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Cyber Warfare Is The Newest Challenge To Support Indonesian National Resilience Dwi Imroatus Sholikah; Tegar Harbriyana Putra; Mohammad Fauzan Hidayat
Asian Journal of Social and Humanities Vol. 2 No. 9 (2024): Asian Journal of Social and Humanities
Publisher : Pelopor Publikasi Akademika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59888/ajosh.v2i9.332

Cyber ??operations began to attract attention in international law in the late 1990s, in 1999 the United States Naval War College held the first major legal conference on this issue. In the aftermath of the attacks of September 11, 2001, transnational terrorism and subsequent armed conflict shifted attention from topics to large-scale cyber attacks. Operations occurred in Estonia in 2007 and against Georgia during its war with the Russian Federation in 2008, as well as cyber incidents such as the targeting of Iran's nuclear facilities with the Stuxnet Worm in 2010. Cyber ??warfare is included in organized crime and terrorism as one of the level one threats. The United States National Security Strategy itself calls cyberwarfare one of the most serious national security, public safety and economic challenges that we face as a nation and state. There is a need for clear and concrete international and national legal regulations so that cyber warfare can be prevented and does not cause unnecessary casualties in accordance with the principles of international humanitarian law. Apart from clear regulations, support is needed in the defense sector to form human resources and at the military defense level.

Cyber Warfare Is The Newest Challenge To Support Indonesian National Resilience Dwi Imroatus Sholikah; Tegar Harbriyana Putra; Mohammad Fauzan Hidayat
Asian Journal of Social and Humanities Vol. 2 No. 9 (2024): Asian Journal of Social and Humanities
Publisher : Pelopor Publikasi Akademika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59888/ajosh.v2i9.332

Cyber ??operations began to attract attention in international law in the late 1990s, in 1999 the United States Naval War College held the first major legal conference on this issue. In the aftermath of the attacks of September 11, 2001, transnational terrorism and subsequent armed conflict shifted attention from topics to large-scale cyber attacks. Operations occurred in Estonia in 2007 and against Georgia during its war with the Russian Federation in 2008, as well as cyber incidents such as the targeting of Iran's nuclear facilities with the Stuxnet Worm in 2010. Cyber ??warfare is included in organized crime and terrorism as one of the level one threats. The United States National Security Strategy itself calls cyberwarfare one of the most serious national security, public safety and economic challenges that we face as a nation and state. There is a need for clear and concrete international and national legal regulations so that cyber warfare can be prevented and does not cause unnecessary casualties in accordance with the principles of international humanitarian law. Apart from clear regulations, support is needed in the defense sector to form human resources and at the military defense level.

Pengelolaan Flight Information Region Indonesia dan Singapura Terkait Kedaulatan Udara Dalam Hukum Internasional Vincent Raditya; Paulus Tworas Widodo; Dwi Imroatus Sholikah
Locus: Jurnal Konsep Ilmu Hukum Vol 6 No 1 (2026): Maret
Publisher : LOCUS MEDIA PUBLISHING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56128/jkih.v6i1.769

Pengelolaan Flight Information Region (FIR) antara Indonesia dan Singapura kerap diperdebatkan dalam konteks kedaulatan udara. Secara hukum, Pasal 1 Konvensi Chicago 1944 menegaskan kedaulatan penuh negara atas ruang udara, sementara pengaturan FIR bersifat teknis untuk keselamatan penerbangan dan tidak menyiratkan penyerahan kedaulatan. Perbedaan konseptual ini memunculkan persepsi politik dan hukum yang kompleks. Studi ini menganalisis keterkaitan pengelolaan FIR oleh Singapura di sebagian wilayah Kepulauan Riau dan Natuna dengan prinsip kedaulatan udara, serta mengevaluasi dampak Perjanjian Penyesuaian FIR Indonesia Singapura tahun 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif melalui analisis Konvensi Chicago 1944, ketentuan ICAO, dan perjanjian bilateral. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa penugasan layanan navigasi udara kepada negara lain tidak bertentangan dengan kedaulatan sepanjang berada dalam kerangka teknis ICAO. Perjanjian Penyesuaian FIR tahun 2022 mencerminkan mekanisme kooperatif yang menjaga keselamatan penerbangan sekaligus memperkuat posisi kedaulatan Indonesia. Studi ini menegaskan pentingnya diplomasi penerbangan, penguatan kapasitas nasional, dan koordinasi regional dalam pengelolaan FIR.

