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All Journal JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia Jurnal Agregasi ad-Dawaa : Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Current Research on Biosciences and Biotechnology Jurnal Kebidanan, Keperawatan dan Kesehatan (J-BIKES) Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan
Defri Rizaldy
Sekolah Farmasi, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Dentistry Engineering Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences

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Profiling Secondary Metabolite of Fresh and Fermented Marigold Flowers and Butterfly Pea Flowers Ni Luh Putu Kris Monika Yanti; Sukrasno; Defri Rizaldy; Arif Al Iman
Ad-Dawaa: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol 5 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/djps.v5i2.37714

Abstract

Communities in Bali use "Usada" as an essential plant for traditional medicine. Utilization of a plant as herbal medicine is based on the metabolites contained therein, such as in the marigold flower (Tagetes erecta L.) and butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.). Identification of secondary metabolite profiles was carried out by aerobic fermentation. This study aims to identify the secondary metabolite profiles of untreated extracts compared to fermented extracts. Aerobic fermentation is carried out by stacking fresh samples. Extraction by percolation using n-hexane for marigold flowers and methanol for butterfly pea flowers. The extract profile was analyzed by densitometric thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Separation pattern, retention time, and m/z fragmentation with LC-MS/MS. Determined antioxidant activity using the DPPH method, calculating the levels of total phenol (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC), and total carotenoids in each sample. The TLC profiles of control extracts and marigold flower fermentation were similar, However, in the fermented pea flower extract, the intensity of the spots was thicker, and a new compound was formed from the TLC pattern. The TPC of the control and fermented extracts ranged from 0,816 - 1,154 g GAE/100 g extract, the TFC ranged from 0,067 - 0,610 g QE/100 g extract, and the highest total carotenoid was in the fermented marigold flower extract with levels of 215 mg/g simplicia. All control and fermented extracts had antioxidant activity ranging from 46,71 ppm-75,30 ppm. LC-MS/MS analysis showed five compounds from the fermented butterfly pea flower extract, while the control only identified one compound. The fermentation process for each extract experienced changes in the profile of secondary metabolites, starting from UV absorption, spot intensity, compound levels, types of compounds contained, and their antioxidant activity.
Perbandingan Kadar Flavonoid, Fenol, dan Aktivitas Antioksidan pada Kulit Buah Pisang Kepok (Musa acuminata x balbisiana) dengan Menggunakan Metode Ekstraksi Berbeda: Comparison of Flavonoid, Phenol, and Antioxidant Activity Levels in Kepok Banana (Musa acuminata x balbisiana) Peel Using Different Extraction Methods Arif Al Iman; Sukrasno Sukrasno; Defri Rizaldy; Ni Luh Putu Kris Monika Yanti
Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Vol. 5 No. 6 (2023): J. Sains Kes.
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jsk.v5i6.2134

