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All Journal Science and Technology Indonesia JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Jurnal Hilirisasi IPTEKS (JHI) Jurnal Farmasi Higea JPK: Jurnal Proteksi Kesehatan Pharmaceutical And Biomedical Sciences Journal (PBSJ) Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences.
Salman Umar
Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia.
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Dentistry Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Physics Public Health Veterinary Other

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Preparation and Characterization of a Eutectic Mixture of Fenofibric Acid and Nicotinic Acid and Evaluatuion of In Vivo Antihyperlipidemic Activity Deni Anggraini; Hulwa Salsabila; Salman Umar; Yufri Aldi; Erizal Zaini
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 4 (2022): October
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1086.036 KB) | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2022.7.4.514-521

Abstract

Fenofibric Acid (FA) is classified under Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II due to its poorly soluble in water and high permeability. The present study aimed to prepare the eutectic mixture of FA with nicotinic acid (NA) and characterize its solid state properties and in vitro dissolution rate, along with its in vivo antihyperlipidemic activity. Solvent drop grinding was the method chosen to prepare the eutectic mixture of FA and NA. Solid-state properties were evaluated using thermal analysis Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), crystallographic analysis Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), FT-IR spectroscopic analysis, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). To examine in vivo antihyperlipidemic activity, 16 male Swiss Webster rats were injected with 1% hyperlipidemia-inducing solution, followed by the oral administration of 9.45 mg/kg FA and NA (equivalent to 9.45 mg/kg FA), after which the decrease in cholesterol levels was measured. Two-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the data, followed by Duncan’s multiple range test (95% confidence interval). The results proved that FA formed the eutectic mixture with NA at a molar ratio of 6:4. The eutectic mixture of FA-NA had a better solubility and in vitro dissolution rate compared to intact FA, which also led to notably improved antihyperlipidemic activity.
Article Review: Immunomudulatory Activity of Pegagan Embun (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.) Extract Adrul Fauzan; Yufri Aldi; Salman Umar; Afriwardi Afriwardi
JURNAL PROTEKSI KESEHATAN Vol 12 No 1 (2023): JPK: Jurnal Proteksi Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36929/jpk.v12i1.636

Abstract

Various kinds of diseases can be caused by exposure to objects that are not recognized by the body. To recognize these foreign objects, a good immune system is needed. Immunomodulators are substances used to exert an effect on the immune system. The function of an immunodulator in the body can be as an immunostimulant, namely by stimulating the function of the immune system. Immunostimulating compounds can be obtained from plants. One of the plants that can be used is pegagan embun (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.). In Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. It contains flavonoid compounds which have immunomodulatory activity. This article review was conducted to obtain information related to the immunomodulatory potential of the Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam plant. The writing method for making this research article review was a comparative method, namely taken from a collection of national journals and international journals. Various research results that have been obtained prove that the extract of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. can potentially enhance the body's immune system due to the content of flavonoid compounds which function as natural immunomodulators.
Review : Metode Peningkatan Kelarutan Dengan Dispersi Padat Elpa Giovana Zola; Salman Umar; Erizal Zaini
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 6 Nomor 4 (2023)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v6i4.307

Abstract

One or more active chemicals are dispersed in a matrix or carrier in an inert state using a solid dispersion technique. The term "solid dispersion" describes the solid state in which a material is mixed with another material. Solid dispersions have many benefits over other traditional compositions and can be manufactured in a variety of ways. A combination of a hydrophobic matrix and a hydrophilic medication is called a solid dispersion. Drugs in solid dispersions can be dispersed in the form of molecules, amorphous solids, or crystals. The carrier used in solid dispersion systems is a polymer. The drug fills the gaps between the chains of polymers and increases their relative flexibility when the medication and polymer contact. Low rates of solubility and absorption are caused by chemicals that are powerful but not very soluble in water, thus affecting the effectiveness of therapy. Therefore, solubility is a crucial factor to consider while creating high-quality, safe, and effective preparations. A common technique to improve dissolution and solubility is the solid dispersion of active drug ingredients. Solid dispersions can be made in several methods to improve solubility and dissolving rate such as Dropping Method, Spray Drying Co-grinding, Lyophilization Technique, Fusion Method, Kneading, and Solvent Evaporation. Various types of carrier polymers that can be used to make solid dispersions are also covered in this study. The results of the review article show that the dissolution and solubility rate of active drug ingredients can be increased using the solid dispersion method compared to pure active ingredients.
Literature Review: Effect of Pegagan Embun (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.) Extract on NK and CD8 Cell Activity Gusriyani, Sri; Aldi, Yufri; Umar, Salman; Afriwardi, Afriwardi
JURNAL PROTEKSI KESEHATAN Vol 12 No 2 (2023): JPK: Jurnal Proteksi Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36929/jpk.v12i2.644

