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Analisis Ketersediaan Air Terhadap Potensi Budidaya Kedelai (Glycine max (L) Merril) di Daerah Irigasi Siman Kinasih, Mentari; Wirosoedarmo, Ruslan; Widiatmono, Bambang Rahadi
Jurnal Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan Vol 2, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Kabupaten Kediri mempunyai makanan khas berupa tahu kuning dan merupakan daerah dengan tingkat konsumsi kedelai yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan dan ketersediaan air terhadap potensi budidaya tanaman kedelai (Glycine max (L) Merril) di Daerah Irigasi Siman Kabupaten Kediri. Daerah Irigasi Siman meliputi 4 (empat) kecamatan dengan luas lahan 7709 Ha, yaitu Kandangan, Pare, Kepung, dan Plemahan. Analisis dilakukan dengan menghitung ketersediaan air dari rata-rata curah hujan efektif bulanan Musim Kemarau (MK) tahun 2009-2013. Kebutuhan air dilakukan dengan menghitung evapotranspirasi dan kebutuhan air tanaman.Perhitungan kebutuhan dan ketersediaan air dilakukan dengan menggunakan software Cropwat 8.0. Hasil perhitungan ketersediaan air menunjukkan surplus air pada MK I (Maret-Juni) dan terjadi defisit air pada MK II (Juni-September). Hasil analisis menunjukkan MK I lebih berpotensi untuk budidaya tanaman kedelai (Glycine max (L) Merril). Kata kunci: Kedelai (Glycine max (L) Merril), Evapotranspirasi, Cropwat 8.0.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi dan Jenis Tepung terhadap Karakteristik Kimia Pasta Ikan Mujair (Oreochromis mossambicus) Yayang Sartika Nevianto Tanjung; I Wayan Widia; Mentari Kinasih
Jurnal BETA (Biosistem dan Teknik Pertanian) Vol 11 No 1 (2023): April
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Pertanian dan Biosistem, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Udayana, Badung, Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JBETA.2023.v11.i01.p23

Abstrak Semua jenis ikan pada dasarnya dapat diolah menjadi pasta ikan, akan tetapi belum tentu memiliki kualitas pasta yang terbaik. Penambahan bahan tambahan berupa tepung sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan tekstur, rendemen, daya ikat air, stabilitas saat disimpan beku, dan mengurangi berat susut akibat pemasakan pada pembuatan produk pasta ikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis dan konsentrasi penambahan tepung terhadap kimia pasta ikan mujair (Oreochromis mossambicus). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) 2 faktorial, dimana faktor I adalah jenis tepung yang terdiri dari 3 taraf perlakuan, yaitu tepung terigu, maizena, tapioka, dan faktor II adalah konsentrasi tepung yang terdiri dari 4 taraf, yaitu 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20%. Adapun parameter pengamatan terhadap sifat kimia pasta ikan mujair meliputi kadar air, derajat keasaman (pH), kadar protein, dan expressible moisture content (EMC). Data hasil pengamatan diolah menggunakan sidik ragam (ANOVA) dan Kruskal-wallis, dan kemudian di uji lanjut Duncan bila terdapat pengaruh yang nyata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interaksi perlakuan jenis dan konsentrasi penambahan tepung berpengaruh nyata terhadap seluruh parameter pengamatan dengan kombinasi perlakuan yang terbaik adalah jenis tepung maizena dengan penambahan konsentrasi sebesar 10% dengan nilai kadar air 73,62%, kadar protein 16,82%; derajat keasaman (pH) sebesar 6,97; dan expressible moisture content (EMC) sebesar 27,70%. Abstract All types of fish can be processed into fish paste, but not necessarily the quality of pasta. The additional ingredients in the form of flour are needed to improve texture, yield, water holding capacity, stability when stored frozen, and reduce weight loss due to cooking in the manufacture of fish paste products. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the type and concentration of flour addition on the chemistry of tilapia fish paste (Oreochromis mossambicus). This study used a 2-factorial completely-randomized design (CRD), where factor I was the type of flour consisting of 3 treatment levels, namely wheat flour, cornstarch, and tapioca, and factor II was flour concentration (5%, 10 %, 15%, and 20%). The parameters for observing the chemical properties of tilapia fish paste include water content, acidity (pH), protein content, and expressible moisture content (EMC). Observational data were processed using variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis, and then Duncan further tested if there was a significant effect. The results showed that the interaction of treatment type and concentration of flour addition had a significant effect on all observation parameters. The best treatment combination is cornstarch with an additional concentration of 10% with a water content value of 73.62%, the protein content of 16.82%; a degree of acidity (pH) of 6.97; and expressible moisture content (EMC) of 27.70%.

