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All Journal Science and Technology Indonesia Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology Jurnal Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Jurnal Aplikasi dan Inovasi Iptek (JASINTEK)
Jamal Basmal, Jamal
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics Other

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Journal : Science and Technology Indonesia

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Physical Properties of Biodegradable Chitosan-Cassava Starch Based Bioplastic Film Mechanics Kusumawati, Rinta; Syamdidi; Abdullah, Akbar Hanif Dawam; Nissa, Rossy Choerun; Firdiana, Bonita; Handayani, Rini; Munifah, Ifah; Dewi, Fera Roswita; Basmal, Jamal; Wibowo, Singgih
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.1.191-200

Abstract

Petroleum-derived plastics are widely used but pollute the environment significantly. The development of biodegradable plastics is urgently needed to be replaced. The mechanism for making bioplastic films from cassava starch-chitosan/glycerol uses a double-screw extruder process. The film took into account the multi-hydroxyl capacity of starch by combining glycerol (in a ratio of 3:1 w/w) and chitosan (at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% (w/w). The impact of chitosan involvement on the characteristics of the bioplastic material was studied, including physical, thermal, mechanical, and biodegradability properties. The findings showed that using chitosan as a filler in cassava starch bioplastics resulted in bioplastic films with high compressive capacity and water resistance. The resulting biopolymer’s contact angle was increased by including C-O functional groups in the molecule, as evidenced at a wavelength of 1028 cm-1 of the FTIR spectra. The contact angle was increased from theta = 65.3059 ± 2.7936◦ to theta = 68.6047 ± 3.2391◦. An increase in tensile strength was also observed, indicating increased stiffness compared to chitosan-free bioplastics. The best bioplastic blend was the formulation of cassava starch and glycerol containing 0.5% chitosan. Bioplastic has physical properties of density 0.8625 ± 0.0277 g/mL; contact angle 68.6046 ± 3.2391◦; water uptake 11.0660 ± 0.3709%; tensile strength 2.0181 ± 0.0594 MPa; elongation 54.2243 ± 3.2623%; thermal 137.5◦C; moisture content 4.9464 ± 0.1172%; and the fastest biodegradation rate. The bioplastic synthesized in this study is readily biodegradable in the natural environment, making it highly sustainable and more environmentally friendly, and it can be a viable substitute to reduce the use of petroleum-based bioplastic.
Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Microfibril (MFC) from Gracilaria sp. with Different Quality Grades Nurhayati; Irianto, Hari Eko; Supriyanto, Agus; Kusumawati, Rinta; Basmal, Jamal; Munifah, Ifah; Setiawati, Natalia Prodiana; Kusumaningrum, Wida Banar; Amanda, Putri; Roziafanto, Ahmad Nandang; Riastuti, Rini; Chalid, Muchamad
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.3.712-724

Abstract

The cellulose found in Gracilaria sp. has not been utilized optimally. This study investigated the characteristics of cellulose and cellulose microfibril (MFC) isolated from three grades of Gracilaria sp. Descriptive tests were performed to determine the quality of eachgrade, including observations on moisture content, ashcontent, CAW,andimpurities. The extraction process involved separating agar from Gracilaria sp., isolating cellulose using 10% NaOH, and bleaching cellulose with 3% NaOCl. The bleached cellulose was then ultrasonicated to produce MFC. Characterization was performed using FTIR, XRD, PSA, STA, DSC, and py-GC/MS. FTIR analysis indicated similar peaks for both cellulose forms but only differed in transmittance intensity. The crystallinity index from XRD analysis was 22–39% for raw Gracilaria sp., 25–46% for cellulose, and 68–89% for MFC. The particle size distribution of MFC mostly ranged between 200–500 nm, with 63.16% frequency. TG analysis showed cellulose decomposition with a Tonset of 231–260oC and a Tmax of 318–326oC. DSC analysis revealed that sonication enhances the polymer structure’s crystallization compared to pre-sonicated cellulose and raw material. The py-GC/MS analysis showed that D-allose and n-Hexadecanoic acid were the major components.
Co-Authors Abd Saddam Mujib Agus Supriyanto Akbar Hanif Dawam Abdullah, Akbar Hanif Dawam Amanda, Putri Bagus Sediadi Bandol Utomo, Bagus Sediadi Bandol Bandol Utomo, Bagus Sediadi Chalid, Muchamad Chandrika Eka Larasati, Chandrika Eka Dewi, Fera Roswita Diana Natalia Ema Hastarini Farida Ariyani Firdiana, Bonita Fithriani, Diini Fitriani, Syawalina Hari Eko Irianto Ifah Munifah Ikasari, Diah Kholilah, Nenik Kusumaningrum, Wida Banar Lumbessy, Salnida Yuniarti Mardiyana, Indri Nanda Diniarti Nissa, Rossy Choerun Nunik Cokrowati Nurhayati Nuridha, Ahmad Nurliah Buhari Prodiana, Natalia Rahman, Ibadur Rhojim Wahyudi Rini Handayani Rini Riastuti, Rini Rinta Kusumawati, Rinta Roziafanto, Ahmad Nandang Rusmin Nuryadin Saptono Waspodo Singgih Wibowo, Singgih Sinurat, Ellya Sitti Hilyana SUWARTI Syamdidi Th. Dwi Suryaningrum Tri Nugroho Yasir