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All Journal HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Pharmaciana: Jurnal Kefarmasian The Indonesian Biomedical Journal JPSCR : Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research Jurnal DiMas (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat) Media Farmasi Indonesia Journal of Global Pharma Technology Cermin Dunia Kedokteran
Muhammad Ryan Radix Rahardhian
STIFAR - Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Other

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Solvent concentration effect on total flavonoid and total phenolic contents of Averrhoa bilimbi leaf extract Muhammad Ryan Radix Rahardhian; Bayu Tri Murti; Dyah Wigati; Ririn Suharsanti; Chintiana Nindya Putri
Pharmaciana Vol 9, No 1 (2019): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (378.208 KB) | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v9i1.8793

Abstract

Averrhoa bilimbi is one of the Indonesian indigenous plants containing phenolic and flavonoids which exhibit several ethnopharmacological effects i.e. antidiabetic, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, anti-oxidant, antifertility, and antibacterial activities. However, the optimum solvent for extracting these compounds using percolation have not been reported, yet. This research was aimed to evaluate the various concentrations of ethanol solvents towards total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). Extraction was carried out using percolation technique with ethanol solvent ratio of 50%, 70%, and 96%. The phytochemical screening, thin layer chromatography, total flavonoids, and total phenolic levels were obtained from the concentrated extract. The TPC and TFC were determined using visible spectrophotometry method. Phytochemical screening study indicated that ethanolic extract contains classes of flavonoids, phenolic, alkaloid, saponins, and steroids. The TFC of ethanolic extract with 50%, 70%, and 96% solvent concentrations were investigated at 62.74, 64.81 and 59.1 mg RTE / g extract, respectively while the TPC were recorded as follows: 103.79; 119.47; 110.10 mg GAE / g extract. Hence, 70% ethanol were higher among others, and therefore remains as optimum solvent for the extraction of A. bilimbi leaves. 
Pengaruh Metode Ekstraksi Terhadap Kadar Total Fenol dan Total Flavonoid Esktrak Etanol Daun Insulin (Smallanthus sonchifolius) serta Aktivitas Antibakteri Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus Chintiana Nindya Putri; Muhammad Ryan Radix Rahardhian; Dewi Ramonah
JPSCR: Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research Vol 7, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jpscr.v7i1.43465

Abstract

Fenomena resistensi antibiotik menjadi permasalahan baru dalam terapi infeksi, sehingga mendorong dilakukannya penemuan produk baru berbasis bahan alam. Daun insulin merupakan bahan alam yang berpotensi sebagai antimikroba karena mengandung metabolit sekunder seperti fenolik dan flavonoid. Jumlah kandungan senyawa tersebut dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor diantaranya adalah metode ekstraksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan metode ekstraksi maserasi dan digesti terhadap kadar total fenolik dan flavonoid, serta aktivitas penghambatan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dari ekstrak etanol daun insulin 5%,10%,15%. Pada penelitian ini penentuan kadar fenolik dan flavonoid menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis, sedangkan uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2018 menggunakan difusi agar. Hasil penelitian diperoleh data bahwa kadar flavonoid dan fenolik ekstrak daun insulin yang diekstraksi dengan maserasi lebih besar dibandingkan digesti yaitu sebesar 40,2 mg GAE/g, sedangkan pada metode digesti hanya 8,12 mg GAE/g untuk kadar fenolik. Kandungan total flavonoid ekstrak dari metode maserasi sebanyak 28,42 mg QE/g, sedangkan pada metode digesti sebanyak 11,52 mg QE/g. Pada pengujian antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2018 diperoleh hasil bahwa ekstraksi dengan maserasi memiliki diameter daya hambat lebih besar dibandingkan digesti.
In Vitro Assessment of Total Phenolic, Total Flavonoid and Sunscreen Activities of Crude Ethanolic Extract of Belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi) Fruits and Leaves Muhammad Ryan Radix Rahardhian
Journal of Global Pharma Technology Volume 11 Issue 04.
Publisher : Journal of Global Pharma Technology

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (418.215 KB)

