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GAMBARAN ANGKA KEJADIAN Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) DI RSUD ULIN BANJARMASIN MEI-JULI 2014 Sholihah, Amalia; Sikumbang, Kenanga Marwan; Husairi, Ahmad
Jurnal Berkala Kedokteran Vol 11, No 1 (2015): Februari 2015
Publisher : Pendidikan Dokter Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jbk.v11i1.192

Post operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are defined as episode of nausea and emesis after a surgical act and before hospital discharge. Over 100 million patients undergo surgery in the worldwide with about 30% experiencing PONV. PONV have been associated with multifactorial such as age, gender, anaesthesia techniques, and type of surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of PONV in RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin May-July 2014. It was a descriftive study. Data was collected from a questioner on the first postoperative day. Consecutive sampling was used with a total of 96 patients as the subjects of this study. Of the 96 patients studied, 26 patients (27.08%) experienced PONV. The highest incidence of PONV occurred the age group 40-54 years with 11 patients (11.46%). Most of patients with PONV were female with 18 patients (18.75%). Based on the type of anaesthesia techniques used, those who were given general anaesthesia were the ones who mostly experienced PONV with 18 patients (18,75%). There were 12 patients (12.50%) who experienced PONV undergone digestive surgery. In conclusion, the highest incidence of ponv was found in the age group 40-54 years, female gender, patients who received general anaesthesia, and patients undergone digestive surgery.Â Keywords: post operative nausea and vomiting (PONV), age, gender, general anaesthesia techniques, type of surgery.

EFEK KOMBINASI PARASETAMOL DAN KODEIN SEBAGAI ANALGESIA PREEMPTIF PADA PASIEN DENGAN ORIF EKSTREMITAS BAWAH Sahurrahmanisa, Sahurrahmanisa; Sikumbang, Kenanga Marwan; Istiana, Istiana
Berkala Kedokteran Vol 13, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jbk.v13i1.3445

Abstract: Postoperative pain is a complex pain response which often occurred in post-operative patient. Effective pain management is conducted by giving preemptive analgesia, preventive analgesia and multimodal. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect combination of paracetamol 325 mg and codeine 10 mg in a patient with ORIF inferior extremity. This was an observational analytic study with a cross sectional method and 32 respondents were included by consecutive sampling method. The result of this study, in group with the combination of paracetamol and codeine there are 4 respondents (25.0%) of mild pain, 12 respondents (75.0%) of moderate pain, and thereâs none had severe pain, and the group without combination therapy thereâs no mild pain, 7 respondents (43.8%) of moderate pain, and 9 respondents (56.2%) of severe pain. The statistic analyses with Kolmogorov Smirnov p-value <0.05, it can be concluded that in this study a combination of paracetamol and codeine are effective as a preemptive analgesia.Â Keywords: postoperative pain, preemptive analgesia, visual analog scale (VAS), paracetamol, codeineÂ Abstrak: Nyeri pasca bedah merupakan respon nyeri yang sering dirasakan pasien setelah pembedahan dengan respon yang kompleks. Penanganan nyeri yang efektif dilakukan dengan pemberian analgesia preemptif, analgesia preventif, dan analgesia multimodal. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisi efek kombinasi parasetamol 325 mg dan kodein 10 mg sebagai analgesia preemptif pada pasien dengan ORIF ekstremitas bawah. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan observasional analitik cross sectional dengan teknik consecutive sampling didapatkan 32 sampel. Hasil penelitian, pada kelompok yang diberikan kombinasi parasetamol dan kodein sebanyak 4(25.0%) nyeri ringan, 12 (75.0%) nyeri sedang dan tidak didapatkan nyeri berat, sedangkan pada kelompok yang tidak diberikan kombinasi parasetamol dan kodein tidak ditemukan nyeri ringan, sebanyak 7 (43.8%) nyeri sedang dan 9 (56.2%) nyeri berat. Analisa statistik menggunakan Komogorov Smirnov didapatkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara kedua kelompok dengan nilai p value < 0,05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan pada penelitian ini kombinasi parasetamol dan kodein dapat digunakan sebagai analgesia preemptif.Â Kata-kata kunci: nyeri paska bedah, analgesia preemptif, visual analog scale (VAS) , parasetamol, kodein.

