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Pemanfaatan Limbah Padat Sari Apel sebagai Bahan Baku Cuka Apel Menggunakan Metode Backslop Alvianty Novitasari; Warkoyo Warkoyo; Sri Winarsih
Food Technology and Halal Science Journal Vol. 2 No. 1 (2019): Januari
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (390.158 KB) | DOI: 10.22219/fths.v2i1.12968

Abstract

Solid wasted of apple cider containing a lot of compounds such as carbohydrates, glucose, malic acid, and flavonoids. The purpose of this research is to utilize the solid wasted of apple cider as the raw material of apple vinegar. The fermentation process of making apple vinegar in this research using the backstop method. This research consists of 2 steps of the fermentation process. The first step of fermentation using yeast to transform sugar into alcohol. Second step fermentation is a continuance of first step fermentation with the addition of apple vinegar backstop culture which contain Acetobacter aceti with density 4 x 107cfu / ml to transform alcohol to acetic acid. This research uses simple and factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD). Fermentation phase I using simple RBD with the proportion of apple raw material (solid wasted of apple cider: apple) 100% : 0%; 75%: 25%; 50%: 50%; 25%: 75% as factor I. Fermentation phase II using factorial RBD with the combination of factor I and the addition of apple vinegar backstop with concentration 5%, 10%, and 15% as factor II. The results showed that during the first step fermentation process the raw material proportion of apple (solid wasted of apple cider: apple) affected total soluble solids, pH value, and alcohol content. Fermentation phase II showed an interaction between the proportion of the raw material of apple (apple cider waste: apple) and the addition of backstop apple vinegar concentration to total dissolved solids, alcohol content, acetic acid, except pH value. The best results showed treatment with apple material proportion (25% solid wasted of apple cider: 75% apple) and addition of apple vinegar backstop concentration 15 % produce 4.6 g / 100ml acetic acid, 4% soluble solids total, pH value of 3.4 and alcohol residue of 0% (v/v), with colorful organoleptic results quite appealing, the scent is sufficient, and preferences are favored by the panelists.
Study of Physical Characteristic, Water Vapor Transmission Rate and Inhibition Zones of Edible Films from Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis) Incorporated with Yellow Sweet Potato Starch and Glycerol Nur Rahmiatiningrum; Sukardi Sukardi; Warkoyo Warkoyo
Food Technology and Halal Science Journal Vol. 2 No. 2 (2019): Juni
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (233.091 KB) | DOI: 10.22219/fths.v2i2.12985

Abstract

Glucomannan was the main polysaccharide of Aloe vera gel. It was dissolved in water, formed a gel, and transparent as a film. Aloe vera gel was reported antimicrobial and antioxidant activity such as saponin and anthraquinone that was potential for the increased value of an edible film. However, Aloe vera gel form weak film caused glucomannan to have high water absorption. In this research, Aloe vera gel was used as a basis for the polymer film. Yellow sweet potato starch added for the strength matrix component used amylose. This starch expected to give colors from carotenoids. Glycerol also added for the flexibility of an edible film. Randomized Complete Block Design Factorial (RCBD) was applied. The first factor was concentration of yellow sweet potato starch (1%, 2%, 3%) and the second one was glycerol (0,1%, 0,25%, and 0,5%). The parameters tested were color, thickness, transparency, tensile strength, elongation, solubility, water vapor transmission rate, and inhibition zones against E. coli, and S. aureus, fungi A. niger and C. Albicans. The results showed that the addition of yellow sweet potato starch and glycerol with different concentration had a significant effect on color, thickness, transparency, tensile strength, elongation, and solubility. However, an edible film on this research has not to show bacteria and fungi inhibition zone of edible film. P2G1 is the best treatment (yellow sweet potato starch 2% and glycerol 0,1%) produced an edible film with a thickness of 0.12mm, elongation 50.85%, tensile strength 0.55 MPa, solubility 41.03%, transparency 2.13%, vapor transmission rate 3,40 g/m2/24hours, L, a+, b+ score in sequence 41.87, 0.2, and 4.1.
The Effect of Aloe vera and Glycerol Addition on Edible Film of Lesser Yam Starch (Dioscorea esculenta L. Burkill) Devi Dwi Siskawardani; Warkoyo Warkoyo; Anggit Ayu Pradana Siwi
Food Technology and Halal Science Journal Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020): Januari
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (200.574 KB) | DOI: 10.22219/fths.v3i1.13057