Abstract

Averrhoa bilimbi, namely belimbing wuluh in Indonesia. It’s the fruits used to food in vegetable dishes. Belimbing wuluh’s leaves and fruits are traditional herb in Indonesian. This study aim to determined total phenolic content, total phenolic content and sunscreen activity from ethanolic extract of Belimbing Wuluh fruits and leaves. Total phenolic content of fruits ethanolic extract is 19.8022 ± 1.6696 mg GAE/g more than leaves ethanolic extract 6.5886±0.0590 mg GAE/g. Both have significant differences after tested t test (sig<0.05). Total flavonoid content of fruits ethanolic extract 24.7458±0.3291 mg RE/g more than leaves ethanolic extract 13.3126±0.5695 mg RE/g. Both have significant differences after tested t test (sig<0.05). Sun Protecting Factor of leaves ethanolic extract better than fruits ethanolic extract. Only one leaves ethanolic extract concentration of 300 ppm can be drawn in the total block valuation category with ultra protection. The conclusion is leaves ethanolic extract has good potential as an active sunscreen ingredient although it has a total phenolic content and a lower total of flavonoids than fruits ethanolic extract of belimbing wuluh. These data indicate that the sunscreen active ingredients found on the leaves of belimbing wuluh are suspected of phenolic compounds and other components that have a conjugated double bond that can absorb UV light in the 290-320 nm range.Keywords:  Averrhoa bilimbi, Total Phenolic Content, Total Flavonoid Content, Sunscreen Activity.
UJI SITOTOKSIK DAN ANTIPROLIFERASI EKSTRAK ETER DAUN BINAHONG (Andredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steen.) TERHADAP SEL HeLa Rahardhian, Muhammad Ryan Radix; Utami, Dwi
Media Farmasi Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 1 (2018): Media Farmasi Indonesia
Publisher : SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU FARMASI YAYASAN PHARMASI SEMARANG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (556.641 KB)

Abstract

ABSTRAK Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Tenore)Steen) merupakan tumbuhan dari keluarga Basellaceae yang digunakan secara tradisional oleh masyarakat indonesia sebagai pengobatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan ekstrak eter daun Binahong, yang diketahui mengandung flavonoid yang memiliki potensi sebagai antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas sitotoksik dan antiproliferasi ekstrak eter daun Binahong terhadap sel HeLa. Daun Binahong yang telah dikeringkan diekstraksi dengan pelarut petroleum eter menggunakan alat Soxhlet, kemudian dilanjutkan maserasi menggunakan pelarut eter. Ekstrak yang diperoleh kemudian diuapkan hingga diperoleh ekstrak kental.Uji sitotoksik dan antiproliferasi terhadap sel HeLa menggunakan metode MTT. Uji sitotoksik dilakukan dengan menginkubasi sel HeLa dengan kepadatan 1x104 sel/100μL dengan seri konsentrasi 250; 125; 62,5; 31,25; 15,625 dan 7,81 μg/mL dengan waktu inkubasi selama 24 jam. Uji antiproliferasi menggunakan serikonsentrasi 125; 62,5; 31,25 μg/mL dengan waktu inkubasi 24, 48 dan 72 jam. Potensi sitotoksik ekstrak eter daun Binahong diidentifikasi dengan menentukan harga IC50 dengan analisis probit sedangkan analisis antiproliferasi dengan mambandingkan harga slope dari perlakuan terhadap kontrol.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ekstrak eter daun Binahong memiliki IC50 85,52 μg/mL terhadap sel HeLa dan memiliki efek antiproliferasi dilihat dari harga slope perlakuan yang lebih rendah dari kontrol, yang menunjkan bahwa ekstrak eter daun binahong berpotensi sebagai agen kemoterapi dari bahan alam.
DETERMINASI TOTAL FLAVONOID DAN TOTAL FENOLIK RIMPANG JERINGAU (Acorus calamus L.) DENGAN PERBEDAAN KONSENTRASI PELARUT Fuad Masduqi, Ahmad; Radix Rahardhian, Muhammad Ryan
Media Farmasi Indonesia Vol. 16 No. 1 (2021): Media Farmasi Indonesia
Publisher : SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU FARMASI YAYASAN PHARMASI SEMARANG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (480.419 KB) | DOI: 10.53359/mfi.v16i1.169

Abstract

Rimpang jeringau merupakan salah satu kenaekaragaman hayati di Indonesia yang mengandung senyawa fenolik golongan flavanoid yang memiliki banyak khasiat untuk kesehatan. Rimpang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui skrining fitokimia, kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT), determinasi total phenolic content (TPC) dan total flavanoid content (TFC) pada ekstrak etanol rimpang jeringau dengan metode perkolasi. Ekstrak rimpang jeringau mengandung senyawa alkaloid, tanin, flavanoid, saponin dan terpenoid pada skrining fitokimia dan KLT. Nilai TPC pada konsentrasi pelarut 50%, 70% dan 96% berturut- turut adalah 12,115±0,05 mg/g Gallat Acid Equivalent (GAE); 14,17±0,08 mg/g Gallat Acid Equivalent (GAE); 16,699±0,12 mg/g Gallat Acid Equivalent (GAE). Nilai TFC pada konsentrasi pelarut 50%, 70% dan 96% berturut- turut adalah 4,917±0,01 mg/g Rutin Equivalent (RE); 7,20±0,01 mg/g Rutin Equivalent (RE); 6,42±0,01 mg/g Rutin Equivalent (RE). Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak rimpang jeringau memiliki potensi sebagai sumber fenolik dan flavonoid dengan nilai TPC tertinggi pada ekstrak konsentrasi pelarut 96% dan nilai TFC tertinggi pada ekstrak konsentrasi pelarut 70%.
Antibacterial Activity Of Clay Mask From Houttuynia Cordata Leaves Extract Against Staphylococcus Aureus Rahardhian, Muhammad Ryan Radix
Media Farmasi Indonesia Vol. 19 No. 1 (2024): Media Farmasi Indonesia
Publisher : SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU FARMASI YAYASAN PHARMASI SEMARANG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53359/mfi.v19i1.228

