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Lie Algebra Construction in Genetic Codes Aruan, Daniel Prasetio; Kurniadi, Edi; Triska, Anita
Jurnal Matematika Integratif Vol 22, No 2: Oktober 2026
Publisher : Department of Matematics, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jmi.v22.n2.70613.53-66

Abstract

Lie algebra is one of the important algebraic structures in mathematics, particularly in the study of symmetry and the representation of algebraic structures. Recent developments have established Lie algebra constructions on genetic codes by defining the set of DNA bases as a finite field and representing codons as a vector space. The Lie bracket is a binary operation that characterizes the structural interaction within a Lie algebra, specifically by satisfying bilinearity, antisymmetry, and the Jacobi identity. Building upon this definition, the objective of this research is to develop another representation of the Lie bracket within the codon space while maintaining the essential axioms that define a Lie algebra structure. The method employed is qualitative research using a constructive experimental approach to define a specific operation based on existing structures, followed by a formal proof to ensure the operation satisfies all Lie algebra axioms. This research utilizes the Lie bracket structure established by Sánchez et al. on the space $B^3$ and applies an invertible linear transformation to derive an alternative form, as this method effectively preserves the essential algebraic properties while allowing for structural variation. The operation constructed through this transformation satisfies all Lie algebra axioms, confirming the formation of a valid and structurally consistent Lie bracket. These findings confirm that the Lie bracket structure on the codon space is not unique and still offers opportunities for further development in various similar forms.
A Comparative Analysis of Finite Difference and Finite Volume Methods for the 2D Lid-Driven Cavity Problem Santosa, Muhammad Titan Anugrah; Triska, Anita; Rusyaman, Endang
Jurnal Matematika Integratif Vol 22, No 2: Oktober 2026
Publisher : Department of Matematics, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/jmi.v22.n2.70292.15-30

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of the Fi-nite Difference Method (FDM) and the Finite Volume Method (FVM)for solving the two-dimensional, unsteady, incompressible Navier-Stokesequations. The classical lid-driven cavity problem is utilized as the pri-mary benchmark to evaluate the inherent stability, convergence behav-ior, and physical fidelity of both numerical paradigms. Python-basedsolvers were developed utilizing a staggered Cartesian grid topology toeffectively eliminate the pressure-velocity decoupling artifact. The FDMsolver implements the explicit Fractional Step (Projection) method,providing rapid execution that is strictly constrained by the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) stability criterion. In contrast, the FVM solveremploys the implicit Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equa-tions (SIMPLE) algorithm, enhanced by Patankar’s Power-Law differ-encing scheme, to ensure robust grid-scale mass conservation withoutexcessive numerical diffusion. The numerical results for Reynolds num-bers of 100 and 400 demonstrate excellent quantitative agreement withthe canonical Ghia (1982) benchmarking data. The comparative evalu-ation underscores the operational trade-offs between the two methodolo-gies, confirming that while FDM offers mathematical elegance and speedfor orthogonal domains, FVM delivers superior conservative propertiesand stability that are essential for resolving highly convective, non-linearfluid phenomena.