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Is Stem Cell a Curer or an Obstruction? Darmayanti, Siska; Triana, Rina; Chouw, Angliana; Dewi, Nurrani Mustika
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 1, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21705/mcbs.v1i1.12

Stem cell research and therapy are progressing these days dramatically. Stem cell therapy holds enormous treatment potential for many diseases which currently have no or limited therapeutic options. Unfortunately, this potential also comes with side-effects. In this review, the positive and negative effects of regulation of stem cells will be explained. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells which able to develop into many different cells of types in the body during early life and growth. There are five types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, somatic stem cells, fetal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells. Stem cell transplantation is one form of stem cell therapy, it comes with different techniques sourced, and those are autologous and allogeneic transplantation stem cells. In an autologous transplant, a patients blood-forming stem cells are collected, meanwhile, in an allogeneic transplant, target cells are replaced with new stem cells obtained from a donor or donated umbilical cord blood. Its abilities to maintain the phenotype, self-renewing and differentiate itself into specialized cells, give rise to stem cell as an innovation for the treatment of various diseases. In the clinical setting, stem cells are being explored for different conditions, such as in tissue repair and regeneration and autoimmune diseases therapy. But along with its benefit, stem cell therapy also holds some harm. It is known that the treatment using stem cell for curing and rehabilitation has the risk of tumor formation.Keywords:Â stem cell, therapy, transplantation, tumorigenic, mesenchymal stem cell, allogeneic

Resveratrol: A Sirtuin Activator and The Fountain of Youth Meiliana, Anna; Dewi, Nurrani Mustika; Wijaya, Andi
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 7, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v7i1.16

BACKGROUND: An organism’s lifespan is inevitably accompanied by the aging process, which involves functional decline, a steady increase of a plethora of chronic diseases, and ultimately death. Thus, it has been an ongoing dream of mankind to improve healthspan and extend life.CONTENT: There are only a few proposed aging interventions: caloric restriction, exercise, and the use of low-molecular-weight compounds, including spermidine, metformin, resveratrol, and rapamycin. Resveratrol, a constituent of red wine, has long been suspected to have cardioprotective effects. Interest in this compound has been renewed in recent years, first from its identification as a chemopreventive agent for skin cancer, and subsequently from reports that it activates sirtuin deacetylases and extends the lifespans of lower organisms. Resveratrol have been shown to prevent and reduce the severity of age-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, stroke, myocardial infarct, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, osteoarthritis, tumors and metabolic syndrome, along with their ability to extend lifespan.SUMMARY: The purpose of aging research is the identification of interventions that may avoid or ameliorate the ravages of time. In other words, the quest is for healthy aging, where improved longevity is coupled to a corresponding healthspan extension. It is only by extending the healthy human lifespan that we will truly meet the premise of the Roman poet Cicero: “No one is so old as to think that he may not live a year.”KEYWORDS: aging, caloric restriction, mimetic, healthspan, sirtuin activator

Cancer Stem Cell Hypothesis: Implication for Cancer Prevention and Treatment Meiliana, Anna; Dewi, Nurrani Mustika; Wijaya, Andi
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 8, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v8i1.190

BACKGROUND: Cancer is a disease of genomic instability, evasion of immune cells, and adaptation of the tumor cells to the changing environment. Genetic heterogeneity caused by tumors and tumor microenvironmental factors forms the basis of aggressive behavior of some cancer cell populations.CONTENT: Cancers arise in self-renewing cell populations and that the resulting cancers, like their normal organ counterparts, are composed of hierarchically organized cell populations. Self â€“ renewing â€œcancer stem cellsâ€ (CSC) maintain tumor growth and generate the diverse populations constituting the tumor bulk. CSCs in multiple tumor types have been demonstrated to be relatively resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. The clinical relevance of these studies has been supported by neoadjuvant breast cancer trials that demonstrated increases in the proportions of CSCs after therapy. The CSC hypothesis has tremendously important clinical implications.SUMMARY: In summary, a large and accumulating body of evidence supports the CSC hypothesis, which has important implications for cancer prevention and therapy. The ultimate test of this hypothesis will require clinical trials demonstrating that targeting of these pathways reduces cancer incidence and improves outcomes for patients with cancer.KEYWORDS: Somatic mutation, tumor heterogeneity, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, CSC niche

Resveratrol: The Multifaceted Roles and Mechanisms of Polyphenol to Improve Longevity, Immunomodulation, and Age-related Diseases Meiliana, Anna; Dewi, Nurrani Mustika; Wijaya, Andi
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 17, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v17i2.3486

