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World Trade Organization, Negara Berkembang dan Special and Diferrential Treatment Kinanti, Fatma Muthia
Pandecta: Research Law Journal Vol 10, No 1 (2015): Pandecta June 2015
Publisher : Semarang State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/pandecta.v10i1.4193

Perdagangan bebas menjadi isu yang semakin menguat dalam pergaulan global saat ini. Berbagai perjanjian baik multilateral, regional dan bilateral yang mengatur mengenai penekanan hambatan perdagangan semakin banyak. WTO sebagai peraturan induk dan merupakan sumber hukum utama dari perdagangan bebas telah berjalan selama lebih dari satu dekade. Sejak pembentukan WTO terbukti bahwa partisipas masyarakat internasional dalam perdagangan global semakin meningkat. Namun, beberapa kritik muncul terutama dari negara berkembang yang merasa belum mendapatkan manfaat dari perdagangan bebas. Isu ini kemudian muncul dalam negosiasi WTO yang menghasilkan konsep Special and Differential Treatment (SDT) yang diadopsi dalam ketentuan-ketentuan WTO. Penelitian ini mengangkat tema besar mengenai ketentuan-ketentuan dan kerjasama WTO yang mencerminkan perdagangan bebas dan kaitannya dengan negara berkembang. Beberapa hal yang disorot adalah bagaimana pengaturan dalam WTO terkait perlakuan berbeda (Special and Differentiated Treatment) yang diberikan kepada negara-negara berkembang. Selain itu penelitian ini difokuskan juga untuk menganalisis diferensiasi antara negara-negara berkembang dalam WTO. Kemudian, analisis difokuskan terhadap peran dan dampak Doha Development dan Bali Round terkait negara berkembang terutama di sektor agrikultur dan dampak adanya diferensiasi dari negara berkembang.Free trade is an issue that has gained strength in todayâs global society. Various multilateral treaties, regional and bilateral governing the suppression of trade barriers more. WTO as a central rule and is the main legal source of free trade has been running for more than a decade. Since the establishment of the WTO proved that the participation and the international community in global trade is increasing. However, some criticism arose primarily from developing countries that have not benefited from free trade. This issue arises in WTO negotiations that resulted in the concept of Special and Differential Treatment (SDT), which was adopted in the WTO provisions. This study raised the major themes of the provisions of the WTO and cooperation that reflects the free trade and its relation to developing countries. Some of the things highlighted was how the settings related to differential treatment in the WTO granted to developing countries. In addition, research is focused also to analyze the differentiation between developing countries in the WTO. Then, the analysis focused on the role and impact of the Doha Development Round and Bali related to developing countries, particularly in the agricultural sector and the impact of the differentiation of developing countries.

WHEN ARBITRATION AND BANKRUPTCY COLLIDE: REGULATION IN INDONESIA Kinanti, Fatma Muthia
TANJUNGPURA LAW JOURNAL Vol 1, No 2 (2017): VOLUME 1 ISSUE 2, JULY 2017
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Tanjungpura University

The growing practice of business in Indonesia directly affects the complexity of business-related disputes. It also often leads to a cross-over between two different legal areas. Settlement of a dispute which have or at least intersect a public nature can become a tricky subject given the contractual nature of arbitration. One of the issues which will then become the basis for this article is the link between arbitration and bankruptcy. More specifically, what if one party in a civil dispute arises from a contract that contain an arbitration clause declared bankrupt? This issue has become so common in the practice, but the jurisprudence shows different views in these matters. The method used in this research is normative juridical research with conceptual approach. The regulations in another countries are also provided to give a comparative value. The conclusion found in this article is that the Core/Non-core Concept adopted in several countries can be applied in Indonesia as the regulation itself supported it.

World Trade Organization, Negara Berkembang dan Special and Diferrential Treatment Kinanti, Fatma Muthia
Pandecta Research Law Journal Vol 10, No 1 (2015): June
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/pandecta.v10i1.4193