Abstract

Edible films are thin layers made from hydrocolloids, lipids, and their combinations, functioning as a barrier to mass transfer. The hydrocolloid source that commonly used for edible film is starch. Lesser yam has the potential to be developed into food packaging products. It has a high starch yield (21.4%). The starch properties, which usually obstruct the edible film production are not resistant to high temperature, it produces a starch suspension with viscosity and ability to form a gel is not uniform, cannot stand in acidic conditions, does not resist stirring, limited solubility in water, and starch gel is easy to syneresis and brittle. This study aimed to investigate the effect of glycerol and Aloe veraconcentrations on the physical and mechanical edible film. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial with two factors was adopted. The first factor was Aloe vera concentration (0, 1%, 0.2% and 0.3% w/v), and the second factor wasglycerol concentration (17.5, 22.5 and 27.5% v/w). The parameters tested included thickness, tensile strength, elongation, solubility, transparency, and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). The results showed an interaction between the addition of glycerol and Aloe vera to thickness, tensile strength, elongation, solubility, transparency, and WVTR. The best characteristics of edible film were produced by the addition of glycerol 17.5% and Aloe vera 0.1% with thickness (0.08 mm), transparency (1.72 mm-1), tensile strength (0.156 MPa), elongation (17.25%), solubility (53.89%), and WVTR (4.09 g m-2 24 h-1).
Kajian Karakteristik Fisik dan Mekanik Edible Film Berbasis Pati Umbi Suweg (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Lilin Lebah Evi Lusiana Dwi Safitri; Warkoyo Warkoyo; Rista Anggriani
Food Technology and Halal Science Journal Vol. 3 No. 1 (2020): Januari
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (386.812 KB) | DOI: 10.22219/fths.v3i1.13061

Abstract

Suweg tuber contains very high starch so that it can be used as one of the ingredients for the edible film. The use of a single ingredient from the starch group has a disadvantage because it has a weak and rigid, so it needs to be added ingredients to improve the nature of the edible film, namely by adding beeswax. The addition of beeswax is expected to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the edible film because its hydrophobic nature is a barrier to the loss of steam from products packed by the edible film. This research used a factorial randomized block design using two factors: suweg tuber starch concentration (3%.4%, and 5%) and beeswax concentration (1%.2%, and 3%). Parameters of research included analysis of raw materials in the form of water content, starch content and amylose starch content of suweg tubers whileanalysis edible film included the thickness, transparency, tensile strength, elongation, solubility, water vapor transmission rate and surface structure. The results showed that there was a very real interaction between the addition of suweg tuber and beeswax starch to thickness, elongation, tensile strength, and water vapor transmission rate and there was a real interaction with the transparency and solubility of edible film. The best treatment with near-standard results is edible film with suweg tuber starch concentration 3% (b/ v) and beeswax concentration 1% (b/ v) The surface structure of edible film on starch addition 3% (b/ v) results in a structure that more flat and soft, while the addition of beeswax 1% (b/ v) results in smaller pores.
Uji Potensi Cracker dengan Tepung Kulit Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum) sebagai Pangan Fungsional berAntioksidan dan Antihiperkolesterolemik Rista Anggriani; Rizki Khoirun Nisa; Susi Oxyvia Rosenansi; Marcya Hulwatul Purtanti; Warkoyo Warkoyo
Food Technology and Halal Science Journal Vol. 3 No. 2 (2020): Juni
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (145.576 KB) | DOI: 10.22219/fths.v3i2.13219

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Diet is one of the causes of obesity and obesity, for example by consuming foods with high cholesterol levels such as fast food or fried foods, so it is necessary to find alternative non-fried processed products that have functional properties. Cracker as a non-fried processed product is fortified with shallot skin flour which has antioxidant activity. This research purpose is to determine the effect of adding shallot skin flour (3, 5, 10%) to the cracker against total cholesterol reduction after 7 days of consumption. This research used laboratory experimental methods with pre post test design with control group. Each group consisted of 5 Wistar rats (2 control groups and 4 treatment groups) so total Wistar rats used were 30 rats. In addition, antioxidant activity was also tested. The results indicated that cracker in the P3 formula (10% fortification of shallot skin flour) had high antioxidant activity of 68.90% and was able to decrease cholesterol with the highest precentage reduction of 10% after 7 days of consumption. This cracker can be categorized as a functional food which has high antioxidants and antihypercholesterolemic activity.
Karakterisasi Sifat Fisikokimia Pektin Kulit Jeruk Keprok Batu 55 (Citrus reticulata B), Jeruk Siam (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa), Jeruk Manis Pacitan (Citrus sinensis L, Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia swigle), dan Jeruk Lemon (Citrus limon L) yang Tumbuh di Kota Batu Anis Febrianti Rahmanda K.W; Sukardi Sukardi; Warkoyo Warkoyo
Food Technology and Halal Science Journal Vol. 4 No. 2 (2021): Juni
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (227.716 KB) | DOI: 10.22219/fths.v4i2.15643

