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Antioxidant, α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity and Molecular Docking Study of Gallic Acid, Quercetin and Rutin: A Comparative Study Agus Limanto; Adelina Simamora; Adit Widodo Santoso; Kris Herawan Timotius
Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences Vol 3, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute

Background: Plant-phenolics and flavonoids, including gallic acid, quercetin and rutin, are considered as safe inhibitors for α-glucosidase. This study aimed to compare antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of gallic acid (GA), quercetin (QUE) and rutin (RUT).Materials and Methods: Pure compounds of GA, QUE, and RUT were used. Their antioxidant and inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase were investigated spectroscopically, including their kinetic analysis and interaction mechanism by docking simulation.Results: All the tested compounds (GA, QUE, and RUT) showed good antioxidant activity better than the standards ascorbic acid (AA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), with QUE showing the highest antioxidant activity based on 2,2-diphenyl1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Based on their reducing properties, the activities of the compounds follow the following order: AA > GA > BHT > QUE > RUT. Both GA and RUT induced a competitive type of inhibition, with activities stronger than acarbose (IC50 = 823 μg/mL), whereas QUE inhibited in a mixed type manner. The IC50 of GA, QUE, and RUT were 220.12, 65.52, and 224.55 μg/mL respectively. The results obtained from molecular docking indicate that all compounds have affinity in the active site pocket of α-glucosidase, with the hydrogen bond being the major force involved in each compound binding to the enzyme.Conclusion: In conclusion, QUE has better antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than GA and RUT. This work provides insights into the interactions between GA, QUE, and RUT and α-glucosidase.Keywords: docking, gallic acid, α-glucosidase, rutin, quercetin

Profil fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidan dari minyak atsiri kulit buah Jeruk Pontianak (Citrus nobilis lour. var. Microcarpa): Profil fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidan dari minyak atsiri C.nobilis Farianti Wiranda; Ika Rahayu; agus Limanto
Jurnal MedScientiae Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023): April
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan Ukrida

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract. Citrus nobilis lour fruit. var. microcarpa (C. nobilis) or Pontianak Orange is a food source with good vitamins and antioxidants, while the peel was considered as waste. Along with technological development, people processed it by utilizing its essential oil. Research showed that the essential oil of Pontianak orange peel (C. nobilis) could inhibit the growth of some gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Still, the compounds' composition and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have not been studied much. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the active compound composition, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity of C. nobilis essential oil. The essential oil from C. nobilis peel was extracted using the clavenger method. The GCMS methods was used for active compound profiling. The antioxidant activity of essential oils was examined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. The dominant active compound components in C. nobilis essential oil were limonene, β-myrcene, and linalool. The essential oil of C. nobilis had robust antioxidant activity (IC50 13.114 µg/mL) compared to BHT. The content of the dominant active compound in the essential oil supported this activity.

Profil fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidan dari minyak atsiri kulit buah Jeruk Pontianak (Citrus nobilis lour. var. Microcarpa): Profil fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidan dari minyak atsiri C.nobilis Farianti Wiranda; Ika Rahayu; agus Limanto
Jurnal MedScientiae Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023): April
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan Ukrida

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36452/jmedscientiae.v2i1.2744

Abstract. Citrus nobilis lour fruit. var. microcarpa (C. nobilis) or Pontianak Orange is a food source with good vitamins and antioxidants, while the peel was considered as waste. Along with technological development, people processed it by utilizing its essential oil. Research showed that the essential oil of Pontianak orange peel (C. nobilis) could inhibit the growth of some gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Still, the compounds' composition and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have not been studied much. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the active compound composition, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity of C. nobilis essential oil. The essential oil from C. nobilis peel was extracted using the clavenger method. The GCMS methods was used for active compound profiling. The antioxidant activity of essential oils was examined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. The dominant active compound components in C. nobilis essential oil were limonene, β-myrcene, and linalool. The essential oil of C. nobilis had robust antioxidant activity (IC50 13.114 µg/mL) compared to BHT. The content of the dominant active compound in the essential oil supported this activity.

