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Tambunan, Jeny Ernawati
Department Of Fish Product Technology, Faculty Of Fisheries And Marine Sciences Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran Malang, 65145, Indonesia
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Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent–Extracted Old and Young Mangrove Avicennia marina Leaves: Comparative Antibacterial Activity Against Propionibacterium acnes Djamaludin, Heder; Firdaus, Shelina Innasa; Suprayitno, Eddy; Yahya, Yahya; Arisandi, Desy; Ahmad, Mirza Gulam; Tambunan, Jeny Ernawati; Ahmad, Nurul Hawa; Ramli, Nurul Shazini; Kartikaningsih, Hartati
Journal of Tropical Life Science Vol. 15 No. 3
Publisher : Journal of Tropical Life Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11594/jtls.15.03.13

Abstract

Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory skin disorder largely associated with the proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes. Although antibiotics are widely used for acne treatment, the increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance necessitates the exploration of effective natural alternatives. Mangrove plants are known to contain diverse bioactive compounds with antimicrobial potential. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) extracts derived from young and old leaves of Avicennia marina against P. acnes. Extraction was conducted using citric acid–glucose-based NADES with different molar ratios: P1 (1:1), P2 (2:1), P3 (3:1), and P4 (4:1), to assess the effect of solvent composition on antibacterial performance. Antibacterial activity was determined using inhibition zone assays, while molecular docking analysis was performed to investigate interactions between extracted metabolites and P. acnes target proteins. The results showed that both young and old leaf extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activity, strongly influenced by the NADES formulation. Young leaf extracts produced the largest inhibition zone with the P4 formulation (24.51±0.75 mm) and the smallest with P1 (21.63±0.67 mm). Similarly, old leaf extracts showed maximum inhibition in P4 (37.38±4.34 mm) and minimum inhibition in P1 (22.62±1.40 mm). Increasing the proportion of citric acid enhanced the extraction of bioactive compounds responsible for antibacterial activity. Molecular docking confirmed strong binding affinities between key metabolites and P. acnes target proteins, supporting the experimental findings. Thus, NADES extracts of A. marina leaves, particularly those prepared using a 4:1 citric acid–glucose ratio, demonstrate strong potential as natural antibacterial agents for acne prevention and treatment.
Co-Authors Agustinus Agustinus Ahmad, Mirza Gulam Ahmad, Nurul Hawa Aisah Girindra Akhmad Zainuri Althofian Arya Anies Chamidah Anies Chamidah Astried Vanessa Bambang Budi Sasmito Bambang Budi Sasmito Bambang Budi Sasmito Desy Arisandi Dewi Sinta Wati Dhira Khurniawan Saputra Djamaluddin, Heder Djamaludin, Heder Dwi Sulistiyati, Titik Eddy Suprayitno Fadhilah, Dinda Rizkina Fahreza Okta Setyawan Firdaus, Shelina Innasa Gading Mahendra Hardoko Hardoko Hardoko Hardoko Hardoko Hardoko Hardoko, Mr. Heder Djamaludin Kartikaningsih, Hartati Kayanti, Nadila Putri Dwi Kusuma, Zulfia Rifka Ayu Luh Ayu Hesa Frida Nanda Putri M. Arifin, Zainul M. Nadhif Maulana, Fariz Indra Mikchaell Alfanov Pardamean Panjaitan Mikchaell Alfanov Pardamean Panjaitan Mochamad Arega Alfikri Mr. Hardoko Muhammad Ridha Naila Nency Panjaitan, Mickhael A.P. Panjaitan, Mikchaell Alfanov Pardamean Pudji Purwanti Putri, Luh Ayu Hesa Frida Nanda Ramli, Nurul Shazini Rohmatuzzahro, Umi Romasni Sitanggang Sevia Medytya Shalma Dinda Shefita Meilana Siahaan, Novita Sari Simatupang, Lovely Tzuchi Ester Subianto, Yosua Juliano Sutan Haji, Tunggul Titik Dwi Sulistiyati Titik Dwi Sulistiyati Ubaidillah Ubaidillah Vira Nur Titisari Yunita Eka Puspitasari Yunita Yunita Zainal Abidin Zulfia Rifka Ayu Kusuma