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Abstract. Utilization of orange peel waste in Batu City needs to be done to increase the selling power of consumers by extracting it as pectin. Pectin can be obtained using an extraction process. The stage of pectin extraction can affect the quality and quantity of the product. The extraction process will separate the pectin from the fruit tissue. This research was conducted with the production of orange peel flour as a material preparation process. The oranges used in this study were Batu 55 mandarin oranges (Citrus reticulata B), siam oranges (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa), pacitan sweet oranges (Citrus sinensis L), lime (Citrus aurantifolia swigle), and lemons (Citrus limon L) which grows in the city of Batu. The next step was extraction using hydrochloric acid which was carried out using a nonfactorial randomized block design. The parameters observed were pectin yield, equivalent weight, methoxyl content, galacturonic acid content, esterification degree, moisture content, ash content, viscosity, colour intensity, and gel strength. The results showed that citrus peel varieties significantly affected yield, equivalent weight, galacturonic acid levels, degree of esterification, viscosity, and gel strength. Pectin with the best treatment based on the International Pectin Producers Association (IPPA) approach was shown in the Pacitan sweet orange peel variety with a galacturonic acid level of 99.15%, a viscosity of 88.06 cP, gel strength of 2.289 N, and an equivalent weight of 90.11 and resulted in yields. the most with a value of 24.20%. The pectin produced in this study is classified as high methoxyl pectin. Keywords: orange peel varieties, pectin, physicochemical properties   Abstrak. Pemanfaatan limbah kulit jeruk di Kota Batu perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan daya jual konsumen dengan mengekstraknya sebagai pektin. Pektin dapat diperoleh dengan cara proses ekstraksi. Tahapan ekstraksi pektin dapat mempengaruhi kualitas dan kuantitas produk. Proses ekstraksi akan memisahkan pektin dari jaringan buah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pembuatan tepung kulit jeruk sebagai proses preparasi bahan. Jeruk yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah  jeruk keprok batu 55 (Citrus reticulata B), jeruk siam (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa), jeruk manis pacitan (Citrus sinensis L), jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia swigle), dan jeruk lemon (Citrus limon L) yang tumbuh di kota Batu.  Tahap selanjutnya adalah ekstraksi dengan menggunakan asam klorida yang dilakukan  menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok non faktorial. Parameter yang diamati adalah rendemen pektin, berat ekivalen, kadar metoksil, kadar asam galakturonat, derajat esterifikasi, kadar air, kadar abu, intensitas warna, viskositas dan kekuatan gel. Hasil  penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  varietas kulit jeruk berpengaruh nyata terhadap  rendemen, berat ekivalen, kadar asam galakturonat, derajat esterifikasi, viskositas dan kekuatan gel. Pektin dengan perlakuan terbaik berdasarkan pendekatan International Pectin Producers Association (IPPA)  ditunjukkan pada varietas kulit jeruk manis pacitan dengan nilai kadar asam galakturonat 99,15%, viskositas 88,06 cP, kekuatan gel 2,289 N, dan berat ekivalen 90,11 serta menghasilkan rendemen terbanyak dengan nilai 24,20%. Pektin yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini tergolong dalam high methoxyl pectin. Kata kunci : high methoxyl pectin, pektin, sifat fisikokimia,varietas kulit jeruk
Karakteristik Fisik dan Mekanik Edible Film Berbasis Pati Kacang Merah (Phaseoulus vulgaris) dan Gel Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L) Nur Aini Dwi Cahyo; Warkoyo Warkoyo; Rista Anggriani
Food Technology and Halal Science Journal Vol. 4 No. 1 (2021): Januari
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (171.223 KB) | DOI: 10.22219/fths.v4i1.15655