Stevia, Pemanis Pengganti Gula dari Tanaman Stevia rebaudiana Agus Limanto
Jurnal Kedokteran Meditek VOL. 23 NO. 61 JANUARI-MARET 2017
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v23i61.1466

AbstrakKebutuhan manusia akan gula sebagai bahan makanan tambahan yang memberikan rasa manis pada makanan dan minuman sangatlah tinggi. Namun konsumsi gula yang berlebih dapat menimbulkan masalah terutama penyakit obesitas dan diabetes mellitus. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan alternatif pemanis pengganti gula, baik pemanis alami maupun sintesis kimia, yang tidak memiliki efek yang membahayakan bagi kesehatan dan rendah kalori, sehingga dapat dikonsumsi oleh semua orang termasuk penderita obesitas dan diabetes mellitus. Salah satu pemanis pengganti gula yang diusulkan adalah stevia. Pemanis stevia sudah banyak digunakan di beberapa negara tetapi pemanfaatannya di Indonesia masih sangat terbatas. Stevia diekstrak dari tanaman Stevia rebaudiana dan aman dikosumsi pada dosis yang wajar yaitu sebesar 0.1- 4 mg per kg berat badan per hari . Stevia memiliki beberapa kelebihan dibandingkan dengan gula, di antaranya memiliki tingkat kemanisan 300 kali lebih tinggi dari sukrosa, tidak merusak gigi, dapat menurunkan tekanan darah, dan tidak meningkatkan kadar gula darah. Selain itu, stevia memiliki potensi untuk meningkatkan kadar insulin dalam darah, walaupun jumlah peningkatannya relatif kecil. Selain pemanfaatannya sebagai pemanis pengganti gula, beberapa penelitian telah melaporkan potensi ekstrak Stevia rebaudiana sebagai obat anti kanker. Diharapkan makalah ini dapat menambah informasi mengenai tanaman Stevia rebaudiana dan memaksimalkan penggunaan tanaman ini tidak hanya sebagai bahan makanan, tetapi juga potensinya sebagai obat anti kanker. Kata kunci: Stevia, Stevia rebaudiana, stevioside, rebaudiosideAbstractThe demand of sugar as a food additive which provides sweetness to the food and drink is very high. However, consumption of excess sugar can cause problems, especially obesity and diabetes mellitus. Therefore, it is needed an alternative sweetener to subtitute sugar, either naturally or synthesis, which does not have a harmful effect on health and low in calories, so it can be consumed by everyone, including people with obesity and diabetes mellitus. One of the proposed substitute sweetener is stevia. Stevia is widely used in some countries but its utilization in Indonesia is still very limited. Stevia is extracted from Stevia rebaudiana plant and safely for consumption at dose is equal to 0.1- 4 mg per kg body weight per day. Compared to sugar, Stevia has several advantages which is have a level of sweetness 300 times higher than sucrose, does not damage the teeth, can lower blood pressure, and does not increase blood sugar levels. Some research also reported that stevia has the potential to increase insulin levels in the blood, although the amount of the increase is relatively small. In addition to its use as a substitute sweetener, some studies have reported potential of Stevia rebaudiana extract as an anti-cancer drug. It is expected this paper can give some information about Stevia rebaudiana plant and maximize the use of these plants not only for food, but also as a potential anti-cancer drug. Keywords: Stevia, Stevia rebaudiana, stevioside, rebaudioside

Pengaruh Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Darah Tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) Hiperkolesterolemia Anna Dewajanti; Agus Limanto; Yanfrin Taslim
Jurnal Kedokteran Meditek Vol 27 No 3 (2021): SEPTEMBER - DESEMBER
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v27i3.2218

Aterosklerosis adalah penyakit kardiovaskuler yang menempati urutan pertama penyebab mortalitas dan morbiditas global. Penyakit ini ditandai dengan perubahan pada dinding pembuluh darah arteri yaitu terjadi penebalan dan kekakuan. Salah satu faktor penyebab terjadinya aterosklerosis adalah mengonsumsi makanan berlemak dan tinggi kolesterol. Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.)Steenis) dipercaya oleh masyarakat dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol. Untuk mendapatkan zat dan bahan aktifnya maka daun binahong dibuat dalam bentuk ekstrak. Pada penelitian ini daun binahong diekstrak dalam etanol 96% dan untuk pengukuran kadar kolesterol total digunakan easy touch GCU. Penelitian ini menggunakan tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus). Tikus dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok hiperkolesterolemia tanpa perlakuan (kontrol), kelompok hiperkolesterolemia dengan pemberian simvastatin (kontrol positif), kelompok hiperkolesterolemia dengan pemberian ekstrak daun binahong (1000 mg/kgBB dan 1500 mg/kgBB). Kesimpulan berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun binahong 1000 dan 1500 mg/kgBB dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah. Hasil uji statistik bahwa pemberian ekstrak daun binahong 1000 mg/kgbb memiliki efek dalam penurunan kadar kolesterol total darah secara signifikan pada hari ke-14.

