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All Journal Politika: Jurnal Ilmu Politik Jurnal Filsafat Journal of SouthEast Asian Human Rights Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun Jurnal Filsafat Jurnal HAM Khazanah: Jurnal Studi Islam dan Humaniora Jurnal Review Pendidikan dan Pengajaran (JRPP) International Journal of Indonesian Philosophy & Theology JOURNAL SCIENTIFIC OF MANDALIKA (JSM) DISKURSUS Jurnal Filsafat dan Teologi Jurnal Politik Millah: Journal of Religious Studies Jurnal Ledalero

Otto Gusti Ndegong Madung

Institut Filsafat Dan Tenologi Kreatif (IFTK) Ledalero, Maumere 86152, Flores, NTT

Author-ID : 5748349

Religion Arts Humanities Astronomy Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Other

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Krisis Demokrasi dan Tirani Meritokrasi Menurut Michael Sandel Otto Gusti Madung
Jurnal Ledalero Vol 19, No 2 (2020): Jurnal Ledalero
Publisher : Institut Filsafat dan Teknologi Kreatif Ledalero

This article aims to introduce the basic thesis of Michael Sandel as described in the book the Tyranny of Merit about the link between the contemporary crisis of democracy and meritocracy. The crisis of democracy today is shown through the increasing wave of right-wing populism in some democratic countries in Europe and the USA. According to Michael Sandel, the crisis of democracy is caused by the policy of meritocracy launched by the liberal democracy that has marginalized the groups of the middle class and working class. Furthermore, the article argues that populist leaders such as Donald Trump succeed in capitalizing on the grievances and frustration of social groups and expressing them as a political agenda. Based on the communitarianism of Michael Sandel, this article offers a solution to strengthen the role of social solidarity and community to cope with individualism and the crisis of liberal democracy. Key words: Crisis of democracy, meritocracy, liberalism, communitaranism, Michael Sandel.

Toleransi dan Diskursus Post-Sekularisme Otto Gusti Madung
Jurnal Ledalero Vol 15, No 2 (2016): Lima Ratus Tahun Reformasi Protestan
Publisher : Institut Filsafat dan Teknologi Kreatif Ledalero

This essay presents two types of tolerance: passive tolerance and active or authentic tolerance. Passive tolerance is vertical and is illustrated in the attitude of one being forced by a pluralist societal situation to allow others to exist. Here tolerance is a gift from the powerful majority but can be taken away at any time if minorities infringe a number of conditions. Active or authentic tolerance accepts the right to existence, freedom and the wish of others to develop precisely as others. This principle of tolerance is in accord with the situation of contemporary democratic societies that are plural and which are characterized by potential conflict due to differing concepts of the good life. This essay illustrates how the concept of authentic tolerance is an appropriate model for a post-secular society marked by an increasingly public function by religion. Keywords: Passive tolerance, active tolerance, secularization, postsecularism,public reason,religion --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tulisan ini memperkenalkan dua jenis toleransi yakni toleransi pasif dan toleransi aktif atau autentik. Toleransi pasif bersifat vertikal dan tampak dalam sikap terpaksa membiarkan yang lain hidup karena realitas sosial yang plural. Di sini toleransi adalah hadiah dari penguasa dan setiap saat dapat dicabut kembali jika kaum minoritas melanggar sejumlah ketentuan. Toleransi aktif atau autentik mengiakan hak hidup atau keberadaan, kebebasan dan kehendak yang lain sebagai yang lain untuk berkembang. Prinsip toleransi ini sesuai dengan kondisi masyarakat demokratis dan plural kontemporer yang diwarnai potensi konflik lantaran perbedaan konsep good life. Tulisan ini akan menunjukkan bahwa konsep toleransi autentik merupakan konsep yang cocok dengan kondisi masyarakat post-sekular yang ditandai dengan menguatnya peran publik agama- agama. Kata-kata kunci: Toleransi pasif, toleransi aktif, sekularisasi, postsekularisme,nalar publik, agama

Liberalisme versus Perfeksionisme? Sebuah Tinjauan Filsafat Politik tentang Relasi Antara Agama dan Negara Otto Gusti Madung
Jurnal Ledalero Vol 12, No 2 (2013): AGAMA DAN NEGARA
Publisher : Institut Filsafat dan Teknologi Kreatif Ledalero