Pengaruh Cara Mematikan dan Lama Waktu Post-Mortem terhadap Mutu Kesegaran Filet Ikan Mujair (Oreochromis mossambicus) Oliver Owen; I Wayan Widia; Mentari Kinasih
Jurnal BETA (Biosistem dan Teknik Pertanian) Vol 11 No 2 (2023): September
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Pertanian dan Biosistem, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Udayana, Badung, Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JBETA.2023.v11.i02.p07

Abstrak Filet ikan mujair merupakan salah satu bahan pangan sumber protein yang sangat diperlukan untuk pemenuhan gizi. Mutu kesegaran ikan filet ditentukan oleh beberapa hal, antara lain kualitas bahan baku dan cara mematikan ikan yang digunakan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh cara mematikan dan lama waktu post-mortem terhadap mutu kesegaran filet ikan mujair (Oreochromis mossambicus). Penelitian ini menggunakan percobaan faktorial-RAL (rancangan acak lengkap) dengan 2 faktor, yaitu cara mematikan ikan dan lama waktu post-mortem. Cara mematikan ikan memiliki 3 taraf perlakuan, yaitu mati menggelepar, suhu dingin, dan teknik ikejime. Sedangkan, lama waktu post-mortem memiliki 8 taraf perlakuan, yaitu; 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, dan 14 jam. Perlakuan diulang sebanyak 2 kali, sehingga didapat 24 kombinasi perlakuan dan 48 sampel percobaan. Parameter yang diamati adalah indeks rigor, organoleptik mutu kesegaran ikan, pH, kadar protein, dan organoleptik mutu kesegaran filet. Data hasil pengamatan diolah dengan analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA), uji Duncan, dan uji Kruskal-Wallis. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa cara mematikan dan lama waktu post-mortem berpengaruh nyata terhadap beberapa parameter mutu kesegaran filet ikan mujair. Kombinasi perlakuan terbaik adalah mematikan dengan teknik ikejime dengan lama waktu post-mortem 0 jam dengan karakteristik pH sebesar 6,94, kadar protein sebesar 26,65% dan skor organoleptik daging ikan sebesar 8,80, serta skor tekstur daging ikan sebesar 8,95. Abstract Tilapia fish filet is one of the protein-rich foods needed by the body. The freshness quality of the tilapia fish filet is affected by the quality of the raw materials and the method of killing the fish. This study aimed to determine the effect of the lethal technique and the length of post-mortem time on the freshness of tilapia fish (Oreochromis mossambicus) filets. This study used a factorial-CRD trial (Completely Randomized Design) for two factors. The first factor is how to kill the fish (floating death, cold temperature, and ikejime technique). The second factor was the length of post-mortem time (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 hours). Each treatment was repeated by 2 times so that 48 samples were obtained from 24 treatment combinations. The observed parameters are the rigor index, organoleptic freshness, pH, and protein content. Observational data were processed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Duncan test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. The results of this study indicate that the method of shutting down and the length of time post-mortem significantly affect several parameters of the freshness quality of tilapia fish fillets. The best combination of treatment is lethal with the ikejime technique with a post-mortem time of 0 hours which has a pH of 6.94, protein content of 26.65% and fish meat organoleptic score of 8.80, and fish meat texture score of 8.95.

Efisiensi Kinerja Traktor Singkal dan Traktor Rotari pada Pengolahan Tanah di Subak I Wayan Tika; Sumiyati Sumiyati; Ni Nyoman Sulastri; Ida Ayu Gede Bintang Madrini; Mentari Kinasih
Jurnal BETA (Biosistem dan Teknik Pertanian) Vol 11 No 1 (2023): April
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Pertanian dan Biosistem, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Udayana, Badung, Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JBETA.2023.v11.i01.p02