Comparative Study of Natural Polymers and Titanium as a Medical Implant in Terms of Safety Filbert Nicklaus Gunawan; Agus Limanto
JURNAL RISET RUMPUN ILMU KEDOKTERAN Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023): April :Jurnal Riset Rumpun Ilmu Kedokteran
Publisher : Lembaga Pengembangan Kinerja Dosen

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55606/jurrike.v2i1.1034

Titanium has been utilized as an implant material because of its mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. However, there are some issues in using titanium for medical implants such as particle release that could be toxic to the native environment. Therefore, it is necessary to find safer substitute materials such as natural polymers, which are found to be great in biocompatibility and less toxic. In this paper, we discussed the safety characteristics such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical properties for both materials. The source of information was gathered through online databases, PubMed, using keywords such as titanium, 3D bioprinting, and implant, and further screened with biocompatibility, mechanical characteristics, gelatin, fibrin, cellulose, alginate, agarose, silk, in-vitro and in-vivo. Journal publications that did not discuss biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical qualities, could not be opened, and were not research articles were excluded. The 9 journals were selected based on the inclusion, title, and abstract. It can be concluded that natural polymers could be a titanium alternative based on its safety characteristics. Further studies are required to do more research about their safety to be used as medical implant material.

Enhancement of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Sensitivity Using Electric Fields: A Study on Non-Metal Samples Tanra, Ivan; Limanto, Agus; Hadiyanto, Marvin Yonathan; Karnadi, Indra
Journal of Physics and Its Applications Vol 7, No 2 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Diponegoro University Semarang Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jpa.v7i2.25558

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has proven to be a versatile and effective technique for elemental analysis across a variety of fields, including geology, archaeology, materials science, nuclear power, and medicine. This study focuses on the application of an external electric field to enhance the performance of LIBS, specifically for non-metal samples such as black coral. By introducing an electric field and varying laser energy levels, the effects on plasma generation and emission intensities were investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that applying an electric field significantly enhances spectral intensity, with notable improvements in the Carbon (C I) emission line at 247.8 nm. The enhancement was observed to be nonlinear, with significant increases only when the electric field strength exceeded 200 V/cm. Laser energy was also found to play a critical role, with carbon signals only detectable at energies above 20 mJ, and optimal results achieved at 50 mJ. These findings highlight the combined effect of laser energy and electric field strength in enhancing LIBS sensitivity, particularly for detecting trace elements in organic samples. This approach offers a simple, efficient, and effective method to improve LIBS performance, with potential applications in fields such as fossil age determination and other analytical studies requiring high sensitivity.

Potential of Binahong Leaf Extract (Anredera cordifolia) for Anemia Treatment in Anemic Rat Model Dewajanti, Anna Maria; Stephanus, Chealsea A.; Mano, Ivanna G; Purnamawati, Purnamawati; Rumiati, Flora; Sumbayak, Erma Mexcorry; Limanto, Agus
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 57, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v57.3873

Anemia, characterized by low hemoglobin (Hb) and erythrocyte counts, can be induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) or known as hemolytic anemia. Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) has been explored for its potential in managing anemia; yet, its efficacy against ROS-induced anemia remains under investigated. This study, conducted from January to May 2023, aimed to evaluate the potential of Binahong leaf extract (BLE) in treating anemia caused by oxidative stress. Anemia was induced by administering NaNO2 to 24 rats (Rattus norvegicus), followed by the administration of BLE at doses of 50,100, and 200 mg/kgBW for seven days. Hemoglobin levels were measured using Sahli method and erythrocytes count were determined using a Hemocytometer at three stages: pre anemia (HA), before-treatment (H0), and after-treatment (H7). Results showed that BLE significantly increased the Hb level by 1.3g/dL (p=0.000), 3.87g/dL (p=0.034), and 4.53g/dL (p=0.016) at 50 mg/kgBW, 100mg/kgBW, and 200 mg/kgBW, respectively, after treatment. Additionally, a dose of 200 mg/kgBW significally increased the erythrocyte count by 3.84 x 106 L/mm3 (p=0.033). These findings suggested that BLE has the potential to improve Hb levels and erythrocyte counts in ROS-induced anemia, indicating a promising natural approach to managing anemia.