Efek Pemberian Cairan Koloid dan Kristaloid terhadap Tekanan Darah Azizah, Rebika Nurul; Sikumbang, Kenanga Marwan; Asnawati, Asnawati
Berkala Kedokteran Vol 12, No 1 (2016): Februari 2016
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jbk.v12i1.352

Abstract: Maternal hypotension is a serious problem that most commonly occurs after spinal anesthesia in cesarean section. To reduce the incidence of maternal hypotension, mother with spinal anasthesia for cesarean section can be given fluids intravenously using crystalloid or colloid.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of colloid and crystalloid fluid to blood pressure in mother with spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. This study was cross sectional observational analytic. There were 2 groups in this study, crystalloid group and colloid group. Sampels in each group were 20 subject. Generalized linier models test showed the value of P > 0.05 for each hemodynamic markers (Systolic and diastolic pressure at 5th, 10th, and 15th minutes). On the statistical test value of systolic ( P= 0.379) and diastolic ( P= 0.654). It can be concluded that crystalloid and colloid fluid were equally efective to defend blood pressure in patients with spinal anesthesia for caesarean sectionKeywords: blood pressure, spinal anesthesia, cesarean section, crystalloid, colloid.Â Abstrak: Hipotensi pada ibu hamil adalah masalah serius yang paling umum terjadi pasca anestesi spinal pada seksio sesarea. Untuk mengurangi kejadian hipotensi tersebut dapat diberikan cairan intravena berupa kristaloid atau koloid. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membandingkan efek penggunaan cairan koloid dan kristaloid terhadap tekanan darah pasien seksio sesaria dengan anestesi spinal. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional analitik cross sectional. Dua puluh pasien yang telah diberikan cairan kristaloid dan 20 pasien lainnya yang diberikan cairan koloid. Dari uji statistik dengan generaliz linier model didapatkan nilai P= >0.05 pada setiap penanda hemodinamik (TDS dan TDD pada menit ke-5, 10, dan 15). Pada uji statistik tersebut nilai TDS (P = 0.379) dan TDD (P = 0.654). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa cairan kristaloid dan koloid sama efektifnya dalam mempertahankan tekanan darah pada ibu hamil dengan seksio sesarea yang dilakukan anestesi spinal.Â Kata-kata kunci: tekanan darah, anestesi spinal, seksio sesarea, kristaloid, koloid.

HUBUNGAN SKOR GLASGOW COMA SCALE (GCS) DENGAN JUMLAH TROMBOSIT PADA PASIEN CEDERA KEPALA DI IGD RSUD ULIN BANJARMASIN Yutami, Annisa; Sikumbang, Kenanga Marwan; Asnawati, Asnawati
Berkala Kedokteran Vol 12, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jbk.v12i2.1879

Abstract: Head injuries are a public health and a serious socio-economic problems in the world. Head injury classified quantitatively using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score. Consumptive coagulopathy that often arises in patients with head injury associated with a tenfold adjusted risk of death. Consumptive coagulopathy marked by a decrease in the number of platelets. The purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between GCS score with total platelet count in head injury patients at Emergency Department Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin. This study was an observational analytic cross sectional study. Seventy three samples were obtained according to the inclusions criteria with 28 mild head injury patients, 26 moderate head injury patients, and 19 severe head injury patients. Seven patients had thrombocytopenia, from moderate head injury and severe head injury groups. From statistical test using one way ANOVA with confidence level of 95% was obtained p=0.402. It can be concluded that there is no relationship between GCS score with total platelet count in head injury patients at Emergency Department Ulin General Hospital.Â Keywords: head injury, GCS, platelet countÂ Abstrak: Cedera kepala merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat dan sosial ekonomi yang serius di dunia. Cedera kepala diklasifikasikan secara kuantitatif menggunakan skor Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Koagulopati konsumtif yang sering muncul pada pasien cedera kepala dapat meningkatkan risiko kematian menjadi sepuluh kali lipat. Koagulopati konsumtif ditandai dengan penurunan jumlah trombosit. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara skor GCS dengan jumlah trombosit pada pasien cedera kepala di IGD RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional analitik cross sectional. Didapatkan 73 sampel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi, dengan perincian 28 pasien cedera kepala ringan (CKR), 26 pasien cedera kepala sedang (CKS), dan 19 pasien cedera kepala berat (CKB). Tujuh pasien mengalami trombositopenia, dari kelompok pasien cedera kepala sedang dan cedera kepala berat. Dari uji statistikÂ menggunakanone-way ANOVA dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% didapatkan nilai p=0,402. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara skor GCS dengan jumlah trombosit pada pasien cedera kepala di IGD RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin.Â Kata-kata Kunci: cedera kepala, GCS, jumlah trombosit

HEMODYNAMIC STABILITY AND RECOVERY TIME OF PROPOFOL AND SEVOFLURANE IN ULIN GENERAL HOSPITAL BANJARMASIN Lesiana, Rina; Sikumbang, Kenanga Marwan; Istiana, Istiana; Susianto, Oky; Wydiamala, Erida
Berkala Kedokteran Vol 13, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/jbk.v13i2.4070