Intolerance and violence in the name of religion often flare up in Indonesia. In this regard the state often fails, and indeed itself becomes part of the violation of the citizen’s right to religious freedom. One root of the problem is a confused understanding among law enforcers and among a part of the citizenship concerning the relationship between religion and the state, between private and public morality. This essay attempts to formulate a concept of the relationship between religion and the state from the perspective of two models from political philosophy, namely liberalism and perfectionism. Perfectionism offers a solution to the pathology of liberalism which tends to privatise the concept of the good life. In perfectionism the thematisation of the concept of the good life as in ideologies and religions has to be given a place in the public sphere. In Indonesia this role is taken by the national ideology of Pancasila. Pancasila requires that religious values be translated into public morality. Kata-kata Kunci: liberalisme, perfeksionisme, konsep hidup baik (agama), negara, Pancasila.

PANCASILA, DEMOKRASI LIBERAL DAN KOMUNITARISME Otto Gusti Madung
Jurnal Ledalero Vol 13, No 2 (2014): Gerakan Sosial untuk Perubahan Sosial
Publisher : Institut Filsafat dan Teknologi Kreatif Ledalero

The domcratisation process which has been pursued by the Indonesian nation since the reformation era is now caught up in a procedural democracy without the wellbeing of the people or social justice. Proceduralism is the most basic criticism of liberal democracy by republicans and communitarians. From a communitarian perspective, the Pancasila state ideology as the normative base and collective identity of the Indonesian nation is able to offer a way out of the crisis of liberal democracy as practised in Indonesia. This essay attempts to show that it is not an effort to build a democratic order upon procedural ethics as is assumed by liberals, but rather the need to provide a substantial ethical foundation. This is the case as a democratic system is not filled with atomistic individuals but with social relationships. A democratic process always moves within a society shaped by social relationships and various complex processes for the formation of communities. Democracy is built upon a collective identity which is formal yet fragile. In the Indonesian context, the Pancasila is the collective expression the nation’s identity. As a collective identity, the Pancasila will never be complete, but will always be in a state of becoming rediscovering itself anew. In the final section, two methods are presented, namely the method of deliberative and agonistic democracy as a way proposed by contemporary political philosophy in overcoming conflicts in values in the face of pluralism. The Pancasila will become the collective identity which animates the people of Indonesia, only when it is open to a process of rational deliberation in the public sphere and is ready to be only one alternative in the midst of a competitive discourse. Kata-kata kunci: liberalisme, komunitarisme, Pancasila, identitas kolektif, demokrasi, deliberasi, agonistik.

Demokrasi Sebagai Diskursus dan Deliberasi Menurut Jűrgen Habermas Paulus Pati Lewar; Otto Gusti Ndegong Madung
Jurnal Ledalero Vol 21, No 2 (2022): Jurnal Ledalero
Publisher : Institut Filsafat dan Teknologi Kreatif Ledalero

Abstract: This article attempts to reconstruct and analyse the Habermas’ view on democracy as discourse and deliberation. The concept of deliberative and discursive democracy is a model of criticism toward an attempt to narrow the conception about democracy simply as an institutional matter. The concept of deliberative democracy emphasizes the importance of public discursive participation of citizens by establishing critical public sphere that is the heart of democracy. Furthermore, Habermas highlights that there is no rule of law without radical democracy. Such radical democracy is expressed through the active involvement of citizens in public sphere to express ideas that have impact on political decisions and public policy. This article accentuates that the transformation of public opinion to be a political power is an ongoing process. Therefore, an authentic democracy presupposes a critical publicity and democratic political culture. Without a voluntary citizens’ initiative in this regard, a state will have no future. To support thisarguments, the writer uses literature research method by analyzing the main work of Jȕrgen Habermas on deliberative democracy namely Faktizitӓt und Geltung (Facts and Norms), as well as some secondary literatures dealing with the thoughts of Habermas on democracy.Keywords: Habermas, deliberative democracy, discourse, pluralism, state

KORUPSI, PATRONASE, DAN DEMOKRASI Otto Gusti Madung
Jurnal Ledalero Vol 15, No 1 (2016): Korupsi
Publisher : Institut Filsafat dan Teknologi Kreatif Ledalero

