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Relationship Between Waist Circumference and Body Mass Index with HbA1c Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Febriani, Sukma; Rambe, Ismatul Fauziah; Rahman, Shahrul; Siregar, Ren Astrid Allail
Jurnal Kesehatan dan Kedokteran Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): Juni: Jurnal Kesehatan dan Kedokteran
Publisher : Asosiasi Dosen Muda Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56127/jukeke.v5i2.2657

Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and complex pathophysiological mechanisms. Obesity, assessed through Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), is commonly associated with poor glycemic control, yet previous studies have reported inconsistent findings. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between waist circumference and BMI with HbA1c levels in patients with T2DM at Haji General Hospital Medan. Methods: A quantitative analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 48 patients with T2DM who met the inclusion criteria. Anthropometric data, including BMI and WC, were measured directly, while HbA1c values were obtained from medical records. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation test, and multivariate analysis was conducted using ordinal logistic regression. Results: The analysis showed no significant association between waist circumference and HbA1c levels (r = −0.141; p = 0.339) or between BMI and HbA1c levels (r = 0.075; p = 0.611). Multivariate analysis also indicated that BMI and WC simultaneously did not significantly affect HbA1c categories (p > 0.05). Implications: These findings suggest that glycemic control in T2DM patients is influenced by multifactorial mechanisms beyond anthropometric parameters, highlighting the importance of considering behavioral, clinical, and therapeutic factors in diabetes management. Originality: This study provides context-specific evidence by simultaneously evaluating BMI and WC in a clinical outpatient population, contributing to the ongoing debate regarding the relevance of simple anthropometric indicators in predicting glycemic control.
Overview of LOX-1 Gen 3'UTR188C/T Polymorphism in Medan, Indonesia Shahrul Rahman; Harun Al Rasyid
Asian Journal of Healthcare Analytics Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): May 2026
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/ajha.v5i1.16437

Abstract

Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is categorized under the class E scavenger receptor subgroup. To date, seven distinct polymorphisms have been characterized within the LOX-1 gene, including the 3'UTR188C/T variant. This investigation clinical trial enrolled 35 volunteer subjects (mean age 43 ± 4.6 years, consisting of 27 females and 8 males). Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes employing the standard salting-out methodology. Genotyping of the LOX-1 3′UTR188CT variant was performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Digestion with the RsaI restriction enzyme yielded two fragments (184 bp and 23 bp) corresponding to the C allele, and a single intact 207 bp fragment corresponding to the T allele. The restricted DNA fragments were subsequently visualized via ethidium bromide staining. Genotypic analysis of the LOX-1 gene revealed that the CC genotype was present in 15 participants (43%), the CT genotype in 17 participants (49%), and the TT genotype in 3 participants (8%). Out of the 35 subjects, the T allele was detected in 23 individuals (33%), whereas the C allele was highly predominant, appearing in 47 individuals (67%). In conclusion, our investigation demonstrates that the heterozygous CT genotype is the most prevalent variant within this study cohort, and the frequency of the minor T allele is significantly lower than that of the major C allele.