Abstract: The main interest in general anesthesia is safety and the well being of the patient especially the stability of hemodynamic during induction until extubation. The most common causes of prolonging awakening are residual effects of drugs either anesthetics, sedatives, and analgesics. This study aimed to compare hemodynamic stability and recovery time between propofol and sevoflurane at Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin. This was an observational analytic study conducted in July until November 2016 on 31 patients. The result showed that mean systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate for 90 minutes maintenance were no significant difference in group-A (propofol) compare with group-B (sevoflurane), post hoc Bonferroni test showing p>0.05. Mean recovery time to consciousness was faster in group-A (10,46 minutes) than group-B (15,59 minutes), there was no significant difference in two group. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in hemodynamic stability and recovery time between propofol and sevoflurane.Â Keywords: hemodynamic stability, recovery time, propofol, sevoflurane.

Anaesthetic Management for Patient with Trigeminal Neuralgia underwent Microvascular Decompression (MVD) Hardian, Rapto; Pratama, Edwin; Tarigan, Dwi Septwo Rustaminta; Sikumbang, Kenanga Marwan
Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia Vol 13, No 2 (2024)
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24244/jni.v13i2.600

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a chronic pain with repeated brief episodes of electric shock-like pain affecting the fifth cranial nerve. Microvascular decompression (MVD) is one of treatments for TN. Anesthetic management for MVD requires special consideration to reduce brain volume (slack brain) and optimise Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP). Female 29-yo, 40kgbw with chief complaint: throbbing pain and intermittent stiffness in right facial area since 1 year ago. Brain MRI examination showed crossing of right superior cerebellar artery (RSCA) branch with right trigeminal nerve near the root entry zone and underwent MVD. Anesthesia using smooth intubation technique and maintenance using a combination of inhalational anaesthetics (sevoflurane 1 vol%) and intravenously (propofol 100mcg/kg/minute, remifentanil 0.2mcg/kgbw/min, and rocuronium 10mcg/kgbw/min). Target for MAP (90mmHg) and EtCO2 (30mmHg). We didn't use mannitol for slack brain. Early emergence with smooth extubation to prevent sudden haemodynamic changes and minimising coughing then for early neurological detection of intracranial complications.The combined use of sevoflurane 1MAC and continuous propofol provides optimal visualisation of the operating area. This combination reduces cerebral blood flow which makes the brain slack and keeps MAP optimal to maintain cerebral perfusion pressure and reduce the risk of cerebral ischemia. The combination of these agents also makes early recovery for more rapid neurological assessments. Anaesthesia management for MVD uses neuroanesthesia principles, balanced anaesthesia, and strict haemodynamic monitoring. The combination of inhalation anaesthetic sevoflurane and intravenous propofol gave optimise visualisation in the operation area and the patient's recovery can be enhanced

Mortalitas Pasien Cedera Kepala Berat Berdasarkan Nilai Mean Arterial Pressure di RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin Januari 2018 Oktober 2021 Abidin, Zainal; Wibowo, Rama Anshori Putra; Illiandri, Oski; Gunawan, Steven; Husair, Ahmad; Sikumbang, Kenanga Marwan
Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : https://snacc.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/fall/Intl-news3.html