Abstract

Kepok banana peels are rich in flavonoid and phenolic compounds. To obtain the maximum desired compound, the selection of the extraction method used plays an important role. This research aims to determine the kepok banana peel extraction method that is capable of providing the highest levels of flavonoids and phenols, as well as the strongest antioxidant activity. The research began with the preparation of kapok banana peel simplicia, followed by extraction respectively by meseration, reflux, and Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE). Then the levels of flavonoids, phenols and antioxidant activity of the extracts obtained from each method were measured, and ended with statistical analysis. The results of determining the levels of flavonoid extracts showed that the meseration, reflux, and UAE methods each produced levels of 4.782 ± 0.258 g QE/100 g; 5.877 ± 0.196 grams QE/100 grams; and 7.115 ± 0.226 grams QE/100 grams. In determining phenol content, extracts from meseration, reflux, and UAE produced levels of 8.172 ± 0.505 g GAE /100 g respectively; 9.123 ± 0.224 grams GAE /100 grams; 10.104 ± 0.345 grams GAE /100 grams. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity test showed that the IC50 value of mecerated, refluxed and UAE extracts was 39.493 ± 0.819 ?g/ml; 28.203 ± 0.516 ?g/ml; 23.147 ± 0.314 ?g/ml. The conclusion of this research is that UAE extraction is the best extraction method, with a total flavonoid content of 7.115 ± 0.226 g QE/100 g, a total phenol content of 10.104 ± 0.345 g GAE /100 g, and the strongest antioxidant IC50 of 23.147 ± 0.314 ?g/ml. Keywords:          Antioxidants, Banana Peel, Extraction, Flavonoids, Phenols   Abstrak Kulit pisang kepok kaya akan senyawa flavonoid dan fenolik. Untuk memperoleh senyawa yang diinginkan secara maksimal, maka pemilihan metode ekstraksi yang digunakan menjadi peran penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan metode ekstraksi kulit pisang kepok yang mampu memberikan kadar flavonoid dan fenol tertinggi, serta aktivitas antioksidan terkuat. Penelitian diawali dengan penyiapan simplisia kulit buah pisang kapok, dilanjutkan dengan ekstraksi masing-masing dengan maserasi, refluks, dan Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE). Kemudian, kadar flavonoid, fenol dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak yang diperoleh dari masing-masing metode diukur, dan diakhiri dengan analisis statistik. Hasil penetapan kadar flavonoid ekstrak menunjukkan bahwa metode maserasi, refluks, dan UAE menghasilkan kadar masing-masing sebesar 4,782 ± 0,258 g QE/100 g; 5,877 ± 0,196 g QE/100 g; dan 7,115 ± 0,226 g QE/100 g . Pada penetapan kadar fenol, ekstrak dari maserasi, refluks, dan UAE menghasilkan kadar masing-masing sebesar 8,172 ± 0,505 g GAE /100 g; 9,123 ± 0,224 g GAE /100 g; 10,104 ± 0,345 g GAE /100 g . Sementara, uji aktivitas antioksidan menunjukkan bahwa nilai IC50 ekstrak hasil maserasi, refluks, dan UAE masing-masing sebesar 39,493 ± 0,819 ?g/ml; 28,203 ± 0,516 ?g/ml; 23,147 ± 0,314 ?g/ml. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah ekstraksi UAE merupakan metode ekstraksi terbaik yaitu dengan kadar flavonoid total sebesar 7,115 ± 0,226 g QE/100 g, kadar fenol total sebesar 10,104 ± 0,345 g GAE /100 g, dan IC50 antioksidan terkuat sebesar 23,147 ± 0,314 ?g/ml. Kata Kunci:         Antioksidan, Ektraksi, Fenol, Flavonoid, Kulit Buah Pisang Kepok
Uji Aktivitas Inhibitor Enzim Tirosinase Ekstrak Etanol Buah Kecombrang (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Smith) Dengan Metode KLT Bioautografi Muslihin, Nisrina; Hartati, Rika; Rizaldy, Defri
JURNAL KEBIDANAN, KEPERAWATAN DAN KESEHATAN (BIKES) Vol 4, No 2 (2024): J-BIKES NOVEMBER
Publisher : Mata Pena Madani