Perdagangan bebas menjadi isu yang semakin menguat dalam pergaulan global saat ini. Berbagai perjanjian baik multilateral, regional dan bilateral yang mengatur mengenai penekanan hambatan perdagangan semakin banyak. WTO sebagai peraturan induk dan merupakan sumber hukum utama dari perdagangan bebas telah berjalan selama lebih dari satu dekade. Sejak pembentukan WTO terbukti bahwa partisipas masyarakat internasional dalam perdagangan global semakin meningkat. Namun, beberapa kritik muncul terutama dari negara berkembang yang merasa belum mendapatkan manfaat dari perdagangan bebas. Isu ini kemudian muncul dalam negosiasi WTO yang menghasilkan konsep Special and Differential Treatment (SDT) yang diadopsi dalam ketentuan-ketentuan WTO. Penelitian ini mengangkat tema besar mengenai ketentuan-ketentuan dan kerjasama WTO yang mencerminkan perdagangan bebas dan kaitannya dengan negara berkembang. Beberapa hal yang disorot adalah bagaimana pengaturan dalam WTO terkait perlakuan berbeda (Special and Differentiated Treatment) yang diberikan kepada negara-negara berkembang. Selain itu penelitian ini difokuskan juga untuk menganalisis diferensiasi antara negara-negara berkembang dalam WTO. Kemudian, analisis difokuskan terhadap peran dan dampak Doha Development dan Bali Round terkait negara berkembang terutama di sektor agrikultur dan dampak adanya diferensiasi dari negara berkembang.Free trade is an issue that has gained strength in todayâ€™s global society. Various multilateral treaties, regional and bilateral governing the suppression of trade barriers more. WTO as a central rule and is the main legal source of free trade has been running for more than a decade. Since the establishment of the WTO proved that the participation and the international community in global trade is increasing. However, some criticism arose primarily from developing countries that have not benefited from free trade. This issue arises in WTO negotiations that resulted in the concept of Special and Differential Treatment (SDT), which was adopted in the WTO provisions. This study raised the major themes of the provisions of the WTO and cooperation that reflects the free trade and its relation to developing countries. Some of the things highlighted was how the settings related to differential treatment in the WTO granted to developing countries. In addition, research is focused also to analyze the differentiation between developing countries in the WTO. Then, the analysis focused on the role and impact of the Doha Development Round and Bali related to developing countries, particularly in the agricultural sector and the impact of the differentiation of developing countries.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF STATES SPONSORING PERSONS AND ENTITIES WHO CONDUCT ACTIVITIES IN THE INTERNATIONAL SEABED AREA Kinanti, Fatma Muthia
Indonesian Journal of International Law
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (678.779 KB)

The exploitation of seabed has been regulated in the international sea law regime, namely in UNCLOS 1982 and in its modification regulations, the 1994 Implementing Agreement. This regime regulates the sponsorship mechanism whereby companies wishing to carry out activities in the international seabed must cooperate with states participating in UNCLOS 1982. In addition to providing obligations to companies, the international sea law regime also imposes obligations on the sponsoring state. This obligation is related to the steps that the participating states must take to ensure that no violations or damage occur during the project. This article will discuss the legal relationship between the contractor and the sponsoring state, specifically the extent to which the sponsoring state is responsible for the activities of the sponsoring contractor in the ISBA region. To answer this question, the following will be examined: the provisions of the international maritime legal framework, UNCLOS 1982 and related international regulations and examine jurisprudence in related cases, especially in the Advisory Opinion provided by ITLOS in the cases of Responsibilities and Obligations of States sponsoring persons and entities with respect to activities in ISBA (2010). It was found that the international legal framework regulates the state’s responsibility to ensure that no violations or damage occur during these activities. The Advisory Opinion then provided specific restrictions on the extent to which the “responsibility to ensure” must be carried out by the state and whether the state may be liable to pay losses due to damage caused by the activities.

Penyelesaian Sengketa Bisnis dalam Kerangka Belt and Road Initiative Wiko, Garuda; Kinanti, Fatma Muthia
Pandecta Research Law Journal Vol 16, No 2 (2021): December
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/pandecta.v16i2.30347

Inisiatif kejasama internasional yang diinisiasi oleh Negara Cina yang disebut Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) dikembangkan untuk mewujudkan integrasi ekonomi wilayah Eurasia. Kerjasama ini pada akhirnya memunculkan hubungan hukum yang kompleks antara berbagai entitas baik pada tataran publik maupun privat. Dalam taraf privat, kerjasama maupun proyek yang melibatkan pihak yang berasal dari berbagai kewarganegaraan serta bidang sengketa yang beragam dalam kerangka BRI akan memberikan permasalahan tersendiri. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aspek penyelesaian sengketa khusus dalam bidang bisnis pada kerangka BRI. Mengingat luasnya ruang lingkup permasalahan hukum yang terkait dengan BRI maka pembahasan akan dibatasi agar lebih fokus yakni menganalisa kerjasama BRI dari konteks penyelesaian sengketa. Ditemukan terdapat beberapa pilihan penyelesaian sengketa yang dapat dipilih oleh para pihak yang terlibat dalam Proyek BRI yakni Bentuk Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa yang bersifat non-adjudikatif seperti negosiasi maupun mediasi, pengadilan nasional, China’s International Commercial Courts (CICC), forum arbitrase nasional, arbitrase internasional. Indonesia merupakan negara mitra yang penting dalam implementasi BRI. Untuk itu, Indonesia perlu memperhatikan sumber hukum internasional yang mendukung proses penyelesaian sengketa yang bersifat transnasional. International cooperation initiated by China called the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was developed to realize economic integration from Eurasia. The implementation of this initiative includes cooperation in strategic areas that are very comprehensive. This cooperation ultimately gave rise to complex legal relationships between various entities at both the public and private levels. At the private level, collaborations and projects involving parties of various nationalities as well as various dispute areas within the BRI framework will present significant issues. This article aims to examine aspects of dispute resolution specific to the business sector under the BRI framework. It was found that there are several dispute resolution options that can be chosen by the parties involved in the BRI Project, namely non-adjudicative alternative forms of dispute resolution such as negotiation or mediation, national courts, China's International Commercial Courts (CICC), national arbitration forums, international arbitration. Indonesia is an important partner country in the implementation of BRI. For this reason, Indonesia needs to pay attention to international legal sources that support transnational dispute resolution processes.