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24244/jni.v12i1.529

Latar Belakang dan Tujuan: Cedera kepala berat (CKB) memiliki angka kejadian sekitar 10% dari total cedera kepala, dengan angka mortalitas yang sangat tinggi. Nilai mean arterial pressure (MAP) dapat mempengaruhi mortalitas pasien karena gangguan perfusi otak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui mortalitas pasien CKB berdasarkan nilai MAP di RSUD Ulin Banjarmasi dari Januari 2018 Oktober 2021. Subjek dan Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi deskriptif retrospektif berupa pengambilan data rekam medik dengan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil: Sebanyak 51 pasien terdiagnosis CKB, meninggal sebanyak 72.5% dan hidup sebanyak 27.5%, Nilai MAP 50 mmHg kematian 100%, nilai MAP 150 mmHg kematian sebesar 77%. Rentang nilai MAP 50-150 mmHg memberikan angka kematian sebesar 62%. Nilai MAP pasien cedera kepala mempengaruhi angka kematian akibat gangguan tekanan perfusi otak yang tergantung pada tekanan intrakranial (TIK) dan MAP. Sirkulasi darah ke otak dipengaruhi oleh MAP. Tekanan perfusi otak yang adekuat mampu menurunkan angka mortalitas dan meningkatkan luaran hidup pasien.Simpulan: Nilai MAP mempengaruhi angka kematian pasien CKBMortality Severe Head Injury Patients Based on Mean Arterial Pressure at Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin Since Januari 2018-Oktober 2021AbstractBackground and Objective: Severe head injury has an incidence of about 10% of total head injuries, severe head injury has the highest mortality rate. In head injury patients, Mean arterial pressure (MAP) value can affect the patient's mortality rate related to brain perfusion. This research aims to know mortality of severe head injury patients based on the mean arterial pressure at Ulin Hospital Banjarmasin in January 2018 October 2021 period.Subject and Method: This research was retrospective descriptive study, with collected data from medical records using purposive sampling technique. Result: The results showed from 51 people diagnosed with severe head injury, death 72.5% and alive 27.5%. Mortality rate 100% with MAP 50 mmHg, 77% with MAP 150 mmHg. And in MAP 50-150 mmHg mortality rate about 62%. Measurement of MAP in patient with severe head injury affect the mortality rate related to brain perfusion which depends on intracranial pressure (ICP) and MAP. Mean arterial pressure affect cerebral blood flow. Adequate brain perfusion are factors to decrease mortality and increase survival outcome.Conclusion: mean arterial pressure affect mortality rate in patient with severe head injury

Case Report: Postoperative Complication Epidural Haematoma after Brain Tumor Resection Sikumbang, Kenanga Marwan; Juniarti, Ayu; Febria, Aswin; Susatya, Arif Budiman; Susianto, Oky
Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia Vol 13, No 3 (2024)
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24244/jni.v13i3.602

Postoperative intracranial haemorrhage is one of the most dangerous complications in cranial surgery, especially epidural haematoma although it is very rare with an incidence of 1.0%. The exact mechanism of occurrence is still unknown and with appropriate treatment can result in a good outcome. A 34-year-old female, 63 kg, who lost consciousness after extubation following resection of a meningioma in the parietooccipital region. In the recovery room, the patient regained consciousness and was transferred to the ICU for observation. The patient suddenly lost consciousness after 30 minutes in the ICU, reintubation was performed and a CT scan of the head showed an epidural hematoma after tumour resection. An emergency decompressive craniotomy was performed, with total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) combination of remifentanil 0.1 mcg/kg/min and thiopental 2 mg/kg/h, The operation lasted for one hour. The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for seven days under mechanical ventilation. The patient was extubated on the eighth day and transferred to the ward on the following day. There are several causes of epidural hematoma after brain tumour resection, namely sudden decrease in ICP, massive CSF drainage, uneven ICP distribution, coagulopathy factors, and excessive pin fixation. Excessive loss of CSF during surgery causes displacement of the brain and creates negative pressure in the remote area. In this case, it is suspected that the sudden decrease in ICP caused traction on the meningeal blood vessels, so that the negative pressure made the dura pulled and caused extradural haematoma. Conclusion: Postoperative epidural haematoma is a serious and relatively rare complication but if treated promptly, will result in a favourable outcome.