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51849/j-bikes.v4i2.96

Abstract

Buah kecombrang (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Smith) dikenal memiliki kandungan senyawa bioaktif yang berpotensi digunakan sebagai inhibitor enzim tirosinase, yang berperan penting dalam pengembangan agen pencerah kulit dan pengobatan hiperpigmentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengstandardisasi simplisia dan ekstrak etanol buah kecombrang serta menguji aktivitas inhibitor enzim tirosinase menggunakan metode KLT bioautografi. Hasil standardisasi menunjukkan kadar air simplisia sebesar 4,93 ± 0,05% dan ekstrak sebesar 9,59 ± 0,39%, kadar abu total simplisia sebesar 6,09 ± 0,05% dan ekstrak sebesar 3,98 ± 0,05%, serta kadar abu tidak larut asam simplisia sebesar 5,45 ± 0,23% dan ekstrak sebesar 1,82 ± 0,01%. Kadar sari larut air pada simplisia tercatat 7,24 ± 0,16%, sementara kadar sari larut etanol sebesar 5,12 ± 0,12%. Pengamatan mikroskopis menunjukkan adanya fragmen pengenal seperti rambut penutup, kolenkim, epidermis dengan stomata, dan penebalan tipe tangga. Uji aktivitas inhibitor tirosinase dengan metode KLT bioautografi menunjukkan adanya zona putih pada plat KLT yang mengindikasikan kemampuan ekstrak etanol buah kecombrang dalam menghambat aktivitas enzim tirosinase.
Development of an efficient and eco-friendly method for mitragynine enrichment Febriandi, Rizal; Rizaldy, Defri; Ishak, Sumail Sidik Ode; Elfahmi
Current Research on Biosciences and Biotechnology Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/crbb.2025.7.1/362C71GB

Abstract

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is rich in mitragynine, a bioactive alkaloid with antinociceptive, sedative, and antimicrobial activities, and potential benefits for alleviating alcohol dependence. This study aimed to develop a safe, environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and efficient method for enriching mitragynine using macroporous resins. Extraction was performed via maceration with 70% ethanol, and the performance of macroporous resins (PAD610 and PAD900) was evaluated in terms of adsorption and desorption characteristics using UPLC-MS/MS. The results showed that the adsorption and desorption processes followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that mitragynine adsorption is influenced by coexisting compounds in the extract. Isothermal adsorption analysis demonstrated good agreement with the Freundlich model, with R2 values of 0.9973 for PAD610 and 0.9905 for PAD900, suggesting multilayer adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces. Under optimized conditions, macroporous resin enrichment effectively increased mitragynine content, yielding 753 mg for PAD900 and 303 mg/g for PAD610. Additionally, a flow rate of 3 BV/hour was identified as optimal for large-scale applications. This study demonstrates that macroporous resins provide an efficient and scalable approach for mitragynine enrichment from M. speciosa extract, offering a promising method for the preparation of high-purity bioactive compounds.
Kepuasan Masyarakat terhadap Layanan Pemerintah dalam Menurunkan Prevalensi Penyakit Hep-B pada Anak Usia 0-12 Tahun di Indonesia: Public Satisfaction of Government Services in Reducing the Prevalence of Hep-B Disease for Children 0-12 Years in Indonesia Silvia, Elsa; Rizaldy, Defri
Jurnal Agregasi Vol 11 No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Prodi Ilmu Pemerintahan FISIP Universitas Komputer Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34010/agregasi.v11i2.9640

Abstract

This research taken from a substantial and urgent need for the Indonesian especially for children under 0-12 years in Indonesia who still has limit knowledge about Hep-B prevalence. The government has work harder to give health education and awareness in reducing the prevalence of hep-B disease for children 0-12 years in Indonesia. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to see how good the communication strategy is conducted by government of Indonesia and how about the public satisfaction about its services. This study used quantitative method by using an observative, documentative and questionnaire for 220 respondents from several districts in Indonesia as the tools of collecting data. This research concluded that: (a) public services in terms of health education and awareness campaigns in reducing the prevalence of hep-B in children aged 0-12 years was good and satisfying, b) the factors that most influence in increase in the prevalence of Hep-B in children aged 0-12 years are mother-to-child transmission: can occur during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding and is a common mode of transmission in areas with high prevalence of hep-B and lack of screening, c). what the government can do as a public service in reducing the prevalence of Hep-B in children aged 0-12 years in Indonesia is health education and awareness of hep-B campaign by several ways, such as school-based education, community-based education, mass media campaign, and health worker education.
Biological activities study of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanni (Nees & T.Nees) Blume) as Cosmetic Ingredients Rizaldy, Defri; Insanu, Muhamad; Hartati, Rika; Fadhilah, Ismah Ibtihal; Putri, Rian Destiyani; Cheong, Min Kyoung
Acta Pharmaceutica Indonesia Vol. 48 No. 2
Publisher : School of Pharmacy Institut Teknologi Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/api.v48i2.22472