Abstract

Facial skin that often looks dull and not glowing can be caused by the accumulation of dead skin cells. The solution to this problem is to exfoliate using a scrub. The content of secondary metabolites in Amis-amisan leaves (Houttuynia cordata Thunb) has antibacterial activity. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of the face scrub ethanol extract of amis-amisan leaves against Staphylococcus aureus. The extract was obtained using the remaceration method using 96% ethanol. Concentrations of face scrub are 10%, 20%, and 30%. Antibacterial activity using the pour plate method. The results antibacterial activity of face scrub with concentrations of 10%, 20%, and 30% are 1.127 cm, 1.282 cm and 1.460 cm, respectively. The best antibacterial activity is a 30% concentration face scrub. The physical characteristics of the organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesion, and irritation tests of the face scrub meet the specified requirements.
DETERMINASI TOTAL FLAVONOID, TOTAL FENOLIK, DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN INSULIN (Smallanthus Sonchifolius) DENGAN METODE PERKOLASI Ramonah, Dewi; Rahardhian, Muhammad Ryan Radix; Putri, Chintiana Nindya
Media Farmasi Indonesia Vol. 15 No. 1 (2020): Media Farmasi Indonesia
Publisher : SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU FARMASI YAYASAN PHARMASI SEMARANG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (656.674 KB) | DOI: 10.53359/mfi.v15i1.143

Abstract

Indonesia kaya akan keanekaragaman hayati yang berkhasiat sebagai pengobatan. Salah satunya adalah daun insulin yang mengandung senyawa fenolik golongan flavonoid, dimana senyawa tersebut memiliki potensi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa ekstrak etanol daun insulin (EDI) dengan metode perkolasi pada skrining fitokimia, kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT), determinasi total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), dan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Sthapylococcus aureus. Hasil skrining fitokimia dan TLC membuktikan bahwa, EDI mengandung senyawa flavonoid, tanin, alkaloid, saponin dan steroid. Nilai TPC 6,7315±0,15 mg/g Gallat Acid Equivalent (GAE), Nilai TFC 66,1857±13,34 mg/g Quercetin Equivalent (QE), Aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Sthapylococcus aureus pada konsentrasi 5, 10 dan 15 % berturut-turut adalah 1,632±0,00; 1,957±0,00; dan 2,528±0,02 . Berdasarkan hasil tersebut membuktikan bahwa EDI memiliki potensi sebagai sumber fenolik golongan flavonoid dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Sthapylococcus aureus, potensi terbesar pada EDI konsentrasi 15 %. Penelitian selanjutnya perlu dilakukan pemurnian dan karakterisasi senyawa bioaktif untuk aplikasi industri makanan, nutraceutical dan farmasi.
Exploring the α-Amylase Inhibitory Potential of Peronema canescens Jack: An In Vitro and In Silico Study Rahardhian, Muhammad Ryan Radix; Aryanti, Ninda; Susilawati, Yasmiwar; Sumiwi, Sri Adi; Putri, Chintiana Nindya; Ramonah, Dewi; Suharsanti, Ririn
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 3 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.3.712-726

Abstract

Hyperglycemia in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus is primarily driven by the rapid hydrolysis of starch by the enzyme α-amylase in the pancreas and the breakdown of oligosaccharides by α-glucosidase in the intestine. Peronema canescens Jack. (PC) has shown promise as a potential antidiabetic agent. This study aimed to evaluate the total flavonoid, phenolic, and α-amylase inhibitory activity of extracts and fractions derived from PC leaves using both in vitro and in silico approaches. The ethanol extract of PC leaves was fractionated through liquid-liquid extraction using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water as solvents. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extracts and fractions identified the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids/triterpenoids. The n-hexane fraction exhibited the highest total flavonoid content, averaging 203.37±4.38 mg QE/gram, while the ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated the highest total phenolic content, averaging 147.04±0.79 mg GAE/gram. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest α-amylase inhibitory activity, with an average inhibition rate of 70.38±1.26%. In silico analysis, combined with GC-MS identification, suggested that three compounds, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, myristyl oleate, and 14 beta H-pregna may contribute to the observed α-amylase inhibitory activity. These findings highlight the potential of PC as a source of natural antidiabetic agents.
Immunomodulatory and Acute Toxicity Studies of Peronema canescens Jack Leaves: in vivo Hematological Analysis and in vitro IL-6 Gene Expression Inhibition Rahardhian, Muhammad Ryan Radix; Ardiansyah, Fahriza; Susilawati, Yasmiwar; Wilar, Gofarana; Sumiwi, Sri Adi; Levita, Jutti; Muchtaridi, Muchtaridi
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 17, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v17i3.3577