Corruption involves a self-interested misuse of power. Its effects are wide reaching, in particular on the quality of life of the poor. A corrupt country fails to prepare social assistance for the poor, and also results in the inability to create work opportunities for its citizens. Corruption is usually divided into three categories, namely that which involves an individual’s authority (deceiving, stealing), that which involves two persons acting together (gratification, extortion) and corruption as a system of patronage. This essay focuses on the third model, as the result of the practice of procedural democracy as experienced in Indonesia after the 1998 “Reformation”. In the final section the author suggests that we apply democracy as a popular control of public affairs and as a politics of the citizens’ equality of rights, as put forward by David Beetham, as a solution to the practice of corrupt patronage democacry.

POPULISME, KRISIS DEMOKRASI, DAN ANTAGONISME | POPULISM, THE CRISIS OF DEMOCRACY, AND ANTAGONISM Otto Gusti Madung
Jurnal Ledalero Vol 17, No 1 (2018): RADIKALISME
Publisher : Institut Filsafat dan Teknologi Kreatif Ledalero

Abstract: Populism generally expresses the conflict between the majority of the people who are “out of power” versus the powerful small elites. The competition is the response to the perpetuating social divisiveness between the small elites and the marginalized majority. Hence, populism can be described as a social and political protest of the citizens against the failures of elitically and pro establishment oriented representative democracy. In this case, the democracy tends to leave the people behind who are the primary goal of the the democracy itself. This essay tries to pose some criticism against the practices of the liberal democracy tranformed into a consensus machine and in this way ignores the dissensual or conflictual aspect of the democracy. The dissensus democracy emphasizes the unlimited conflictual dimension of the democratic discourse. From the point of view of the dissensual democracy, populism can appear as social transformative forces that bring back the democracy to its original meaning as an expression of the people’s sovereignity. However, this can only be realized in a pluralistic millieu and populism can be transformed into an antagonistic democracy. Finally, the essay argues that the practices of populisme in Indonesia fail to be an alternative and antagonistic power to the practices of the Indonesian democracy coopted by the predatory oligarchy. The reason is that the populistic leaders in Indonesia including the Jokowi regime fail to transform the populistic ideas into the new democratic institutions independent from the domination of the oligarchic political parties inherited by the New Order regime. Keywords: Populism, Democracy, Antagonism, Dissensus, Indonesia Abstrak: Secara umum populisme mengungkapkan pertentangan antara rakyat kebanyakan (the people) yang tidak berkuasa versus segelintir kecil elite yang berkuasa. Pertarungan tersebut merupakan tanggapan atas persoalan kesenjangan sosial berkepanjangan antara elite penguasa versus mayoritas masyarakat yang berada di luar kekuasaan. Oleh karena itu, populisme dapat diartikan sebagai ekspresi protes warga masyarakat terhadap sejumlah kegagalan demokrasi representatif yang cenderung elitis dan pro establishment dan melupakan masyarakat umum yang menjadi tujuan awal dari demokrasi. Di dalam artikel ini dikemukakan sejumlah kritik terhadap praktik demokrasi liberal yang sudah bertransformasi menjadi mesin konsensus dan mengabaikan aspek disensus. Demokrasi disensus menekankan aspek pertentangan yang tak terselesaikan secara argumentatif dalam proses demokrasi. Dalam kaca mata demokrasi disensus, populisme dapat tampil sebagai kekuatan transformatif dan mengembalikan makna demokrasi kepada kedaulatan rakyat yang sesungguhnya. Namun, untuk maksud itu, populisme harus menanggalkan corak antipluralisme dan menjadi demokrasi antagonistis. Pada bagian akhir tulisan ini diuraikan juga bahwa di Indonesia politik populisme gagal menjadi kekuatan antagonistik dan emansipatoris terhadap demokrasi yang terkooptasi kekuatan oligarkis. Alasannya, para pemimpin populis termasuk rezim Jokowi gagal menginstitusionalisasikan ide-ide populis dalam institusi demokratis baru yang terlepas dan bebas dari cengkeraman partai-partai politik oligarkis warisan Orde Baru. Kata-kata Kunci: Populisme, Demokrasi, Antagonsme, Disensus, Indonesia