Abstract

There have been many traditional plants used for treatment, one plant that is widely used by the community for treatment is Hydrocotile sibthorpioides L. which is efficacious as an immunomodulator. In this plant, there are flavonoid compounds, namely rutin which has activity to increase the body's immune system, especially in NK and CD8 cells. NK (Natural Killer) and CD8 (Cluster of Differentiation 8) cells are components of the immune system that play an important role in immunomodulatory activity. This article review was conducted to obtain information on the effect of Hydrocotile sibthorpioides L. extract on NK and CD8 cell activity in the body. The writing method in making this research article review is comparative, which is taken from a collection of national journals and international journals. Various research results that have been obtained state that Hydrocotile sibthorpioides L. extract can affect the activity of NK and CD8 cells in improving the immune system.
Literature Review: Multicomponent Crystal of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients to Improve the Solubility Haq AH, Ahdi Dinil; Umar, Salman; Zaini, Erizal
JURNAL PROTEKSI KESEHATAN Vol 12 No 2 (2023): JPK: Jurnal Proteksi Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36929/jpk.v12i2.683

Abstract

The purpose of this review was to discuss abouts active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), formulations of drugs that are poorly soluble in water using various coformers and various methods of forming multicomponent crystals to increase the solubility of API. The formula used is equivalent in molecular weight between the active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and coformers, using solvent evaporation and solvent drop grinding methods. A series of characterizations using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to confirm the formation of multicomponent crystals. The analysis from the results of the research show an increase in the solubility of API in water, that is 1.3 up to 115 times compared to intactsubstances.
PENGARUH PENYIAPAN DISPERSI PADAT ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM-POLIVINILPIROLIDON K-30 (PVP K30) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK, KELARUTAN DAN DISOLUSI Aprilianti, Hizra Dwi; Umar, Salman; Zaini, Erizal
Jurnal Farmasi Higea Vol 16, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : STIFARM Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52689/higea.v16i1.609

Abstract

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kelarutan dari atorvastatin kalsium yang memiliki kelarutan rendah didalam air dengan menggunakan metode dispersi padat. Metode dispersi padat yang digunakan adalah penguapan pelarut (solvent evaporation). Dispersi padat atorvastatin kalsium dan polivinilpirolidon K-30 sebagai polimer dibuat dengan perbandingan 1:9, 3:7, 5:5, 7:3, dan 9:1. Hasil uji kelarutan dan disolusi dispersi padat yang terbaik dilakukan karakterisasi dengan analisis powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Hasil uji kelarutan menunjukkan kelarutan dispersi padat 1:9 memiliki kelarutan yang paling tinggi dengan peningkatan kelarutan 9,986 kali. Hasil persen terdisolusi menit ke-30 yang terbaik pada dispersi padat 1:9 dalam dapar fosfat pH 6,8 adalah 86,136%. Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi menunjukan bahwa terbentuknya dispersi padat atorvastatin kalsium dan polivinilpirolidon K-30 (PVP K-30) yang bersifat amorf. Kesimpulannya dispersi padat atorvastatin kalsium dan polivinilpirolidon K-30 menggunakan metode penguapan pelarut dapat meningkatkan kelarutan dari atorvastatin kalsium.
UJI AKTIVITAS IN VIVO DAN IN VITRO ANTI PLATELET BROMELIN TERHADAP PENYAKIT KARDIOVASKULAR Fadilla, Utami Budhi; Aldi, Yufri; Afriwardi, Afriwardi; Umar, Salman
Jurnal Farmasi Higea Vol 16, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : STIFARM Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52689/higea.v16i2.603