High in polyphenols diet has been known to protect human against chronic metabolic diseases including cancer, diabetes, neurological and cardiovascular disorders. Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol that presents in fruits, vegetables, and nuts. The polyphenols content of RSV possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anticancer properties by influencing the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), p53, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) pathways, enzymatic antioxidants expressions, and the levels of microRNAs. Therefore, this review article will focus on the potential of RSV in improving aging and metabolic diseases, which mostly induced by low-chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. RSV is also known as calorie restriction (CR)-mimetics to activate sirtuins family which improve mitochondrial function, repair DNA and genomic stability and reduce inflammation thus become a promising substance to extend health span and longevity. RSV can be useful as a supplement to prevent aging-related diseases, with a dose range between 250–1,000 mg depending on the intended health benefit and individual factors. More clinical data is needed to determine the impact of RSV metabolites and the relationship between dose, concentration, and effect, particularly in the context of chronic illness.KEYWORDS: mesenchymal stem cell, extracellular vesicle, exosome, cancer therapy, drug delivery

Lifestyle Modifications and Nutraceutical Interventions in the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Syndrome Meiliana, Anna; Dewi, Nurrani Mustika; Wijaya, Andi
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 17, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v17i3.3412

Abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia are metabolic risk factors that are grouped together to define metabolic syndrome (MetS). It is now widely recognized that MetS is linked to a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Overall, the pathophysiology of MetS initiated by the imbalance of nutrition intake and physical activity. It involves a complex interplay of insulin resistance (IR), inflammation, dysregulated adipocyte function, and genetic susceptibility, all of which contribute to the metabolic dysfunction. Lifestyle modifications play a crucial role in managing and preventing MetS. Key strategies include adopting a balanced diet like Mediterranean diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), or caloric restriction (CR), engaging in regular physical activity, and maintaining a healthy weight. Nutraceuticals, including polyphenols and CR-mimetic agents, improve insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammation, lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels, reducing oxidative stress, and promoting autophagy. In addition to lifestyle changes, drug therapy may be necessary for some individuals to manage specific risk factors, such as diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB), calcium channel blockers, and beta blockers for hypertension; biguanides, sulfonylureas, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1) receptor agonists, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and thiazolidinediones for hyperglycemia; and statins for dyslipidemia. Early diagnosis, including waist circumference and blood pressure measurement, serum cholesterol and glucose testing, and intervention, is essential to effectively manage MetS and prevent the progression of associated diseases. In conclusion, understanding the risk factors and associated risks of MetS, along with the implementation of lifestyle modifications such as dietary and nutraceutical interventions including polyphenols and CR-mimetic agents, is vital for reducing the burden of this syndrome. Early diagnosis and proactive management are key to improving long-term health outcomes.KEYWORDS: metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, diet, nutraceuticals

Therapeutic Potential of Gut Microbiota in Hypertension: Mechanisms of Immune Modulation and Inflammation Meiliana, Anna; Dewi, Nurrani Mustika; Wijaya, Andi
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 17, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v17i4.3565

Emerging evidence links gut dysbiosis to numerous ailments, including hypertension and metabolic diseases. Multi-omics techniques have revealed that hypertensive individuals exhibit distinct alterations in their gut bacterial composition and metabolite profiles. The gut microbiome influences blood pressure through several mechanisms. For instance, microbiota-derived metabolites can have beneficial effects, such as those from short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), or detrimental ones, like trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). These molecules modulate downstream signaling pathways via G protein-coupled receptors or direct immune cell activation. Furthermore, dysbiosis can compromise the gut epithelial barrier, leading to systemic inflammation that activates key regulatory pathways like the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), the autonomic nervous system, and the immune system. Given these connections, the gut microbiome is a promising therapeutic target for hypertension. This review explores the potential of modulating the gut microbiota to manage blood pressure, focusing on the underlying mechanisms of immune modulation, inflammation, and microbial metabolites. By focusing on the 'how' rather than the 'what' of hypertension, it is identified that immune-mediated inflammation is orchestrated by the gut microbiota, as the core mechanism driving the disease. Gut dysbiosis is triggered by environmental factors like high-salt diets, perpetuates a pro-inflammatory state that undermines the efficacy of conventional antihypertensive drugs and contributes to treatment-resistant hypertension. Consequently, modulating the gut microbiota through targeted interventions, including dietary fiber, probiotics, and fecal transplantation, might represents a critical evolution in treatment. This approach moves beyond managing symptoms to directly correcting the inflammatory dysfunction at the heart of the disease, offering a powerful strategy to complement existing therapies.KEYWORDS: hypertension, inflammation, gut microbiota, metabolite

Mesenchymal Stem Cell–derived Extracellular Vesicles: An Emerging Therapeutic Strategy for Diabetic Wound Healing Meiliana, Anna; Dewi, Nurrani Mustika; Wijaya, Andi
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 16, No 6 (2024)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v16i6.3407

One of the most serious side effects of diabetes is diabetic foot ulceration (DFU). It is a severe and extremely morbid illness that has been linked to higher mortality on its own. The development of effective wound therapeutics in the future may be influenced by our current and developing understanding of wound pathophysiology. By reestablishing cellular functioning, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), a crucial medium for intercellular communications, exhibit encouraging therapeutic potential in the treatment of DFU. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) derived exosomes and engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) have the potential to aid in the healing of wounds. Along with encouraging the growth and stimulation of endothelial cells, keratinocytes, and fibroblasts, they also have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. They help prevent damaged cells from dying, revitalize senescent cells, and boost angiogenesis. MSC-EVs can be a safe, effective and ethical therapy for DFU by increasing M2 macrophages polarization, improving the proliferation, reducing scar, and improving angiogenesis.KEYWORDS: mesenchymal stem cell, extracellular vesicle, diabetic wound, wound healing