PARADIGMA HOLISME HEGELIAN DAN KRITIK ATAS LIBERALISME Otto Gusti Madung
Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun Vol 2 No 2 (2014): Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun
Publisher : SCAD Independent

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Liberal political ideology that promotes the democratization agenda and the implementation of human rights is seen as a normative goal of global political developments today. But liberalism does not actually escape from various critics. One radical criticism against liberalism derived from the communitarian camp that liberalism tends to privatize the concept of good life (religion, ideology) and put it in the private sphere. An important result or this is the lack of social solidarity. This paper tries to sharpen the criticism of the communitarian camp over liberalism with the knife of the Hegelian concept of holism. In liberal political theory, integralism or holism is criticized as the cause of totalitarian political systems. In this description will be shown that integralism or holism should not be contrary to the principles of individual rights. Holism or integralism suggests some fundamental criticisms of liberalism and proposes some solutions to overcome the problem of pathology of liberalism.

Populism, Radical Democracy, and the Indonesian Process of Democratization Madung, Otto Gusti Ndegong; Mai, Adrianus Yohanes
Politika: Jurnal Ilmu Politik Vol 13, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Magister Ilmu Politik, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Diponegoro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/politika.13.1.2022.131-148

This paper discusses the ideas of populism as highlighted by Mouffe and Laclau to analyze its relevance for Indonesian democracy context. Populism is a political style which is a source for change based on the systematic use of rhetorical appeal to the people. This research focuses on populism in relation to democracy which brings forth left and right-wing populism. The concept of populism in general leads us to look at the fact of populism in Indonesia democracy context. Some crisis such us economic crisis, poverty, inequality and the failure of the government in looking after the common will and the common good of people lead to create a ‘populist moment’ particularly in Indonesia context. Therefore, radical democracy and left populism of Chantal Mouffe and Ernesto Laclau which this research is focusing on, offers some relevant suggestions to enhance the democratic participation of the people to overcome some crises in Indonesia democracy, which is mostly being co-opted by predatory oligarchy.

Human Rights and Views of the Catholic Church under Habermas Discourse Theory Madung, Otto Gusti Ndegong; Sihombing, Adison Adrianus; Prasojo, Zaenuddin Hudi
Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights Vol 7 No 2 (2023): December 2023
Publisher : University of Jember

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19184/jseahr.v7i2.38464

This article aims to explain the views of the Catholic Church on human rights and put them into dialogue with the concept of human rights based on discourse theory as put forward by Jürgen Habermas. In the view of the Catholic Church, the ethical basis for the concept of human rights is the biblical view of human beings as being made in the image of God, which later became the forerunner to the birth of the concept of human dignity and the ethical basis for human rights. This article shows that the discourse theory rejects this theological model of justification for human rights. The criticism of the discourse theory as it relates to an absolute paradigm is that the absolute paradigm requires metaphysical premises. However, in a modern society characterized by a pluralism of worldviews and philosophical and religious beliefs, such metaphysical claims are no longer acceptable. Through the lens of discourse theory, the foundation of the notion of human rights cannot be based on the pre-political basis of religious values. This discourse theory grounding model is based on the conditions of contemporary post-metaphysical society, characterized by a plurality of comprehensive doctrines. However, Habermas emphasizes the role of religion in the public sphere in promoting human rights. He advocates for the reinvention of public reason by encouraging religious people to translate sacred terms into secular language when entering formal political spaces. According to Habermas’ theories, democratic decision-making must allow citizens the right to use religious terms in public debate. Furthermore, this article shows that discourse theory creates a roadmap for human rights by allowing religion, law, and politics to coexist. Only if we adhere to the principles of discourse theory can we guarantee the fair and just participation of both secular and religious members in a democratic constitutional state. Keywords: Human Rights, Catholic Church, Religion, Habermas’s Discourse Theory

Co-Authors Adison Adrianus Sihombing Adrianus Yohanes Mai Amandus Benediktus Seran Klau Kasiwali, Yulius Candra Mere, Winibaldus Stefanus Mingkol, Maria Nanto, Yohanes De Brito Paulus Pati Lewar Puplius Meinrad Buru Regus, Maksimus Winibaldus Stefanus Mere Winibaldus Stefanus Mere Zaenuddin Hudi Prasojo

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