PERAN AHLI GIZI DALAM REALISASI HAK ATAS PANGAN DAN KESEHATAN: STUDI KOMPARATIF KEBIJAKAN GIZI DI JEPANG, BRASIL DAN FINLANDIA Achmed Forest Khan; Stanly Harimisa; Dwi Imroatus Sholikah
Journal of Social and Economics Research Vol 7 No 2 (2025): JSER, December 2025
Publisher : Ikatan Dosen Menulis

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54783/jser.v7i2.1204

Hak atas pangan yang memadai dan hak atas kesehatan merupakan hak ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya yang dijamin oleh International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). Namun, dalam wacana hukum, kontribusi profesi non hukum khususnya ahli gizi dalam mewujudkan kewajiban negara berdasarkan hukum hak asasi manusia internasional masih minim diakui. Padahal, ketika ahli gizi merancang menu sekolah yang inklusif, mengedukasi masyarakat tentang pola makan sehat, atau memastikan intervensi gizi responsif terhadap kelompok rentan, mereka secara nyata menerapkan prinsip non diskriminasi, partisipasi, dan keadilan sosial inti dari pendekatan berbasis HAM. Melalui pendekatan yuridis normatif dan studi komparatif, artikel ini menganalisis bagaimana Jepang, Brasil, dan Finlandia secara struktural mengintegrasikan ahli gizi dalam kebijakan publik, sehingga tidak hanya memenuhi standar gizi, tetapi juga merealisasikan prinsip-prinsip ICESCR. Di Jepang, program Kyūshoku menjadikan makan siang sebagai ruang pendidikan karakter; di Brasil, PNAE menghubungkan gizi dengan keadilan sosial dan ekonomi lokal; sementara di Finlandia, akses universal tanpa stigma menjadi wujud penghormatan terhadap martabat manusia.Bagi Indonesia, kehadiran Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan membuka landasan normatif kuat untuk mengakui ahli gizi sebagai aktor hak asasi manusia non tradisional. Namun, pengakuan ini perlu diwujudkan melalui regulasi turunan dan kebijakan yang mengintegrasikan prinsip HAM dalam setiap intervensi gizi. Temuan penelitian menegaskan bahwa pemenuhan HAM bisa dimulai dari hal yang paling mendasar: satu piring makanan yang bergizi dan di baliknya, selalu ada peran strategis seorang ahli gizi.

Construction of Doctors' Criminal Liability in Handling Emergency Patients: Between Medical Negligence, Medical Risk, and First Aid Obligations Rivan Picaso; Dwi Imroatus Sholikah; Burham Pranawa; Citra Cahyarini
Law Development Journal Vol 8, No 2 (2026): June 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/ldj.8.2.552-569

Emergency medical services are a form of healthcare that requires speed, accuracy, and professionalism from healthcare workers, particularly doctors. In practice, not all medical care leads to recovery, and in certain situations, it can result in disability or death. These conditions raise legal issues regarding the boundaries between medical negligence, medical risk, and the obligation to provide first aid in emergency situations. This study aims to analyze the construction of doctors' criminal liability in treating emergency patients based on Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health, the Indonesian Criminal Code, and health law doctrine in Indonesia. This study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory, conceptual, and case-based approach. The findings indicate that criminal liability for doctors in emergency services can only be imposed when an element of error in the form of gross negligence is proven, there is a causal relationship between the doctor's actions and the patient's harm, and there is no justification or excuse. The medical risks inherent in medical procedures cannot automatically be criminalized. On the other hand, doctors and healthcare facilities have a legal obligation to provide first aid to emergency patients without discrimination. This study emphasizes the need for a balanced legal formulation between patient protection and protection of the medical profession to avoid defensive medical practices in health services.

