Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

Praktik Pemilihan Jasa Pengiriman Pada E-Commerce Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Hukum Persaingan Usaha Eunike Dian Octavi; Kukuh Tejomurti
Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (IJSSH)
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

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Penggunaan e-commerce di masyarakat sudah termasuk menjadi salah satu gaya hidup. Selain karena mudah dan efisien belanja online menjadi pilihan untuk menjangkau barang atau jasa yang belum atau tidak tersedia pada semua daerah. Keberjalanan platform e-commerce di Indonesia tidak luput dari praktik persaingan usaha tidak sehat, penelitian ini fokus pada praktik diskriminasi yang dilakukan Shopee dalam pemilihan jasa pengiriman yang mendahulukan Shopee Xpress (SPX) yaitu Perusahaan logistik milik Shopee. Kasus ini tercatat dengan no perkara 04/KPPU-I/2024, Perkara tersebut tentang Dugaan Pelanggaran Pasal 19 huruf d dan Pasal 25 ayat (1) huruf a Undang Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 Terkait Layanan Jasa Pengiriman (Kurir) di Platform Shopee. Shopee diduga mengatur algoritma untuk memprioritaskan SPX saat konsumen sudah membuat pesanan. Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan adanya posisi dominan yang dipegang Shopee juga rangkap jabatan Handika Wiguna Jahja, Direktur PT Shopee International Indonesia, juga menjabat sebagai Direktur PT Nusantara Ekspres Kilat (SPX). Shopee terbukti melakukan praktik diskriminasi dan mengajukan Pakta Integritas Perubahan Perilaku.

Kepatuhan Hukum Pelaku Pasar Digital atas Perdagangan Buku Tiruan Ditinjau dari Teori Soerjono Soekanto Wiji Suciningtyas; Kukuh Tejomurti
Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (IJSSH)
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

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Perdagangan buku tiruan di platform digital terus marak terjadi meskipun telah ada peraturan yang melarangnya. Fenomena ini menunjukkan lemahnya kepatuhan hukum pelaku pasar digital, khususnya dalam hal perlindungan hak kekayaan intelektual. Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada analisis tingkat kepatuhan hukum pelaku pasar digital terhadap larangan perdagangan buku tiruan dengan menggunakan teori kepatuhan hukum Soerjono Soekanto. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif melalui pendekatan studi pustaka dan analisis peraturan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaku pasar digital umumnya baru mencapai tingkat kepatuhan pada tahap compliance dan identification, yaitu patuh karena adanya tekanan eksternal atau pengaruh lingkungan, namun belum menginternalisasi nilai hukum secara utuh. Kesimpulannya, meskipun sudah tersedia regulasi yang jelas, implementasi dan pengawasan terhadap kepatuhan hukum dalam perdagangan digital masih belum optimal, sehingga diperlukan penguatan dalam sistem pengawasan dan edukasi hukum bagi para pelaku pasar digital.

Aspek Hukum Persaingan Usaha atas Akuisisi Tokopedia oleh Tiktok Ditinjau dari Teori Privasi Merger Digital Retma Rahma Verani; Kukuh Tejomurti
Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (IJSSH)
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis akuisisi pengambilbagian saham Tokopedia oleh Tiktok yang ditinjau dari Undang-undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 Tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan/atau Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat serta teori privasi merger digital. Kedua Perusahaan merupakan Perusahaan berbasis platform digital yang memiliki kendali atas data pribadi pengguna, yang pada era ekonomi digital ini, data dianggap sebagai komoditas yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Perkembangan teori privasi merger digital sebagai teori kerugian yang baru perlu dipertimbangkan untuk menilai akuisisi di era ekonomi digital. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach). Bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah bahan hukum primer dan sekunder dengan teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum menggunakan teknik studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1.) Akuisisi pengambilbagian saham Tokopedia oleh Tiktok telah sesuai dengan prosedur yang diatur oleh Undang-undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 Tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan/atau Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat, pasalnya kedua perusahaan telah melakukan notifikasi kepada KPPU perihal transaksi ini. 2.) Namun, Perlindungan Data Pribadi Pengguna Atas Akuisisi Tokopedia oleh Tiktok belum sesuai dengan Teori Privasi Merger Digital, sehingga menimbulkan kekhawatiran akan potensi eksploitasi data pengguna secara berlebihan

Program Leniency sebagai Upaya Mengungkap Praktik Kartel di Era Ekonomi Digital Rara Puspita Sasta Yuliandini; Kukuh Tejomurti
Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (IJSSH)
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

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Pada persaingan usaha, hukum harus mampu berpartisipasi agar idealisme pasar yang sehat dapat tercapai. Di era ekonomi digital saat ini, perkembangan ekonomi mengalami kemajuan pesat sekaligus menimbulkan permasalahan baru terhadap kartel dalam dunia pasar digital. Penegakan hukum persaingan usaha oleh KPPU di era ekonomi digital masih menggunakan dasar hukum yang sudah berusia lebih dari dua dekade. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan program leniency untuk mengungkap praktik kartel di Indonesia di era ekonomi digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan bersifat preskriptif dan menerapkan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual. Jenis data yang digunakan yaitu data sekunder dari bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder, serta teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum yang diterapkan adalah studi kepustakaan dengan analisis bahan hukum berupa metode silogisme dengan pola deduktif. Penelitian ini berfokus pada analisis permasalahan pengungkapan praktik kartel yang dialami oleh KPPU dan meninjau perspektif ekonomi pada Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 Tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat. Dalam permasalahan sulitnya KPPU dalam mengungkap praktik kartel tersebut dapat diterapkan program leniency sebagai upaya mengungkap praktik kartel, dengan menggunakan perbandingan hukum dengan Amerika Serikat sebagai negara pencetus program leniency pada penanganan praktik kartel.