ELIMINATION OF NON-TARIFF BARRIERS OF TRADE IN GOODS IN THE ASEAN REGION: WILL IT EVER WORK? Wiko, Garuda; Kinanti, Fatma Muthia
Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Within the framework of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), there is a mandate to promote trade liberalization with the aim of increasing intra-ASEAN trade. The realization of the AEC includes the existence of the free flow of goods, services and investments within the ASEAN region. In terms of trade in goods, the regulations within the AEC framework are intended to promote the establishment of single markets and production bases in the ASEAN region that does not only require the elimination of tariff barriers, but also non-tariff barriers.This article concludethat the NTB Regulations in the AEC 2015 are not very well implemented proven by the increase amount of NTMs imposed by ASEAN countries. It was found that several initiatives have been formulated in the AEC Blueprint 2025 in order to further eliminate non-tarrif barriers.

DISEMINASI HAK-HAK EKONOMI, SOSIAL DAN BUDAYA SEBAGAI BAGIAN DARI HAK ASASI MANUSIA DI DESA MEKAR SARI KABUPATEN KUBU RAYA Erwin, Erwin; Bangun, Budi Hermawan; Kinanti, Fatma Muthia; Itasari, Endah Rantau; Thomas, Silvester; Arsensius, Arsensius
Teaching and Learning Journal of Mandalika (Teacher) e- ISSN 2721-9666 Vol. 5 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Institut Penelitian dan Pengembangan Mandalika Indonesia (IP2MI)

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Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) merupakan deklarasi hukum yang mencakup segala kebutuhan manusia untuk hidup secara utuh. Deklarasi Universal Hak Asasi Manusia (DUHAM) tetap menjadi dasar bagi banyak instrumen hak asasi manusia internasional. Upaya untuk memperluas pemahaman tentang hak asasi manusia perlu dilakukan secara terus-menerus di setiap wilayah geografis dan pada berbagai tingkatan masyarakat. Secara khusus, hak-hak ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya harus diperhatikan sebagai bagian dari hak asasi manusia termasuk di Desa Mekar Sari Kabupaten Kubu Raya. Hasil diseminasi dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara keseluruhan, hak asasi manusia (HAM) adalah pernyataan hukum yang komprehensif dan menyeluruh. Semua hak asasi, baik sipil, budaya, ekonomi, sosial, maupun politik, diakui sebagai hak universal. Pandangan hidup dan kepribadian bangsa Indonesia, yang merupakan kristalisasi nilai-nilai luhur bangsa, menempatkan manusia pada kedudukan tinggi sebagai makhluk Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, dengan kesadaran akan kodratnya sebagai individu dan makhluk sosial, sebagaimana tercantum dalam Pembukaan dan Batang Tubuh Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Upaya memperluas pemahaman tentang hak asasi manusia harus terus dilakukan di setiap wilayah geografis dan pada berbagai tingkatan masyarakat, khususnya mengenai hak-hak ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya sebagai bagian dari hak asasi manusia.

Interaction Between the Protection of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and Foreign Investment: Regulation in Indonesia Kinanti, Fatma Muthia; Wiko, Garuda; Nurbani, Erlies Septiana
Padjadjaran Journal of International Law Vol. 7 No. 2 (2023): Padjadjaran Journal of International Law, Volume 7, Number 2, June 2023
Publisher : International Law Department, Faculty of Law Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23920/pjil.v7i2.1351