Abstrak Sebelum petani Subak mengenal traktor, pengolahan tanah dilakukan dengan menggunakan cangkul atau bajak singkal yang ditarik oleh ternak. Pengolahan tanah dengan traktor yang dilengkapi dengan komplemen bajak singkal atau bajak rotari tidak dapat dihindari terjadinya kasus tumpang tindih (overlap) hasil pengolahan, sehingga hasil tanah olahan menjadi tidak efisien. Tumpang tindihnya hasil pengolahan tersebut terlihat dari perbedaan hasil tanah yang diolah. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut diperlukan kajian efisiensi pengolahan tanah pada Subak dengan menggunakan traktor singkal dan traktor rotari pada pengolahan tanah tahap pertama. Efisiensi kerja traktor diukur berdasarkan perbandingan antara kerja teoritis dan kerja riil. Kerja teoritis diukur berdasarkan lebar komplemen alat olah baik bajak singkal maupun rotary serta rata-rata kecepatan gerak maju traktor saat mengolah tanah. Kerja riil diukur berdasarkan hasil kerja secara nyata di lapangan yaitu luasan lahan yang berhasil diolah dalam rentang waktu tertentu. Data kerja riil juga dikonfirmasi berdasarkan hasil diskusi dengan beberapa operator traktor. Dari hasil analisis data diperoleh efisiensi kerja traktor singkal sebesar 77,3% dan traktor rotari 55,2%. Abstract Before Subak farmers were familiar with tractors, land preparation was carried out using hoes or single-handed plows pulled by cattle. Land preparation with a tractor equipped with a complementary or rotary plow cannot be avoided in cases of overlap of processing results so that the processed soil results become inefficient. The overlapping results of the processing can be seen from the differences in the results of the processed soil. Based on these conditions, it is necessary to study the efficiency of tillage in Subak using single-axle tractors and rotary tractors in the first stage of tillage. Tractor work efficiency is measured based on a comparison between theoretical work and real work. Theoretical work is measured based on the width of the complement of the tiller, both short and rotary plows, and the average speed of the tractor's advance when cultivating the land. Real work is measured based on real work results in the field, namely the area of ??land that has been successfully processed within a certain time span. Real work data was also confirmed based on the results of discussions with several tractor operators. From the results of the data analysis, it was obtained that the work efficiency of the short tractor was 77.3% and that of the rotary tractor was 55.2%.

Efisiensi Penggunaan Air Irigasi pada Saluran Sekunder di Daerah Irigasi Tungkub Mentari Kinasih; Ni Nyoman Sulastri; I Wayan Tika; Sumiyati Sumiyati; Ida Ayu Gede Bintang Madrini; Made Darmayasa
Jurnal BETA (Biosistem dan Teknik Pertanian) Vol 11 No 2 (2023): September
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Pertanian dan Biosistem, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Udayana, Badung, Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JBETA.2023.v11.i02.p23

Abstrak Distribusi air irigasi yang baik akan menghasilkan produksi yang baik dan diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani. Efisiensi sebagai faktor yang sangat penting dalam skema irigasi karena menentukan kinerja jaringan irigasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan efisiensi penggunaan air irigasi di DI Tungkub pada saluran sekunder. Penelitian ini mengambil data debit langsung di 11 titik di saluran sekunder. Data iklim diperolah dari NASA POWER dan BMKG Wilayah III Denpasar. Data curah hujan dari 3 stasiun hujan (tibubeneng, kapal, dan mengwi gede). Luas areal sawah yang diamati adalah seluas 416 Ha (Hulu), 349 Ha (Tengah), dan 164 Ha (Hilir). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Zona A memiliki tingkat efisiensi penggunaan tertinggi sebesar 68% terjadi di Mei I dan terendah 14,1% di Maret I. Zona B memiliki efisiensi penggunaan tertinggi sebesar 100% (terjadi di periode April I, April II, Juni II, dan Juli I) dan terendah 0% pada periode Mei I dan Mei II. Zona C memiliki efisiensi penggunaan tertinggi sebesar 100% terjadi pada Juni I dan Juni II, sedangkan efisiensi penggunaan yang terendah terjadi di Maret I sebesar 35%. Abstract Good distribution of irrigation water will produce abundant harvests. It will improve the welfare of farmers. The efficiency of water utilization is important in irrigation schemes because it determines the performance of the irrigation network. This research aims to obtain the efficiency of irrigation water in DI Tungkub in secondary channels. This research took direct debit data at 11 points in the secondary channel. Climate data was obtained from NASA POWER and BMKG Region III Denpasar. Rainfall data was obtained from 3 rain stations (Tibubeneng, Kapal, and Mengwi Gede). The area of ??rice fields observed was 416 Ha (Upstream), 349 Ha (Central), and 164 Ha (Downstream). The research results show that Zone A has the highest usage efficiency level of 68% which occurred in May I and the lowest 14.1% in March I. Zone B has the highest usage efficiency of 100% (occurring in the periods April I, April II, June II, and July I), and the lowest was 0% in the May I and May II periods. Zone C had the highest usage efficiency of 100% which occurred in June I and June II, while the lowest usage efficiency occurred in March I at 35%.

