf; Micheline Rinamuti; Dominikus Budiarto; Yohanes Dicka Pratama; Achmad Alfian
Logic : Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi Vol. 25 No. 3 (2025): November
Publisher : Unit Publikasi Ilmiah, P3M, Politeknik Negeri Bali

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31940/logic.v25i3.175-185

Abstract

Manual wheelchairs remain widely used in Indonesian health-care facilities, yet their design often does not fully accommodate local anthropometric characteristics and work patterns. The SM-8018 patient wheelchair used at PT SPU is operated by caregivers, exposing both patients and caregivers to potential ergonomic risks. This study aims to evaluate and redesign the SM-8018 wheelchair using an integrated Ergo-Total Function Deployment (ETFD) and House of Ergonomics (HoE) approach within a Total Ergonomics framework. A pre–post experimental design was applied involving 32 adult users and caregivers with at least six months of experience using or pushing the SM-8018. Data collection included anthropometric measurements, musculoskeletal complaints using the Nordic Body Map (NBM), subjective fatigue using the Japan Association of Industrial Health (JAIH) questionnaire, boredom scores, satisfaction using the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) and voice of customers (VoC). VoC and ergonomic findings were mapped into a HoE matrix to derive priority design specifications through ETFD. Results showed notable mismatches between user anthropometry and key wheelchair dimensions, particularly seat depth and width, backrest and headrest height and angle, and push-handle height, which were associated with high levels of discomfort in the lower back, buttocks, shoulders and upper arms and with considerable fatigue. The ETFD–HoE analysis identified four primary redesign priorities: adjustment of push-handle height, optimisation of backrest and headrest geometry, refinement of seat dimensions and improvement of front-wheel stability. Pre–post comparisons indicated that musculoskeletal complaints and fatigue remained relatively high and in some cases increased, whereas boredom and satisfaction tended to change in a more favourable direction. These findings suggest that the first iteration of the SM-8018 redesign, although guided by Total Ergonomics principles, requires further refinement and system-level support. Nonetheless, the study demonstrates the feasibility of integrating ETFD, HoE and Total Ergonomics to systematically guide the improvement of low-cost hospital wheelchairs in the Indonesian context.