KEFEFEKTIFAN MEKANISME EKSEKUSI NAFKAH ANAK PASCA PERCERAIAN (STUDI CELAH HUKUM DALAM SISTEM HUKUM POSITIF INDONESIA) Hikmah Putri Pristi Sari; Burham Pranawa; Dwi Imroatus Sholikah
NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Vol 13, No 6 (2026): NUSANTARA : JURNAL ILMU PENGETAHUAN SOSIAL
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31604/jips.v13i6.2026.%p

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis enforcement gap dalam penegakan nafkah anak wajib diberikan setelah perceraian sesuai hukum, serta merumuskan model mekanisme daya paksa yang ideal untuk meningkatkan efektivitas penegakan hukum. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, serta perbandingan hukum, disertai dukungan data empiris terbatas.. Temuan penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa secara normatif pengaturan pemenuhan nafkah anak telah tersedia secara memadai dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan, Kompilasi Hukum Islam, dan Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan Anak. Namun demikian, pelaksanaan kewajiban tersebut dalam praktik masih menghadapi berbagai kendala yang menyebabkan terjadinya enforcement gap. Kesenjangan ini disebabkan oleh kelemahan struktur penegakan hukum, keterbatasan sistem hukum acara perdata yang bersifat pasif, ketiadaan mekanisme daya paksa yang efektif, serta rendahnya tingkat kepatuhan hukum. Perbandingan dengan sistem penegakan nafkah anak di Amerika Serikat, khususnya di negara bagian Arizona, menunjukkan adanya mekanisme yang lebih efektif melalui pendekatan administratif, seperti pemotongan penghasilan secara otomatis dan pengenaan sanksi administratif. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan mekanisme penegakan hukum melalui pembentukan sistem yang terintegrasi, penerapan instrumen pemaksaan administratif, serta pengembangan model penegakan hukum yang menekankan pada perlindungan hak anak secara kontinu.

Implementasi Prinsip Hukum Internasional dalam Pengaturan Perdagangan Digital Global: Tantangan dan Implikasi terhadap Keadilan Ekonomi Johanes Artnandhi Tejamaya; Ragil Barry Prastiyo; Dwi Imroatus Sholikah
VISA: Journal of Vision and Ideas Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Vision and Ideas (VISA)
Publisher : IAI Nasional Laa Roiba Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Global digital trade has become a crucial pillar of modern economic growth; however, its rapid development presents new challenges for the international legal system. The lack of regulatory harmony among nations, technological disparities, and weak protection of economic justice highlight the need to strengthen international legal principles that are adaptive to the digital era. This study aims to analyze the application of international legal principles in regulating global digital trade and to examine their implications for economic justice among nations. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches by reviewing various international legal instruments such as the WTO Agreement on E-Commerce and the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce. The findings reveal that the implementation of principles of equality, non-discrimination, and economic justice remains limited due to political interests and disparities in legal capacity among countries. The discussion emphasizes the importance of reformulating international legal principles to accommodate the dynamics of digital trade in a fair and inclusive manner. This study concludes that international law must transform from a mere regulatory instrument into an ethical tool for promoting global economic justice through collaborative and sustainable digital governance.

Analisis Implementasi Hukum Internasional, Perubahan Iklim dalam Tata Kelola Lingkungan Indonesia Slamet Komarudin; Satriyo Pratomo; Dwi Imroatus Sholikah
VISA: Journal of Vision and Ideas Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): Journal of Vision and Ideas (VISA)
Publisher : IAI Nasional Laa Roiba Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47467/visa.v5i3.10292

To address global issues such as climate change, countries must cooperate through the implementation of strong international law. Due to its high ecological vulnerability, Indonesia must play a significant role in global commitments to climate change mitigation and adaptation. The purpose of this study is to examine how international legal instruments, such as the Paris Agreement and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), are applied in Indonesian environmental governance. This research used a juridical-normative approach, conducting a qualitative analysis of government policies, national regulations, and relevant academic literature. The study shows that Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management, along with its various derivative regulations, have incorporated international climate change principles into Indonesian national regulations. However, suboptimal environmental law enforcement, limited regional capacity, and poor inter-agency coordination remain challenges. To ensure the effective implementation of international law in the country, policy harmonization, institutional capacity building, and legal system strengthening are needed.