Analisis Kinerja Distribusi Air Irigasi pada Temuku di Subak I Wayan Tika; Mentari Kinasih; Ni Nyoman Sulastri; Sumiyati Sumiyati; Ida Ayu Gede Bintang Madrini
Jurnal BETA (Biosistem dan Teknik Pertanian) Vol 11 No 2 (2023): September
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Pertanian dan Biosistem, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Udayana, Badung, Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JBETA.2023.v11.i02.p27

Abstrak Gangguan distribusi air juga kadang-kadang disebabkan oleh adanya sampah dan faktor pemias (penyusutan debit) serta mengabaikan aliran numbak (aliran lurus) dan ngerirun (aliran berbelok). Dengan pemahaman seperti itu maka petani (krama subak) yang lahannya terletak di hilir cendrung mendapatkan kuota air yang kurang dari seharusnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja manajemen distribusi air irigasi sesuai nilai dan kriteria RPM pada subak tradisional dan subak semi teknis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif-kuantitaif yang menjelaskan peristiwa berdasarkan nilai RPM dari 30 bangunan bagi (temuku) pada subak di Kabupaten Gianyar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 30% memiliki kinerja distribusi air irigasi yang sangat kurang, 30% dengan kriteria kinerja kurang, 13% dengan kriteria kinerja cukup, dan 27% dengan kriteria kinerja baik. Dari hasil tersebut juga dapat diperoleh dimensi baru dari bangunan bagi pada subak dengan pendekatan formula proporsional yang melibatkan variabel luasan subak yang diberikan air irigasi, luasan subak di hilir, serta koefisien gangguan aliran air sekitar 1,05 sampai 1,1. Abstract Disturbances in water distribution are also sometimes caused by the presence of rubbish and biasing factors (decreased discharge) also ignoring the flow of numbak (straight flow) and ngerirun (curved flow). With this understanding, farmers (krama subak) whose land is located downstream tend to get less water quota than they should. This research aims to determine the performance of irrigation water distribution management according to RPM values ??and criteria in traditional subak and semi-technical Subak. This research uses a descriptive-quantitative method that explains events based on the RPM values ??of 30 buildings for (temuku) in Subak in Gianyar Regency. The research results showed that 30% had very poor irrigation water distribution performance, 30% had poor performance criteria, 13% had sufficient performance criteria, and 27% had good performance criteria. From these results, it is also possible to obtain a new dimension of the subak building using a proportional formula approach involving variables of the area of ??the subak provided with irrigation water, the area of ??the subak downstream, as well as a water flow disturbance coefficient of around 1.05 to 1.1.

Efisiensi Kinerja Traktor Singkal dan Rotari pada Proses Nyacahin Di Subak Tika, I Wayan; Madrini, Ida Ayu Gede Bintang; Sumiyati, Sumiyati; Sulastri, Ni Nyoman; Kinasih, Mentari
Jurnal BETA (Biosistem dan Teknik Pertanian) Vol 12 No 2 (2024): September
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Pertanian dan Biosistem, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Udayana, Badung, Bali, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24843/JBETA.2024.v12.i02.p17