Abstract Indigenous peoples in Indonesia are still marginalized since most of them are still poor and oppressed due to inequality in their sources of life. On the other hand, it is not uncommon for foreign investment activities to harm the surrounding environment including indigenous peoples. This article discusses the interaction between indigenous people’s rights and foreign investment regulations in Indonesia and what the Government of Indonesia must do to balance the need to improve the national economy and protect indigenous peoples. To answer these, the articles explained and mapped the international and national regulations relating to indigenous people and foreign investment. The data then analyzed to show how the Indonesian Government may improve the protection of indigenous peoples' rights in relation to foreign investment activities in Indonesia. It is found that Indonesia has already ratify International Convention that provide the protection of Indigenous people including relating to foreign investment (economic) activities. To ensure its implementation several steps must be taken i.e.: adopting an international investment agreement (IIA), bilateral investment treaty (BIT) and investment contract that provide assurance for the protection of indigenous people, ensuring the promulgation of Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Bill and Amend the Investment Law and Establish Implementing Regulations related to the Job Creation Law which enforce the concept of indigenous community protection in relation foreign investment activities. Abstrak Masyarakat adat di Indonesia masih terpinggirkan karena sebagian besar masih miskin dan tertindas akibat ketimpangan sumber penghidupan. Di sisi lain, tidak jarang kegiatan penanaman modal asing merusak lingkungan sekitar termasuk masyarakat adat. Artikel ini membahas interaksi antara hak-hak masyarakat adat dan peraturan penanaman modal asing di Indonesia dan apa yang harus dilakukan Pemerintah Indonesia untuk menyeimbangkan kebutuhan untuk meningkatkan ekonomi nasional dan melindungi masyarakat adat. Untuk menjawabnya, pasal-pasal tersebut menjelaskan dan memetakan peraturan internasional dan nasional yang berkaitan dengan masyarakat adat dan penanaman modal asing. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis untuk menunjukkan bagaimana Pemerintah Indonesia dapat meningkatkan perlindungan hak-hak masyarakat adat terkait dengan kegiatan investasi asing di Indonesia. Ditemukan bahwa Indonesia telah meratifikasi Konvensi Internasional yang memberikan perlindungan terhadap masyarakat adat termasuk yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan investasi (ekonomi) asing. Untuk memastikan implementasinya beberapa langkah harus diambil yaitu: mengadopsi perjanjian investasi internasional (IIA), perjanjian investasi bilateral (BIT) dan kontrak investasi yang memberikan jaminan perlindungan masyarakat adat, memastikan pengesahan RUU Hak Masyarakat Adat dan Perubahan UU Penanaman Modal dan Menetapkan Peraturan Pelaksana terkait UU Cipta Kerja yang memberlakukan konsep perlindungan masyarakat adat dalam kaitannya dengan kegiatan penanaman modal asing.

Organ Trafficking Crime in Indonesia: How is it Implemented and Regulated According to International Law? Selviana, Nana; Kinanti, Fatma Muthia; Bangun, Budi Hermawan; Arsensius, Arsensius
Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law Vol 5 No 2 (2024): Juni
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22437/up.v5i2.33237

This research discusses the implementation of the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime regarding organ trafficking in Indonesia by adopting a normative juridical approach to analyse international legal instruments, particularly UNTOC, and Indonesia's national legal regulations following the ratification of UNTOC by Indonesia, including the Indonesian Criminal Code, the Human Trafficking Law, and the Health Law. This research observes primary, secondary, and tertiary data sources. The research findings indicate that UNTOC is applicable to eradicate human organ trafficking in Indonesia. However, its implementation in Indonesia still faces challenges, particularly in the scope of law enforcement and public awareness. This study emphasises the importance of human rights protection, careful clinical evaluation, and transparency in reporting data related to organ transplantation. Moreover, this study suggests to increase international cooperation, strengthen law enforcement, victim protection, and to enhance public awareness to combat the wrongful act of organ trafficking. Also, national regulations and public education must be strengthened to improve the efforts against transnational organized crime.

Implementation of the right to health through vaccination Itasari, Endah Rantau; Erwin; Bangun, Budi Hermawan; Sagio, Ibrahim; Purwanti, Evi; Elida, Sri Agustriani; Wulandari, Ria; Darajati, Muhammad Rafi; Kinanti, Fatma Muthia; Arsensius; Thomas, Silvester
Jurnal Inovasi Hasil Pengabdian Masyarakat (JIPEMAS) Vol 7 No 3 (2024): Jurnal Inovasi Hasil Pengabdian Masyarakat (JIPEMAS)
Publisher : University of Islam Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33474/jipemas.v7i3.22170

Health is regarded as a basic human need Health is a fundamental right recognized in various international human rights instruments, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 a global public health pandemic on January 30, 2020. Based on the data collected, there are still members of the community who have not received the Covid-19 Booster vaccine even though it is urgently given as an antiviral. Therefore, as part of an effort to increase the coverage of vaccination, it is necessary to implement a Covid-19 public dedication as the fulfilment of the right to health. The method of community-based participatory research (Community Based Participatory Research, CBPR) is implemented. The results of the vaccination activities carried out at Tanjungpura University Faculty of Law can contribute to the vaccine coverage that exists in the community. As for the number of participants of the activity was 172 (one hundred seventy-two) people consisting of 117 (a hundred seventeen) students and 61 (sixty-one) the general public. In addition, there are students and members of the community who have not received the Covid-19 Booster Vaccine while the delivery is very urgent as an anti-virus, even there are those who have never received the vaccine at all.

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