Legal Analysis of the Settlement of Credit Agreement Defaults Through the Small Claims Court Mechanism: A Study of Boyolali District Court Decision Number 1/Pdt.G.S/2026/PN BYL Olivia Tiara Sejati; Burham Pranawa; Dwi Imroatus Sholikah
Amorti: Jurnal Studi Islam Interdisipliner Vol. 5 No. 3 Juli 2026: Amorti: Jurnal Studi Islam Interdisipliner
Publisher : Yayasan Azhar Amanaa Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59944/amorti.v5i3.1257

This study aims to analyze the resolution of credit agreement breaches through the Small Claims Court mechanism and to examine the judge's legal reasoning in Decision of the Boyolali District Court Number 1/Pdt.G.S/2026/PN BYL. The research employed a normative juridical method using statutory and case approaches. Data were collected through library research on legislation, legal doctrines, and court decisions and were analyzed qualitatively. The findings indicate that the Small Claims Court mechanism fulfills the principles of simple, speedy, and low-cost justice for resolving credit agreement disputes that satisfy the requirements of Supreme Court Regulation Number 4 of 2019. The judge's considerations were based on the existence of a legal relationship, the debtor's failure to perform contractual obligations, and the fulfillment of the elements of breach of contract under Article 1243 of the Indonesian Civil Code. The study concludes that the effectiveness of the Small Claims Court depends on the proper application of legal norms and careful judicial assessment of evidence to ensure legal certainty, justice, and legal benefit in civil dispute resolution).

IMPLIKASI HUKUM UNCLOS 1982 TERHADAP SENGKETA LAUT CINA SELATAN PERSPEKTIF HUKUM INTERNASIONAL Aris Wahyu Kristanto; Dwi Imroatus Sholikah
NUSANTARA : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Vol 12, No 9 (2025): Nusantara : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31604/jips.v12i9.2025.3946-3960

Konvensi Hukum Laut Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea/UNCLOS) 1982 merupakan instrumen hukum internasional utama yang mengatur rezim kelautan global, termasuk hak dan kewajiban negara pantai terhadap wilayah lautnya. Sengketa Laut Cina Selatan merupakan salah satu permasalahan paling kompleks di kawasan Asia Tenggara karena melibatkan klaim kedaulatan dan hak berdaulat yang tumpang tindih antara Tiongkok, Filipina, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, dan Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implikasi hukum UNCLOS 1982 terhadap klaim kedaulatan dan hak berdaulat di kawasan Laut Cina Selatan serta menilai sejauh mana UNCLOS mampu berperan sebagai dasar hukum dalam penyelesaian sengketa secara damai. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, dengan menelaah ketentuan UNCLOS 1982, putusan Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) tahun 2016 dalam perkara Philippines v. China, serta dokumen hukum internasional terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun UNCLOS telah menetapkan kerangka hukum yang jelas mengenai Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif (ZEE) dan landas kontinen, pelaksanaannya di Laut Cina Selatan masih menghadapi hambatan karena adanya klaim historis “nine-dash line” Tiongkok yang bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip UNCLOS. Selain itu, tidak adanya mekanisme penegakan hukum yang bersifat memaksa dalam sistem hukum internasional menjadi faktor penghambat penerapan putusan arbitrase. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan kerja sama regional melalui ASEAN dan komitmen politik antarnegara untuk memperkuat implementasi hukum laut internasional guna mewujudkan stabilitas dan perdamaian di kawasan.

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