Abstract

Penyakit kardiovaskuler atau Cardiovascular Disase (CVD) adalah sekumpulan gangguan yang terjadi pada sistem jantung dan pembuluh darah. CVD dapat disebabkan oleh adanya agregasi platelet dalam saluran darah. Penggunaan anti platelet dapat meminimalkan angka kematian terhadap CVD, tetapi beberapa antiplatelet dibeberapa individu mengalami resistensi, dan bahkan menyebabkan efek samping lainnya, penggunaan fitomedika dapat menjadi alternatif dalam pengobatan CVD seperti penggunaan enzim bromelin. Enzim ini dapat digunakan untuk membantu mengurangi sensitivitas platelet terhadap ADP (Adenosine diphosphate) yang memicu agregasi platelet. Artikel ini merupakan review dari beberapa Original Research dan Review/ Open review yang diambil 10 tahun terakhir yang menjadi sumber referensi dalam artikel ini. Dari hasil telaah artikel pada sampel bromelin tersebut lebih banyak menggunakan uji in vitro dengan menggunakan metode PRP, dengan nilai aktivitas agregasi platelet bromelin berada diatas 40%. Sementara untuk pengujian in vivo pada mencit didapatkan dosis 210 µg/Kgbb sebagai dosis terbaik dan   pada tikus pada dosis 112 mg/kgbb. Sehingga dapat disimpulakan bahwa bromelin dapat menurunkan aagragasi platelet terhadap ADP yang menjadi parameter dalam CVD.
Pembentukan Kokristal Asam Usnat – N-Methyl-DGlucamine dengan Metode Penguapan Pelarut dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Penurunan Interleukin-8 pada Tikus Inflamasi Fadhila, Muthia; Umar, Salman; Zaini, Erizal
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 7 No 1 (2020): J Sains Farm Klin 7(1), April 2020
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.7.1.23-30.2020

Abstract

Pada penetitian ini pembentukan kokristal asam usnat-N-methyl-D-glucamine bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kelarutan dan laju disolusi asam usnat serta uji efektivitasnya dalam kadar IL-8 pada tikus inflamasi. Kokristal asam usnat–N-methyl-D-glucamine dibuat dengan perbandingan 1:1 ekuimola dengan metode penguapan pelarut menggunakan etanol. Karakterisasi sampel dilakukan dengan difraksi sinar-X, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), dan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Evaluasi kokristal yang dilakukan mencakup uji kelarutan, uji laju disolusi, dan penentuan kadar interleukin-8 (IL-8) pada tikus inflamasi. Uji kelarutan dilakukan menggunakan pelarut air suling bebas CO2 sedangkan uji laju disolusi menggunakan media air suling bebas CO2 0.25% (b/v) sodium lauril sulfat (SLS), kedua larutan uji dianalisis menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Pemeriksaan IL-8 tikus inflamasi menggunakan metode ELISA. Hasil karakterisasi difraksi sinar-X menunjukkan profil difraktogram yang berbeda dari komponen penyusun yang mengindikasikan terbentuknya fase kokristal. Hasil termogram DSC menunjukkan adanya puncak endotermik baru yang berbeda dengan kedua komponen penyusun. Spektrum FT-IR menunjukkan terjadinya pergeseran bilangan gelombang pada spektrum kokristal dibandingkan spektrum asam usnat dan N-methyl-D-glucamine. Analisis SEM menunjukkan perubahan morfologi partikel. Kelarutan dan laju disolusi kokristal meningkat secara signifikan (P<0,05) sebanyak 24 kali dan 23 kali dibandingkan dengan senyawa asam usnat murni. Kokristal dapat menurunkan kadar IL-8 pada tikus inflamasi yang setara dengan aktivitas antiinflamasi asetosal (P<0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa koristal asam usnat - N-methyl-D-glucamine dapat meningkatkan kelarutan, laju disolusi, dan menurunkan kadar IL-8 tikus inflamasi.
Validasi Metoda Analisis Penetapan Kadar Ketoprofen pada Tablet Salut Enterik secara Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi dan Spektrofotometri UV Umar, Salman; Saafrida, Saafrida; Lucida, Henny
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 8 No 2 (2021): J Sains Farm Klin 8(2), Agustus 2021
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.8.2.200-207.2021