Abstrak Kegiatan pengolahan tanah di subak dapat mengurangi perkembangan tanaman pengganggu (gulma), dapat menggemburkan tanah, dan mengondisikan sifat biofisik tanah. Pengolahan tanah pada kedalaman tertentu mampu memberikan hasil yang cocok bagi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman. Saat ini pengolahan tanah sawah pada subak di Bali umumnya menggunakan traktor tangan baik yang berkomplemen bajak singkal maupun bajak rotari. Jika menggunakan bajak singkal tahapan pengolahan tanah meliputi makal (pembalikan tanah), nyacahin (memperkecil ukuran bongkahan tanah), dan selanjutnya ngasahan (meratakan). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efisiensi pengolahan tanah pada pengolahan tanah tahap kedua di subak dengan menggunakan traktor singkal dan traktor rotari. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi dan pengukuran kapasitas keja riil (lapangan) dari traktor yang digunakan pada saat pengolahan tanah. Beberapa asumsi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kondisi teknis dari traktor-traktor yang digunakan, komplemen-komplemen traktor yang digunakan, dan keterampilan operator diasumsikan sama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kinerja teoritis dan kinerja riil diperoleh efisiensi kinerja traktor rotari pada proses nyacahin (pengolahan tanah tahap kedua) pada subak sebesar 41% dan efisiensi kinerja traktor singkal sebesar 17,8%. Salah satu penyebab rendahnya efisiensi kinerja traktor singkal pada proses nyacahin adalah olahan tanah dalam sekali lintasan mendapatkan hasil yang kurang halus, sedangkan olahan tanah dengan traktor rotari menghasilkan tanah yang halus. Topografi lahan dan ketersediaan air merupakan faktor yang juga besar pengaruhnya terhadap nilai efisiensi kinerja traktor, selain faktor alat dan operator. Abstract Land processing activities in Subak can reduce the development of weeds, loosen the soil, and condition the biophysical properties of the soil. Subak in Bali is generally processed using hand tractors (either equipped with singkal plows or rotary plows). If using a singkal plow, the stages of tillage include makal (turning the soil), nyacahin (reducing the size of the chunks of soil), and then ngasahan (leveling). This research aims to determine the efficiency of land processing in the second stage of land processing in Subak using singkal tractors and rotary tractors. This research uses the observation method and measures the real (field) working capacity of the tractor used during land processing. Some of the assumptions used in this research are that the technical condition of the tractors used, the tractor accessories used, and the operator's skills are assumed to be the same. The results showed that the performance efficiency of the rotary tractor in the nyacahin process (second stage of tillage) in Subak was 41% and the performance efficiency of the singkal tractor was 17.8%. The low-performance efficiency of single tractors in the nyacahin process causes processing the soil in one pass to produce results that are less than fine, whereas processing the soil with a rotary tractor produces fine soil. Land topography and water availability are factors that also influence the efficiency value of tractor performance, apart from equipment and operator factors.

Model Optimasi Pola Tanam Polikultur di Daerah Irigasi KAJAR 2C Kota Malang Kinasih, Mentari; Wirosoedarmo, Ruslan; Suharto, Bambang
Jurnal Pertanian Terpadu Vol 6 No 2 (2018): Jurnal Pertanian Terpadu Jilid VI Nomor 2 Desember 2018
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Pertanian Kutai Timur

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36084/jpt..v6i2.161

The 21.61 Ha of Irrigation area (IA) Kajar 2C is technical irrigation network located in Malang City. This research aims to develop the local commodity, there are rice, corn, cassava, and peanut. The Optimation method used linear programming by solver. The optimation cropping pattern scenario consists of 3 alternative, there are: (1) Rice/Rice/Rice; (2) Rice/Rice/Corn-Peanut; and (3) Cassava-Peanut/Cor/Corn. Every scenario is simulated by cropping patterns alternative by changing planting schedules existing from Oktober I, Oktober II, and Oktober III. Based on the results, the highest profits for each cropping pattern is X5 cropping pattern 7,203 Ha; X6 cropping pattern 10,78 Ha; and X8 cropping pattern 3,627 Ha. The maximum profit is Rp. 146.888.280.

Increasing Physical Soil Quality by Using Rice Straw Biomass Sumiyati, Sumiyati; Tika, I Wayan; Sulastri, Ni Nyoman; Kinasih, Mentari
Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) Vol. 13 No. 4 (2024): December 2024
Publisher : The University of Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jtep-l.v13i4.1006-1012

Paddy straw as an agricultural waste can be returned to the soil to increase the organic matter content. This study aims to determine the optimum inoculant treatment of rice paddy straw on soil quality. The straw handling was carried out by spreading the straw on paddy fields and sprayed with four inoculant treatments (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 L/ha). The incubation process was carried out for 21 days and incorporated in the soil through plowing. Each treatment was repeated three times so that the total treatment was 15 units. The variables observed in each treatment were soil quality. The soil quality parameters observed were particle density, bulk density, porosity, field capacity and pH. ANOVA statistical analysis which was continued by the Tukey HSD Post Hoc Test to determine the effect of treatment on soil quality. The results showed that the inoculant treatments showed a significant difference (p-value=0.05) in soil volume, density, and porosity. P4 gave the optimum results which are statistically not significantly different from P3. P4 shows the physical properties of the soil which consist of the soil bulk density of 0.61 g/cm3; particle density 1.74 g/cm3; porosity was 64.91%, and pH 6.68. The utilization of straw biomass as source of organic material contributes to zero waste rice cultivation. Keywords: Effective microorganisms, Rice straw, Soil density, Soil pH, Soil porosity.

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