Abstract

Red bean starch is a food ingredient that has a high starch content, which can be used as an edible film. Edible films from the starch group still have shortcomings, namely having brittle and stiff properties, so it is necessary to add other materials to improve the properties of the edible film , namely by adding okra gel. The addition of okra gel is expected to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the edible film. The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction with the addition of variations in the concentration of red bean starch and okra gel on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the edible film. This research consists of two research factors. The first factor is the concentration of red bean starch which consists of 3 levels, namely 4%; 5%; 6; (b / b). The second factor was the concentration of okra gel which consisted of 3 levels, namely 3%; 8%; 13% (w / v). The experiment used a factorial randomized block design (RBD). Observation parameters include analysis of thickness, transparency, tensile strength, elongation, water vapor transmission rate and solubility. The results of this study indicate that there is no interaction between the addition of red bean starch and okra gel on thickness, transparency, tensile strength, elongation, water vapor transmission rate and solubility edible film. The best treatment with results that were close to standard was edible film with a concentration of 5% (w / w) red bean starch and 3% (w / v) of okra gel concentration. The results of the best treatment were 0.16 mm thickness, 4.87 MPa tensile strength, 18.02% elongation, 4.73 g / m2/ day WVTR, 45.14% solubility and 3.98 A / mm transparency.
Studi Pembuatan Edible Film Gel Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) dengan Penambahan Pati Singkong Siti Mukaromatul Muslimah; Warkoyo Warkoyo; Sri Winarsih
Food Technology and Halal Science Journal Vol. 4 No. 1 (2021): Januari
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (316.061 KB) | DOI: 10.22219/fths.v4i1.15826

Abstract

Edible film is an organic material packaging that has plastic-like properties but is biodegradable. The components of the edible film include hydrocolloids. Okra gel is a long chain hydrocoloid polysaccharide with a high molecular weight and a constituent protein containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances. The hydrophilic characteristics are used to improve the physical properties of solubility. Meanwhile, hydrophobic characteristics are used to improve barrier properties (WVTR). Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is one of the cultivated plants that is currently underutilized by the community but has benefits and high nutritional content. The addition of cassava starch aims to increase the strength of the edible film. The purpose of this study was to determine the use of okra gel proportion and cassava starch concentration in making edible films which can produce edible film characteristics that meet the standards.This study used a factorial randomized block design (RBD). The first factor is the ratio of okra gel and distilled water (1: 3; 1: 1; 3: 1, 1:0). The second factor is the concentration of cassava starch (2.5% and 5% (w / v)). The parameters tested were yield of raw materials, thickness, solubility, transparency, tensile strength, elongation, WVTR (Water Vapor Transmison Rate) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy).The results showed that there was no interaction between okra gel and cassava starch. However, the comparison of okra gel and distilled water had a significant effect on the transparency value with an average of 0.89-1.60 A546 / mm. The concentration of cassava starch has a significant effect on transparency 0.89-1.60 A546 / mm, tensile strength 0.97-2.33%. Edible film with the best treatment was obtained in G2P1 treatment (ratio of okra gel and distilled water (1: 1) and 2.5% cassava starch) with a thickness of 0.08mm, transparency 0.58A546 / mm, WVTR 3.87g / m2 / 24h, elongation 9.24%, tensile strength 0.74MPa and solubility 23.56%. And SEM analysis results show uneven morphology.
Karakteristik Organoleptik Yoghurt Sinbiotik dengan Penambahan Inulin Pure Pisang Barangan (Musa acuminata Colla) Friska Yuana Amelia; Warkoyo Warkoyo; Hanif Alamudin Manshur; Afifa Husna
Food Technology and Halal Science Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2022): Januari
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/fths.v5i1.18760