Abstract

Ketoprofen yang beredar di Indonesia sebagian besar dalam bentuk sediaan tablet salut enterik, tetapi metoda analisis untuk penetapan kadar dan uji disolusinya belum tersedia dalam farmakope.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah  mengembangkan metode kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (KCKT) dan spektrofotometri ultraviolet visibel (UV) untuk  melakukan analisis tablet salut enterik ketoprofen. Penetapan kadar  dan keseragaman kandungan ketoprofen tablet salut enterik ditentukan secara KCKT isokratik fase terbalik yang telah divalidasi menggunakan kolom reverse phase (RP-18 ) (250 x 4,6 mm) diameter partikel 5 µm, fase gerak metanol-dapar fosfat 13 mM pH 6,5 perbandingan 60:40 v/v, laju alir 1,0 mL/menit dan detektor UV 258 nm. Spesifisitas, linieritas, akurasi, dan presisi  memenuhi persyaratan International Conference on Harmonization (ICH). Metode KCKT memberikan lineritas yang sangat baik (r > 0,999) pada rentang konsentrasi 15 – 35 µg/mL, presisi dinyatakan dalam persen deviasi standar relative (% RSD <0,87) dan perolehan kembali yang baik (R> 99,97%). Metode KCKT lebih sensitif dibandingkan metode spektrofotometri UV, dengan nilai LOD masing-masing adalah 0,18 dan 0,67 µg/mL serta LOQ 1,20 dan 2,49 µg/mL.  Hasil validasi dan uji penetapan kadar ketoprofen pada tablet salut enterik dengan metode KCKT tidak berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan metode spektrofotometri UV (P>0,05)
Pengembangan dan Validasi Metoda Disolusi Tablet Salut Enterik Ketoprofen saafrida, Saafrida -; Umar, Salman; Lucida, Henny
JSFK (Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis) Vol 9 No 3 (2022): J Sains Farm Klin 9(3), Desember 2022
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jsfk.9.3.285-290.2022

Abstract

Tablet salut enterik Ketoprofen adalah obat yang beredar luas di  Indonesia. Digunakan  untuk mengatasi nyeri arthiritis tulang, rematik dan demam. Namun, sejauh ini uji disolusinya secara spesifik belum tersedia dalam farmakope manapun.  Uji disolusi termasuk parameter yang harus diperhatikan untuk mengetahui kualitas produk obat sediaan padat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah  mengembangkan dan memvalidasi metode pegujian disolusi dari tablet salut enterik ketoprofen. Profil disolusi diamati terhadap 3 produk tablet salut enterik ketoprofen yang beredar di kota Padang. Uji disolusi dilakukan dua tahap menggunakan 750 mL larutan HCl 0,1 N ( tahap asam) dan 1000 mL larutan dapar fosfat pH 6,8 dan 7,4 (tahap basa), alat tipe 1 (keranjang) dan tipe 2 (dayung) kecepatan 50 dan 75 rpm. Hasil uji disolusi selanjutnya ditentukan secara spektrofotometri UV. Metoda uji disolusi  hyperdiscriminating  diperoleh pada uji disolusi menggunakan alat tipe 1,  kecepatan rotasi 75 rpm dan  media disolusi 1000 mL dapar fosfat pH 6,8 dengan nilai Q45 ≥ 75%. Spesifiitas, linieritas  (r = 0,9988), presisi (RSD = 1,12%) dan akurasi (recoveri = 95,7 - 97,6%)  memenuhi syarat keberterimaan sesuai pedoman ICH dan USP. Uji disolusi yang dikembangkan dapat digunakan untuk tujuan pengawasan mutu tablet salut enterik ketoprofen .  
Co-Authors Aditya Alqamal Alianta Adrul Fauzan Afriwardi Afriwardi Aprilianti, Hizra Dwi Azukhruf, Wanda Sabila Deni Anggraini Elpa Giovana Zola Erizal Zaini Fadhila, Muthia Fadilla, Utami Budhi Firdaus, Wahyu Alfath Gusriyani, Sri Haq AH, Ahdi Dinil Henny Lucida Hulwa Salsabila Rahmadevi Saafrida, Saafrida saafrida, Saafrida - Usman, Hendrizal Yufri Aldi