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All Journal Theological Journal Kerugma Journal Didaskalia Jurnal Teologi & Pelayanan Kerusso THRONOS: Jurnal Teologi Kristen KAPATA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen Kaluteros Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen Jurnal Teologi Rai
Jonathan Octavianus
Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Injili Indonesia Surabaya
Religion Humanities Education

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SORGA DAN NERAKA SEBAGAI SIMBOL:: KAJIAN BIBLIKA DOKTRIN KRISTEN PROGRESIF DAN IMPLIKASINYA BAGI ORANG PERCAYA Pattinaja, Aska Aprilano; Octavianus, Jonathan; Wau, Hasanema
Jurnal Teologi RAI Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Jurnal Teologi RAI - Edisi Desember
Publisher : STT-RAI Batam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63276/jurnalrai.v2i3.121

Abstract

This article aims to explore a controversial issue in Progressive Christian thought, specifically the rejection or symbolic interpretation of eschatology, especially concerning the reality of heaven and hell. A review of the literature reveals a research gap in this area because studies on Progressive Christianity tend to focus only on soteriology, bibliology, and apologetics. Using a biblical study method with an exegetical analysis approach and historical-systematic theology, this research finds that the symbolic theological approach often weakens the biblical foundation of God's justice and holiness and clouds the eschatological truth as taught by Jesus and the apostles. Therefore, this article presents a biblical reading that affirms a balance between divine love and justice, demonstrating that the doctrines of heaven and hell are not merely moral constructs but essential parts of the salvation story. The results are expected to enhance the discourse of Indonesian contextual theology by illustrating the limits of progressive hermeneutics in relation to the orthodoxy of the Christian faith.
Keselamatan Sebagai Pembebasan Batin dan Penenbusan Ilahi: Analisis Komparatif Sapta Darma dan Teologi Reformed Widyawati Sultana; Jonathan Octavianus
KAPATA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen Vol 7, No 1 (2026): Juni
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Bethel Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55798/kapata.v7i1.162

Abstract

This study is based on the reality that the understanding of salvation within religious societies is not singular, particularly in the pluralistic context of Indonesia. Sapta Darma, as one of the indigenous belief systems, views salvation as inner liberation achieved through spiritual exercises and a harmonious way of life, whereas Reformed theology understands salvation as the work of God in saving humanity from sin through Jesus Christ. This study aims to examine the concept of salvation in Sapta Darma, compare it with Reformed theology, and evaluate its theological implications. The method used is a qualitative approach through library research with descriptive, analytical, and comparative characteristics. The findings show that Sapta Darma emphasizes salvation as a subjective process of self-cultivation centered on inner experience, while Reformed theology emphasizes salvation as an objective act of God rooted in the redemptive work of Christ. This study concludes that the two concepts cannot be equated because they arise from fundamentally different foundations of thought. The novelty of this research lies in its comparative analysis of the concept of salvation in Sapta Darma from the perspective of Reformed theology.
Studi Masa Bait Suci Kedua: Analisis terhadap Gulungan Perang (1QM, 1Q33, 4Q491–7, 4Q471) Andrew Lucas Tjong; Jonathan Octavianus
KAPATA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen Vol 5, No 1 (2024): Juni
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Bethel Ambon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55798/kapata.v5i1.156

Abstract

The discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls in the mid-20th century opened up a significant treasure trove for the study of Second Temple Judaism. One of the most striking texts is the War Scroll (1QM) and its associated fragments (1Q33, 4Q491–497, 4Q471), which presents an eschatological narrative of divine warfare between the Sons of Light and the Sons of Darkness. This study aims to comprehensively examine the War Scrolls to understand their content, structure, theological meaning, and historical significance within the Dead Sea Scrolls and their relationship to the biblical text. This qualitative, literature-based study applies a historical-philological approach to analyze the manuscript’s paleography (Herodian Book-Hand), content analysis to dissect the text’s structure, and comparative analysis to compare the theology of the scrolls. The analysis shows that the War Scrolls are complex, multi-genre documents that combine military regulations, tactical strategies, and liturgical rhetoric. Paleographically, this manuscript belongs to the Herodian Book-Hand of the 1st century BC to the 1st century AD. This text represents an ideological synthesis of the Community Rules and the Damascus Document, reflecting the life principles of the Qumran community into a strategy for physical and spiritual warfare in the end times. Furthermore, this text adapts the Old Testament tradition of holy war (such as the prophecies of Daniel and Ezekiel) and shares apocalyptic patterns with the New Testament (Book of Revelation and Pauline Epistles) although it differs in its messianic exclusivity. The War Scroll represents the dramatic culmination of the theological system of the Qumran community, depicting their active role as instruments of future divine judgment. This study contributes significantly to providing a historical framework for the development of Second Temple Period biblical theology. 
Co-Authors Agustinus Faot Ani Teguh Purwanto Ariwibowo, Daniel Aska Aprilano Pattinaja Binar, Sri Connie Laurina Diyestri Ariyani Sekekere Faot, Agustinus Frederich Oscar Lontoh Harman Ziduhu Laia Hendrick Lusikooy Juanda Juanda Juanda Setya Hari Purnomo Sung Kun , Kim Tjong, Andrew Lucas Wau, Hasanema Widyawati Sultana Yunita Stella