Uji In Vivo Aktifitas Antihiperurisemia Ekstrak Etanol Bunga Melinjo (Gnetum Gnemon L.) Anna Maria Dewajanti; Agus Limanto; Bella N. Wijaya; Erma Mexcorry Sumbayak; Hendrik Kurniawan
Jurnal Ners Vol. 10 No. 2 (2026): APRIL 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jn.v10i2.55409

Hiperurisemia merupakan keadaan di mana kadar asam urat di dalam darah tinggi sehingga dapat menimbulkan penyakit gout, kerusakan ginjal, dan komplikasi lain. Dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, peneliti mulai mengembangkan tanaman obat untuk menyembuhkan beberapa penyakit, salah satunya adalah tanaman melinjo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antihiperurisemia ekstrak bunga melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L). Desain penelitian eksperimental ini pre-post test control group. Aktivitas antihiperurisemia dinilai melalui pengukuran kadar asam urat plasma darah tikus putih Sprague Dawley yang diinduksi hiperurisemia. Kelompok perlakuan menerima ekstrak dengan dosis 450 mg/kgBB dan 900 mg/kgBB, yang dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol positif (allopurinol 90 mg/kgBB) dan negatif (Na- CMC 0,5%). Pemberian ekstrak dosis 450 mg/kgBB dan 900 mg/kgBB secara signifikan menurunkan kadar asam urat darah, dengan nilai p < 0,05 (Uji Wilcoxon), begitu pula dengan allopurinol. Pada analisis antar kelompok, kadar asam urat hari ke-7 berbeda bermakna (uji Kruskal–Wallis), dengan perbedaan terutama antara kontrol negatif dan kelompok perlakuan/kontrol positif (post-hoc Bonferroni). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kontrol positif dan kelompok ekstrak pada hari ke-7. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan potensi ekstrak bunga melinjo sebagai agen alami dan berperan dalam pengelolaan antihiperurisemia. Temuan ini mendukung pengembangan terapi alternatif berbasis bahan alami dengan risiko efek samping yang lebih rendah

Perbandingan Aktivitas Antioksidan, Kadar Flavonoid, dan Proteksi DNA Ekstrak Air-Etanol Sarang Semut Papua Livia Brenda Patty; Agus Limanto
Jurnal Ners Vol. 10 No. 3 (2026): JULI 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jn.v10i3.60970

Stres oksidatif berperan dalam kerusakan biomolekul dan perkembangan berbagai penyakit degeneratif. Sarang semut (Myrmecodia pendens) merupakan tanaman obat Indonesia yang mengandung senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid, sehingga berpotensi sebagai sumber antioksidan alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan aktivitas antioksidan, kadar fenolik total, kadar flavonoid total, dan aktivitas proteksi DNA dari ekstrak air dan ekstrak etanol sarang semut asal Papua. Penelitian dilakukan secara in vitro menggunakan metode DPPH untuk aktivitas antioksidan, Folin-Ciocalteu untuk kadar fenolik total, kolorimetri AlCl₃ untuk kadar flavonoid total, serta uji proteksi DNA menggunakan plasmid pUC19 yang diinduksi FeSO₄/H₂O₂. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol memiliki aktivitas antioksidan lebih kuat dibandingkan ekstrak air, dengan nilai IC50 masing-masing 54,56 ± 5,58 µg/mL dan 74,56 ± 0,22 µg/mL. Ekstrak etanol juga memiliki kadar fenolik total dan flavonoid total lebih tinggi, yaitu 17,26 ± 0,35 mg GAE/g dan 12,26 ± 0,02 mg QE/g. Pada uji proteksi DNA, ekstrak etanol dan ekstrak air tampak mampu mempertahankan pita DNA, dengan kecenderungan proteksi lebih baik pada ekstrak etanol. Ekstrak etanol sarang semut berpotensi sebagai sumber antioksidan alami dan kandidat agen genoprotektif in vitro.

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