The Exclusionary Data Conduct in Digital Mergers: An Indonesian Competition Law Perspective Kukuh Tejomurti; Ashyah Azzahra
JUSTISI Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): JUSTISI
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Sorong

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33506/js.v12i1.4473

The aim of this study is to examine the regulatory gap in Indonesian competition law regarding the use of user data by platform-based companies after a digital merger, by examining how the current legal framework responds to data-based exclusive practices and assessing its adequacy in regulating the dynamics of digital merger control. The method of this study examines the norms, principles, and legal doctrines contained in legislation, court decisions, legal theory, and scientific writings related to competition law, which are analyzed using current theories of harm. The novelty of this research is the application of the Newer Theory of Harm in analyzing digital mergers and acquisitions, particularly in privacy-based theory, where consumer data protection is an important aspect that needs to be considered in mergers and acquisitions. Consumer data privacy protection can be used as a quality assessment that must be met in the testing process that must be carried out before mergers and acquisitions. The results of the study show that merger regulations in Indonesian competition law are still oriented towards market concentration and price impacts, so they are not yet fully capable of addressing data-based exclusive practices and digital ecosystem dominance post-merger. This study concludes that digital merger supervision in Indonesia needs to be developed by expanding the analysis of big data control and its implications for fair business competition, taking lessons from the experience of the German Competition Authority and the European Union's Digital Markets Act regulations. The conclusion of this study concerns the assessment of mergers and acquisitions in Indonesian Competition Law; learning from the German Competition Authority and the European Union's Digital Markets Act, the government must expand its analysis of how access to big data affects a healthy competition ecosystem.

Telaah Pergeseran Paradigma Penetapan Harga melalui Algorithmic Price Fixing Rickra Christy Alexandra; Kukuh Tejomurti; Sasmini Sasmini
Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (IJSSH)
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

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This study aims, first, to analyze the harmonization of regulatory frameworks between the OECD standard setting concerning algorithmic collusion and the provisions of Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition. Second, this study seeks to formulate legal harmonization measures that can be undertaken to address collusive practices arising from the use of artificial intelligence–based pricing algorithms. This research constitutes normative legal research employing a conceptual approach. The findings indicate that there remains a regulatory disharmony between Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition and the OECD standard setting related to algorithmic collusion. Legal harmonization measures may be carried out through the reform of legal instruments as well as the strengthening of the institutional role of the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha).

Persengkongkolan Perolehan Informasi Kegiatan Usaha dalam Hukum Persaingan Usaha Al Misky Muhammad Rafi; Kukuh Tejomurti
Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (IJSSH)
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

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Fair business competition is an important element in creating an efficient and equitable economic system. In modern business practices, competitive advantage is not only determined by production capacity or innovation but also by control over strategic information related to competitors’ business activities. Problems arise when such information is obtained through collusion with other parties, which may lead to unfair business competition. This study aims to analyze the fulfillment of the elements of collusion in obtaining business activity information and its legal implications under Indonesian competition law. This research uses normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches. The results show that such conduct may be classified as a violation if it fulfills the elements of business actors, collusion, the acquisition of competitors’ business information, and the potential to cause unfair business competition as stipulated in Article 23 of Law Number 5 of 1999.

Analisis Hukum Predatory Pricing pada Penjualan Kendaraan Listrik di Bawah Nilai Jual Kendaraan Bermotor Muhammad Raikhan Nur Rifqi; Kukuh Tejomurti
Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (IJSSH)
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

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The automotive industry plays a strategic role in the national economy and reflects increasingly complex competition, particularly in the Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) market characterized by competitive pricing strategies. One emerging phenomenon is the sale of BEVs at on-the-road (OTR) prices below the Motor Vehicle Sales Value (NJKB), which potentially indicates predatory pricing from a competition law perspective. This study aims to analyze such practices and assess whether they may be classified as predatory pricing under Law Number 5 of 1999, as well as to examine the corresponding preventive legal mechanisms. This research employs a normative legal method using a statutory approach and deductive analysis through legal syllogism based on primary and secondary legal materials. The findings show that BEV sales below NJKB cannot automatically be categorized as predatory pricing, as NJKB represents an administrative fiscal value rather than production cost. Price discrepancies serve only as preliminary indicators requiring further economic analysis. Therefore, NJKB may function as an early warning system in detecting potentially unfair pricing practices.

Analisis Penerapan Definisi Pasar Bersangkutan dalam Hukum Persaingan Usaha atas Penggabungan Digital (Digital Merger) di Indonesia Claudia Angelica Simanjuntak; Kukuh Tejomurti
Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Indonesian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (IJSSH)
Publisher : Indonesian Publication Center

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The rapid growth of Indonesia’s digital economy has intensified merger activities among digital platform companies. However, the existing competition law framework, particularly the relevant market definition under Law Number 5 of 1999, remains grounded in product and geographic dimensions developed for conventional markets. This study aims to analyze the application of a uniform relevant market definition in assessing digital mergers and to examine its relevance within the development of the digital economy. Using normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches, this study examines the GoTo (Gojek–Tokopedia) merger as an illustrative case. The findings indicate that the application of a uniform definition has not fully reflected digital market power arising from network effects, data control, and ecosystem integration. The study further outlines adjustments through an ecosystem-based conceptual approach that may be implemented through KPPU regulatory instruments, as well as normative refinements including the expansion of Article 1(10), the introduction of qualitative notification criteria, and the incorporation of gatekeeper position as an assessment parameter.

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