Molecular Mechanisms of Methylglyoxal in Diabetes-related Macrovascular Complications Meiliana, Anna; Dewi, Nurrani Mustika; Wijaya, Andi
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 16, No 5 (2024)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v16i5.3242

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic endocrine and metabolic disease indicated by the presence of hyperglycemia. It has been known that hyperglycemia and oxidative stress are the main culprit of all DM complications, including macrovascular complications. As a byproduct of lipid, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism, methylglyoxal (MGO) is a highly reactive substance which plays a positive signaling role in helping cells regain redox balance under oxidative stress circumstances. DM-related problems lead to an excess of mitochondrial superoxide in the heart and big and small vascular endothelial cells. Elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species induce impaired angiogenesis in reaction to ischemia, trigger several proinflammatory pathways, and result in enduring epigenetic modifications that propel the continuous expression of proinflammatory genes even after glucose levels return to normal. Over time, the significance of the extremely quick advanced glycation end-products (AGE) production caused by the extremely reactive MGO has been clarified. It is now evident that MGO causes vascular tissue to react maladaptively. Glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) is the primary enzyme in an organism's enzymatic glyoxalase defense mechanism, which converts MGO to D-lactate in order to counteract the harmful effects of MGO. Understanding the role of the MGO–GLO1 pathway in the etiology of vascular disease in diabetes has advanced significantly. Therefore, it can be summarized that vascular damage are linked to diabetes. The AGE precursor MGO are important in determining the connection between diabetes and vascular damage. MGO and AGEs play a role in several phases of the development of diabetes complications. MGO and AGEs may be useful therapeutic targets for diabetes's macrovascular problems.KEYWORDS: hyperglycemia, AGE, methylglyoxal, glyoxalase, D-lactate, gluthatione, oxidative stress

Obesity: A Multi Perspective of Physiology and Neurobiology Energy Regulation Meiliana, Anna; Dewi, Nurrani Mustika; Wijaya, Andi
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 16, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v16i1.2840

BACKGROUND: World Health Organization has reported four million people die every year due to obesity comorbidity, and the prevalence of obesity is keep increasing, especially after COVID-19. Obesity has been defined as a chronic disease involving adipose tissue dysfunction which leads to metabolic diseases and psychosocial consequences. The review article will highlight some recent researches regarding the new conceptual framework that integrates both metabolic drives, as well as to summarize the numerous discussions about the current understanding of hypothalamic control of food intake and energy homeostasis.CONTENT: Obesity apparently is not simply regulated only by food and exercise. Hypothalamus takes part in controlling energy intake and expenditure via appetite regulation. Hedonic control in cortical and subcortical brain areas process cognitive, reward, information, and executive function. Managing metabolic adaptation, browning the white adipose tissue, and preserving lean mass can be another strategy to safely manage obesity.SUMMARY: Obesity need to be managed in a multimodal strategy including neurophysiology and physiology approach, together with environment support. Thus, a weight regain can be prevented. Commitment from both scientific and regulation point of view can shed a light to eradicate obesity.KEYWORDS: adipocyte, appetite, nutrition, obesity, physical activity, reward, satiety

Irisin, A Fascinating and Multifunctional Protein: Implication for Health Defi, Irma Ruslina; Meiliana, Anna; Dewi, Nurrani Mustika; Wijaya, Andi
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal Vol 16, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : The Prodia Education and Research Institute (PERI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18585/inabj.v16i2.2996

BACKGROUND: Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), or also known as irisin, has been identified for two decades but almost completely disregarded for 10 years. It is present in skeletal muscle, heart, and brain, and in reaction to exercise can transform white adipose tissue into brown. Since then, irisin has gained a lot of attention for its potencies in treating metabolic disorders. In this review article, the potential future of irisin especially on metabolism and aging process will be discussed.CONTENT: Sedentary lifestyle is acknowledged as risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, immune system issues, asthma, and neurological or heart illness. Irisin is secreted by muscle cells when exercising, produced after the proteolytic cleavage of FNDC5 protein. Irisin has positive impacts on maintaining physiological balance including reducing inflammation, keeping the bone homeostasis, as well as influencing metabolic processes and the neurological system function. Due to these many and advantageous characteristics, irisin could be a possible choice for preventing and managing disorders associated with modern society, and finding the agents to increase irisin can be beneficial.SUMMARY: Irisin offers a fresh potential basis for kinesitherapy and shows promise as a therapeutic target due to its various biological activities. Irisin pathway can be activated through dietary changes, the use of natural substances and drugs and can interact with this signalling pathway which involved peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and uncoupling protein mRNA 1 (UCP1) to resolve obesity and its metabolic comorbidities.KEYWORDS: irisin, FNDC5, exercise, inflammation, obesity, nervous system

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