Abstract

Abstract. Synbiotic was a combination of prebiotics and probiotics. One of the agricultural commodities that contains prebiotics was “barangan banana”. Barangan banana and inulin as prebiotics and Lactobacillus casei as a probiotics can produce synbiotic beverages, To obtain synbiotic beverages, it needs a drink formulation that utilizes Pisang Ambon and use inoculum L. casei as a stater and adding inulin to obtain preferred synbiotic beverages. The objective of this research determine the effect of the comparison of Barangan banana puree and skim milk on the organoleptic characteristics of synbiotic yogurt. This research was divided into two steps, the first stage was the optimization of the appropriate ratio of banana puree and skim milk through an organoleptic test. The second stage is the physicochemical and microbiological analysis of the formulation selected in the first stage. The first phase of the experimental design used a simple RAK (Randomized Block Design) with one factor. he results of the analysis of synbiotic yogurt containing pH 4.02%, total titrated acid (TAT) 1.05%, inulin content 2.88%, proximate analysis 0.87% ash content, fat content 4.10%, protein content 4.58 %. Analysis of the physical quality of synbiotic drinks with a viscosity of 11.05%. Analysis of microbiological quality, synbiotic yogurt has a total number of lactic acid bacteria, namely on the 7th day 1.29×109 cfu/ml and the 8th day of 2,42×109 cfu/ml. The overall results of the quality tests carried out are in accordance with the requirements of SNI 01.2981-2009 regarding yogurt. The levels of probiotics and prebiotics possessed by synbiotic yogurt have met the requirements so that the product can be said to be a synbiotic food product. Abstrak. Sinbiotik merupakan kombinasi antara prebiotik dan probiotik. Salah satu komoditas hasil pertanian yang mengandung prebiotik adalah pisang barangan. Penggunaan pisang barangan sebagai prebiotik dan L. casei sebagai probiotik dapat menghasilkan produk yoghurt sinbiotik, selain itu diperlukan suatu formulasi yoghurt sinbiotik yang memanfaatkan pure pisang barangan dan susu skim agar diperoleh yoghurt sinbiotik yang disukai oleh panelis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbandingan pure pisang barangan dan susu skim terhadap karakteristik organoleptik yoghurt sinbiotik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu tahap pertama adalah optimasi perbandingan pure pisang dan susu skim yang sesuai melalui uji organoleptik. Tahap kedua adalah analisis fisikokimia dan mikrobiologi dari formulasi terpilih pada tahap pertama. Rancangan percobaan tahap pertama menggunakan RAK (Rancangan Acak Kelompok) sederhana dengan satu faktor. Hasil analisis yoghurt sinbiotik mengandung pH 4,02%, total asam tertitrasi (TAT) 1,05%, kadar inulin 2,88%, analisis proksimat kadar abu 0,87%, kadar lemak 4,10%, kadar protein 4,58%. Analisis kualitas fisik minuman sinbiotik dengan viskositas 11,05%. Analisis kualitas mikrobiologi, yoghurt sinbiotik memiliki jumlah total bakteri asam laktat yaitu pada hari ke-7 1,29×109 cfu/ml dan hari ke-8 sebesar 2,42×109 cfu/ml. Keseluruhan hasil uji mutu yang dilakukan telah sesuai dengan persyaratan SNI 01.2981-2009 tentang yoghurt. Kadar probiotik dan prebiotik yang dimiliki oleh yoghurt sinbiotik telah memenuhi syarat sehingga produk tersebut dapat dikatakan sebagai produk pangan sinbiotik.
The Effect of The Ratio of Beetroot Juice with Pineapple Core Juice and Carrageenan Concentration from Seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) on Jelly Candy Quality Faradiba Hijriani Harahap; Noor Harini; Warkoyo Warkoyo; Rista Anggriani
Food Technology and Halal Science Journal Vol. 5 No. 1 (2022): Januari
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22219/fths.v5i1.18776

Abstract

Carrageenan is a gelling agent that can be extracted using coconut water solvent. The ability of carrageenan to form a gel can be applied in various products, such as jelly candy. Beetroot is one of the raw materials that can be used in making jelly candy. Beetroot is known to contain various vitamins and minerals as well as betalain pigments which are very beneficial for the body. The weakness of beetroot is its distinctive aroma and taste that is considered unpleasant. Therefore, the pineapple core was added to reduce it. This research aims to determine the interaction between the ratios of beetroot juice and pineapple core juice with carrageenan concentrations on the quality of jelly candy. This research consisted of two main stages consisted of carrageenan extraction, and followed by application into jelly candy made from the beetroot-pineapple core. This study used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with first factor (S) the ratio of beetroot juice and pineapple core juice (100%: 0%, 75%: 25%, 50%: 50 %) and second factor (K) concentration of carrageenan (3%, 3.5%, 4%). Parameters observed for the first stage included yield, water content, viscosity, gel strength. Meanwhile, the second stage included water content, ash content, reducing sugar, antioxidant activity, texture, color, and organoleptic (color, aroma, taste, texture). The results showed that there were interactions between treatments on water content, ash content, texture, organoleptic of color, aroma, taste, and texture of jelly candy. The ratio of 50% beetroot juice : 50% pineapple core and 4% carrageenan concentration was known as the best treatment with a water content of 14.79%, ash content 0.72%, reducing sugar 1.81%, antioxidant activity 71.23%, texture 59,6N, brightness (L) 34.53, redness (a+) 0.3, yellowness (b+) 0.83, color 4.2 (attractive), aroma 4 (pleasant) , taste 4.16 (good), texture 3.96 (slightly chewy).