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All Journal Agrivet Techno LPPM Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA Jurnal Agro Wiralodra
Danar Wicaksono, Danar
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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IDENTIFICATION AND CROSS INOCULATION OF Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ASSOCIATED IN MANDARIN CITRUS Ulilalbab, Azizah Ridha; Miftahul Ajri; Wicaksono, Danar; Poerwanto, Mofit Eko; Kuncoro, Seto Agung; Dhamira, Aura
Jurnal Agrivet Vol 31 No 3 (2025): AGRIVET
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL ”VETERAN” YOGYAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/agrivet.v31i3.13839

Abstract

Colletotrichum spp are important post-harvest pathogens that frequently cause anthracnose and significant quality deterioration in citrus. This study were aimed to identify morphological characteristics and genetic confirmation of Colletotrichum isolates associated with mandarin citrus , as well as to evaluate the cross-inoculation potential of these isolates among five post-harvest commodities. Anthracnose-infected citrus fruits were collected from a local market in Central Java, Indonesia. Fungal isolation was conducted using the single-spore technique, and identification was based on colony and conidial characteristics, followed by PCR amplification with the universal ITS1 and ITS4 primers. Cross-inoculation tests were performed on five post-harvest commodities. Morphological and genetic characteristics indicated that the isolates referred to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the causal agent of anthracnose in mandarin citrus. Colony characters were white-greyish colour with velvety texture, conidiomata, black spots, concentric rings, and fast-growing group. Conidia were cylindrical with rounded ends, measuring 12.02µm in length and 4.23µm in width on average. ITS amplification yielded a ±570 bp fragment that showed 98% similarity to C. gloeosporioides isolates from China, indicating a close relationship with the C. gloeosporioides species complex. Cross-inoculation tests showed that C. gloeosporioides can cause anthracnose symptoms in tomato, cayenne, pepper, citrus, and mango. The finding highlights that C. gloeosporioides was detected on mandarin fruits exhibiting anthracnose symptoms, and the potency of the cross-inoculation assay revealed the broad host range of this fungus.
The Efficacy Of Encapsulated Castor (Ricinus communis) Leaf Extract Against Colletotrichum Sp. Causing Antracnose In Curly Red Chili Purboyo, Ratu Angkasawati; Wicaksono, Danar
Jurnal Agro Wiralodra Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Agro Wiralodra
Publisher : Universitas Wiralodra

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31943/agrowiralodra.v9i1.158

Abstract

Anthracnose disease, which attacks curly red chili, can be controlled with botanical plant extract pesticides; however, the liquid formulation is easily degraded, reducing its effectiveness. This study evaluated the efficacy of encapsulated Castor leaf extract against Colletotrichum sp. on curly red chili. The research was conducted from February to July 2025 at the Plant Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta, and the encapsulation process was carried out at Pusat Studi Pangan dan Gizi Universitas Gadjah Mada. The method used was a completely randomized design, both in vitro and in vivo, with six treatments. Observation parameters included fungal colony diameter, percentage of inhibition, disease incidence, disease severity, Area Under the Disease Development Curve, and pesticide effectiveness. Observation data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and followed by the Orthogonal Contrast Test at 5% significance level. In vitro assays demonstrated the highest effectiveness of the non-encapsulated extract at 1%. In contrast, in vivo evaluations showed that the encapsulated castor leaf extractdid not show a significant difference compared to the non-encapsulated extract in vivo . The efficacy of the 0.5% encapsulated extract was still lower than that of the synthetic fungicide Propineb 70%, yet it demonstrated considerable potential as an alternative for managing anthracnose in curly red chili.
Efficacy of Nano-Encapsulated Citronella Essential Oil Against Anthracnose on Bird’s Eye Chili (Colletotrichum spp.) Utami, Dian; Wicaksono, Danar
Jurnal Agro Wiralodra Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Agro Wiralodra
Publisher : Universitas Wiralodra

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31943/agrowiralodra.v9i1.159

Abstract

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. leads to significant losses in bird’s eye chili (Capsicum frutescens L.) production, including reduced fruit quality, lower yield, and increased production costs. Although synthetic pesticides are widely used for disease management, their prolonged application raises concerns regarding environmental sustainability and food safety. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal potential of citronella essential oil, in both free and nano-encapsulated forms, against Colletotrichum spp. Compared to the previous studies, this work uniquely evaluates and compares nano-encapsulated and non-encapsulated citronella essential oil against anthracnose in bird’s eye chili. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with treatments consisting of citronella essential oil at concentrations of 0.125% and 0.063%, either encapsulated or non-encapsulated, tested under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Parameters observed were incubation period, disease intensity, inhibition percentage, colony appearance, and hyphal morphology. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at a 5% significance level, followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) when significant differences were detected. Application of 0.125% citronella essential oil effectively delayed incubation (6.05 DAI), resulting in a disease intensity of 45%, and achieved the highest in vitro inhibition (92.21%) until 10 DAI, outperforming Propineb 70 WP and other treatments. Colony morphology remained generally similar, but notable differences in hyphal fate were observed, including lysis, shrinkage, curling, and unbranched growth. These findings indicate that citronella essential oil is a promising natural candidate to reduce reliance on Propineb 70 WP. However, further field-scale evaluations are needed.
Co-Authors Ajri, Miftahul Ani Widiastuti, Ani Arif Wibowo Aura Dhamira Dian Utami, Dian Kafiya, Maftuh Kawuryan, Siwi Hardiastuti Endang Kuncoro, Seto Agung Miftahul Ajri Mofit Eko Poerwanto Purboyo, Ratu Angkasawati Solichah, Chimayatus Ulilalbab, Azizah Ridha