Abstract

Objectives: The goals of this research were to study the biological activities of cinnamon bark extract related to its use as cosmetic ingredients. The potential use of cinnamon bark as cosmetic preparations was studied by confirming its antioxidative, antimicrobial, and its inhibition towards tyrosinase activity. Methods: Extraction was performed by maceration using 70% ethanol. Antioxidative activity using the DPPH methods, melanin inhibitory effect was determined using in vitro anti tyrosinase assay. MHC and MIC of cinnamon bark extract were determined towards Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Cutibacterium acnes. Results: The standardization result of the crude drugs showed positive result on qualitative analysis of Flavonoid, Tannin, and Quinone groups. Flavonoid content also found on the ethanolic extract. The IC­50 antioxidative activity of cinnamon ethanolic was 7.52 ± 0.13 μg/mL compared to ascorbic acid with 2.54 + 0.02 μg/mL. The Ethanolic extract of cinnamon inhibited tyrosinase with IC­50 of 9.44 ± 0.26 mg/mL. Lowest minimum inhibitory concentration of ethanolic extract was found towards Cutibacterium acne with 1000 μg/mL. Whereas weak antimicrobial activity was showed towards Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis with MIC and MBC value started from 2000 μg/mL. Conclusion: Comparable result on antioxidative and anti-tyrosinase analysis shows that cinnamon bark have fair potential to further developed and formulated for topical maintenance product.
Potential Antioxidant Activity of the Unused Part of Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum Cav.) Atina Rizkiya Choirunnisa; Zhafira Amalia Regiana; Muhamad Insanu; Rika Hartati; Hegar Pramastya; Defri Rizaldy; Irda Fidrianny
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 28, No 6 (2025): Volume 28 Issue 6 Year 2025
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.28.6.336-344

Abstract

Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum Cav.) is a member of the Solanaceae family that contains phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The fruit of the tamarillo is commonly consumed. However, other parts that are rarely used also have many potential benefits, including antioxidant activity. This study aims to evaluate antioxidant activity of used part (flesh) and unused part (leaves and peel) extracts of tamarillo through ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (AEAC), phenolic and flavonoids content, correlation the phenolic and flavonoid content on antioxidant activity, correlation the DPPH and CUPRAC methods and the levels of flavonoid compound in selected extract. Three organs (flesh, leaves, peel) were extracted using polarity solvents (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol). Antioxidant activity was conducted using DPPH and CUPRAC assays, and total phenolic acid and flavonoid acid were also investigated. The result showed that the highest antioxidant activity of tamarillo extracts using DPPH and CUPRAC methods was given by ethanol leaves, 94.917 ± 3.920 and 110.182 ± 7.987 mg AEAC/g sample. The highest TPC in the ethanol leaves extract 10.416 g GAE/100 g, while the highest TFC in the n-hexane leaves extract 8.367 g QE/100 g. Phenolic and flavonoid compounds were identified as significant contributors to the antioxidant activity, with both assessment methods showing a strong linear correlation. In conclusion, Tamarillo leaves had the potential to be a natural antioxidant source, with a rutin content of 0.088%, according to HPLC analysis.
Co-Authors Arif Al Iman Arif Al Iman Atina Rizkiya Choirunnisa Cheong, Min Kyoung Elfahmi Fadhilah, Ismah Ibtihal Febriandi, Rizal Hegar Pramastya Irda Fidrianny Ishak, Sumail Sidik Ode Muhamad Insanu Muhamad Insanu Muslihin, Nisrina Putri, Rian Destiyani Rika Hartati Silvia, Elsa Sukrasno Sukrasno Sukrasno Yanti, Ni Luh Putu Kris Monika Zhafira Amalia Regiana