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Peronema canescens Jack is traditionally employed in the treatment of inflammation, malaria, and immune-related disorders. Despite its traditional use, scientific evidence on its immunomodulatory effects, interleukin (IL)-6 modulation, hematological impact, as well as its related acute toxicity data remains limited. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the immunostimulatory potential of P. canescens leaf extract through in vitro and in vivo assessments and evaluate its acute toxicity profile.METHODS: The in vitro immunomodulatory activity of P. canescens ethanolic extract, n-hexane fraction (NHF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), and water fraction (WF) were assessed by measuring IL-6 inhibition in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. For in vivo analysis, Balb/C mice were divided into six groups: a normal control (Na-CMC), a positive control (50 mg/kg BW/day Stimuno Phyllanthus niruri extract), a negative control (80 mg/kg BW/day cyclophosphamide as immunosuppressant), and 3 treatment groups receiving P. canescens extract at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW/day. Hematological parameters, including white blood cell (WBC) counts, lymphocyte percentages, and neutrophil percentages, were analyzed. Acute toxicity studies were performed by administering P. canescens extract at doses of 300, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg BW over observation period.RESULTS: EAF exhibited the most pronounced IL-6 inhibition in vitro. In vivo, the administration of P. canescens extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg BW significantly elevated WBC and lymphocyte levels while concurrently reducing neutrophil counts. No mortality or neurotoxic manifestations were observed, confirming the P. canescens extract’s safety profile up to 5000 mg/kg BW.CONCLUSION: P. canescens leaf extract, particularly EAF, demonstrates robust immunomodulatory activity with a favorable safety margin. These findings underscore its potential therapeutic application in immune modulation.KEYWORDS: Peronema canescens Jack, immunomodulatory, IL-6 inhibition, acute toxicity, hematology, cytokines
Pemberian Paket New Normal Dan Pelatihan Melalui Konten Youtube Di Kelurahan Colo Radix Rahardhian, Muhammad Ryan; Fuad Masduqi, Ahmad; Dian Advistasari, Yustisia; Wigati, Dyan; Wahyu Ariani, Lilies
Jurnal Dimas Vol 2 No 1 (2020): Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat
Publisher : SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU FARMASI YAYASAN PHARMASI SEMARANG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1080.857 KB) | DOI: 10.53359/dimas.v2i1.17

Abstract

Pemanfaatan bahan obat alam bukanlah merupakan hal yang baru. Masyarakat dapat mengatasi masalahmasalahkesehatan yang dihadapinya dengan menggunakan bahan alam. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa obat yangberasal dari sumber bahan alam khususnya tanaman telah memperlihatkan peranannya dalam penyelenggaraanupaya-upaya kesehatan masyarakat. Salah satu pemanfaatan bahan alam pada desa Colo, Dawe, Kudus adalahkopi. Pemanfaatan budidaya kopi disana hanya sebatas untuk pembuatan minuman. Kafein merupakan salah satukandungan yang ada didalam kopi. Kafein merupakan senyawa alkaloid yang termasuk jenis metilxanthine. Selainitu, kandungan lain dari kopi adalah clorogenik, dimana memiliki manfaat sebagai antioksidan sehingga kopi bisadimanfaatkan untuk terapi kulit dengan bentuk sediaan sabun padat. Dimasa pandemi COVID -19 ini, pencegahanpenyebaran virus sangatlah penting untuk dilakukan dengan melakukan protocol kesehatan diantaranya memakaimasker, mencuci tangan dengan sabun dan senantiasa menggunakan hand sanitizer. Dengan demikian pelatihanpembuatan paket new Normal bisa tetap dilakukan secara daring yakni salah satu caranya dengan membuatkonten youtube dan pembagian paket New Normal merupakan upaya yang bisa dilakukan untuk mencegahpenyebaran virus corona
Co-Authors Ardiansyah, Fahriza Aryanti, Ninda Bayu Tri Murti Dian Advistasari, Yustisia Dwi Utami Dyah Wigati Dyan Wigati Fuad Masduqi, Ahmad Gofarana Wilar Jutti Levita Muchtaridi Muchtaridi Muhammad Yusron Maulana El-Yunusi Putri, Chintiana Nindya Rahmawati, Fatia Nur Isna Ramonah, Dewi Ririn Suharsanti Ririn Suharsanti, Ririn Sri Adi Sumiwi Wahyu Ariani, Lilies Yasmiwar Susilawati