Penggunaan Remifentanil pada Pasien Pediatrik dengan Meningokel yang Dilakukan Tindakan Eksisi Meningokel Sikumbang, Kenanga Marwan; Lahdimawan, Ardik
Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia Vol 10, No 1 (2021)
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Meningokel adalah kondisi kegagalan fusi selubung saraf medulla spinalis yang umum ditemui pada pasien pediatrik. Koreksi meningokel dilakukan dalam posisi prone yang memerlukan tatalaksana anestesi yang hati-hati. Fisiologi neonatus dan infant berbeda dengan orang dewasa, karena fungsi fisiologis system organ masih imatur dan menyebabkan safety margin terbatas, sehingga pilihan obat adalah yang metabolismenya tidak tergantung pada fungsi hati dan ginjal normal. Dalam bidang neuroanestesi pediatrik, penggunaan remifentanil semakin luas, karena onset cepat, efek analgesik poten dan eliminasi cepat. Seorang bayi laki-laki, usia 7 bulan dengan berat badan 7 kg, diagnosis meningokel lumbosacral dilakukan tindakan eksisi meningokel. Pasien diberikan remifentanil 1 mcg/kgbb selama 1 menit dilanjutkan dengan remifentanil kontinyus 0.05-1mcg/kgbb/mnt. Induksi dengan propofol, diberikan atracurium sebelum intubasi. Selama operasi kondisi stabil, tidak terjadi episode bradikardi dan pascaoperasi pasien langsung diekstubasi. Penggunaan remifentanil menjadi pilihan karena onset cepat, efek analgesik poten, eliminasi cepat dan memberikan stabilitas hemodinamik selama operasi. Operasi dengan posisi prone pada pasien pediatrik memerlukan kehati-hatian terutama saat memposisikan pasien, dimana harus yakin pipa ett tidak mengalami dislokasi atau kinking, mencegah efek penekanan pada mata dan pencegahan terjadinya neuropati perioperatif. Pemakaian remifentanil pada kasus ini memberikan stabilitas hemodinamik yang baik dan pulih sadar yang cepat.Using Remifentanyl For Pediatrik Patient With Meningocele Underwent Meningocelectomy Under General AnesthesiaAbstractMeningocele is failure of the neural tube to close during first trimester pregnancy which is the most common conditions in pediatrik patient. Correction is performed under prone position with carefull anesthestic procedure. The physiology of neonates and infants are different from that of adults. Immaturity of their vital organ systems narrows the safety margin of perioperative management including anesthesia. Remifentanil is becoming increasingly popular for this purpose. Remifentanil has favorable characteristics for anesthesia in neonates such as rapid onset, potent analgesic effect, and rapid elimination. A baby boy 7 months old, 7 kg, with meningocele lumbosacral underwent meningocelectomy. The patient was given remifentanil 1 mcg/kgbw/iv in one minute and continuous 0.05-0.1 mcg/kgbw/mnt. Induction with propofol iv, atracurium before intubation. Stability hemodynamic during the operation, no episode of bradycardia and patient extubated early after the operation. Remifentanil is an ultra-short-acting opioid, with rapid onset, produces profound analgesia, rapid offset and good stability of hemodynamic during the operation. The operations are carried out prone, careful positioning is paramount to avoid complications like dislodging or kinking of the endotracheal tube, corneal abrasion or perioperative neuropathy. Using remifentanyl in this case report given good hemodynamic stability dan rapid emergence.

Hubungan Kadar Gula Darah dan Hematokrit dengan Luaran Pasien Cedera Otak Traumatik Berdasarkan Skor GCS di RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin Riddo, Rasyid; Sikumbang, Kenanga Marwan; Asnawati, Asnawati
Jurnal Neuroanestesi Indonesia Vol 10, No 2 (2021)
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Latar Belakang dan Tujuan: Tingkat keparahan dari cedera otak traumatik (COT) dapat dinilai menggunakan Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Saat terjadi COT, tubuh mengeluarkan hormon sebagai respons stres fase akut sehingga terjadi peningkatan kadar gula darah reaktif. Selain itu juga memengaruhi pembuluh dan komponen darah sehingga akan memengaruhi hematokrit. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara kadar gula darah dan hematokrit dengan luaran pasien COT berdasarkan skor GCS di RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin. Subjek dan Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Data diambil secara prospektif dengan metode consecutive sampling. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis hasilnya menggunakan uji korelasi non-parametrik Spearman.Hasil: Sebanyak 45 sampel didapat secara consecutive sampling. Pada hari ke-7, 40 pasien memiliki luaran baik dan 5 pasien memiliki luaran buruk. Analisis menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman menunjukkan terdapat hubungan kadar gula darah dengan luaran pasien COT (p=0,044; r=0,302) tetapi tidak terdapat hubungan antara hematokrit dengan luaran (p=0,958).Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan kadar gula darah dengan luaran pasien COT, tetapi tidak terdapat hubungan hematokrit dengan luaran pasien COT berdasarkan skor GCS.Association of Blood Sugar Levels and Hematocrit with TBI Patient Outcome Based on GCS Score at Ulin General Hospital BanjarmasinAbstractBackground and Objective: Glasgow coma scale (GCS) examination is done to categorize the severity and determine the outcome in TBI. When TBI occurs, the body release hormones in the acute phase of stress response which will occur an increase blood sugar levels. It will also affect hematocrit. The purpose of this study was analyze correlation between blood sugar levels and hematocrit with TBI patients outcome based on GCS score in Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin. Subject and Method: The design of this study was observational analytic with cross-sectional approach. Data acquired prospectively with consecutive sampling method. The collected data will be analyzed using the Spearman non-parametric trial.Result: Total of 45 samples were obtained by consecutive sampling. On day 7, 40 patients had good outcomes and 5 patients had poor outcomes. Analysis using the Spearman correlation test showed association between blood sugar levels and TBI patients outcome (p=0,044; r=0,302) but no association between hematocit and TBI patients outcome (p=0,958). Conclusion: It was concluded that there is an association between blood sugar levels and TBI patients outcome, but there is no association between hematocrit and TBI patients outcome based on GCS score.

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