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All Journal Journal Syifa Sciences and Clinical Research (JSSCR) Jurnal Dunia Farmasi Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia Journal of Current Health Sciences Jurnal Novem Medika Farmasi Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung: Sains Farmasi dan Kesehatan
Muhammad Iqbal
UNIVERSITAS ISLAM MAKASSAR
Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Dentistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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Formulasi Sediaan Salep Bisul dari Ekstrak Daun Bungur (Lagerstroemia speciosa L. Pers) Musdalifah Musdalifah; Muhammad Iqbal
Journal Syifa Sciences and Clinical Research Vol 4, No 2 (2022): Volume 4 Edisi 2 2022
Publisher : State University of Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37311/jsscr.v4i2.14140

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a normal flora of the skin and mucous membranes in humans, it can cause human infection in the form of boils. One example of antimicrobials that can be obtained from nature is the flower plant because it contains active substances, namely saponins, flavonoids, and tannins. To increase the effectiveness and convenience of using bungur leaves, it is necessary to formulate it in a more practical form such as a preparation. This study aims to identify the active fraction of the leaf extract of bungur (Lagerstroemia speciosa L. Pers) in boils ointment against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The extraction method was used  the maceration method, which was followed by the preparation of a boil ointment formulation, then tested against the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The diameter of the resistance formed was measured and statistically analyzed using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method. The results showed that the average resistance diameter of 1% bungur leaf ointment was 11.5 mm, 5% was 12.7 mm, 10% was 15.8 mm, and positive control was 16.5 mm. It was concluded that the effective concentration of bungur leaf extract in the ointment preparation in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus was 1%.
CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF HONEY, LEMON, GINGER FERMENTATION AGAINST BACTERIA CAUSING ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS (ARI) Andi Dian Astriani; Muhammad Iqbal
Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Vol 9 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Farmasi Muhammadiyah Cirebon

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37874/ms.v9i2.931

Abstract

Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a disease that attacks one or more parts of the airway, from the nose to the alveoli. The most common bacteria found in the samples of patients with ARI were Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebisilia pneumonia. Honey contains flavonoids, amino acids and potassium as antibiotics that are bactericidal (kill bacteria) and bacteriostatic (inhibit bacterial growth). Gingerol in ginger (Zingiber officinale) and lemon (Citrus limon) has antibacterial activity. Honey fermentation is believed to have great potential as an antibacterial compound. This study aimed to determine the inhibitory activity and physical characteristics of fermented honey, lemons, and ginger against ARI bacteria. The test bacteria used were Streptococus pneumonia, Stahpylococcus aureus, and Klebsilia pneumonia. Fermentation of honey, lemon, and ginger was performed with variations in fermentation time (days 1, 3, 5, and 7) and honey without fermentation to determine the effect of fermentation time on inhibitory activity. The inhibition activity was tested using the agar diffusion method. Measurement of inhibition diameter using a caliper. Determination of ginger lemon fermented honey characteristics, including water content, sucrose content, and total sugar content, using gravimetric and titrimetric methods. Based on the activity test, honey fermented for 1 day had the greatest inhibitory activity of 9.71 mm; 9.20 mm; and 9.86 mm against Stahpylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pneumonia, Klebsilia pneumonia compared to honey fermented for 3 days, 5 days, 7 days and honey without fermentation. ...
Analisis Kandungan Omega-3 dan Omega-6pada Ekstrak Kulit BUah Naga Merah(Hylocereus polyrhizus Lem.) ANDI AISYAH, ANDI AISYAH ASRIA SAFITRI; muhammad iqbal
Jurnal Novem Medika Farmasi Vol. 2 No. 1: Volume 2 Issue 1
Publisher : Program Studi Farmasi, Universitas Islam Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59638/junomefar.v2i1.754

Abstract

Analisis kandungan omega-3 dan omega-6 pada ekstrak kulit buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus Lem.) telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kandungan asam lemak omega-3 dan omega-6 pada kulit buah naga merah. Metode penelitian meliputi ekstraksi secara sokhletasi menggunakan pelarut n-heksan, analisis kadar asam lemak omega-3 dan omega-6 menggunakan metode Gas Chromatografi (GC). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kulit buah naga merah memiliki kandungan asam lemak omega-3 sebesar 4,06% yang terdiri dari asam arakidat 0,27% asam linolenat 3,04%, asam eikosadienoat 0,10%, asam eikosatrienoat 0,35% dan asam dokosadienoat 0,30% dan omega-6 terdapat asam linoleat sebesar 14,95%.
Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Sediaan Face Mist Ekstrak Kelopak Bunga Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Arifin, Arfiani; Iqbal, Muhammad; Widya Ningsih, Wiwi
Jurnal Dunia Farmasi Vol 9, No 1 (2024): Edisi Desember
Publisher : LPPM Institut Kesehatan Helvetia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33085/jdf.v9i1.6329

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Kulit kering memiliki tingkat kelembaban yang rendah sehingga dapat menimbulkan rasa gatal, kasar, kaku serta tipis pada permukaan kulit. Salah satu tanaman yang dapat menangkal radikal bebas yaitu kelopak bunga rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  memformulasi ekstrak kelopak bunga rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) dalam sediaan face mist yang memenuhi syarat uji mutu fisik dan untuk menentukan konsentrasi ekstrak kelopak bunga rosella dalam sediaan face mist yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antioksidan. Metode: Penelitian ini diawali dengan metode ekstraksi yang digunakan yaitu metode maserasi dengan pelarut air:etanol 70% (1:1) dan pengujian aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 505 nm. Hasil: Hasil penelitian diperoleh FI (0,5%), FII (1%), FIII (1,5%) memenuhi syrarat uji mutu fisik, kecuali pengujian pH tidak memenuhi syarat uji mutu fisik. Hasil aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak kelopak bunga rosella diperoleh nilai IC50 sebesar 53,208 µg/mL. Nilai IC50 pada sediaan face mist FI (0,5%) 73,327 µg/mL, FII (1%) 68,257 µg/mL, FIII (1,5%) 59,972 µg/mL. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sediaan face mist ekstrak kelopak bunga rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat.
FORMULASI DAN UJI KARAKTERISTIK FISIK SEDIAAN PATCH EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KUMIS KUCING (Orthosiphon stamineus) Arfiani Arifin; Muhammad Iqbal
Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung Vol 5 No 2 (2019): Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung
Publisher : jurnal ilmiah manuntung sekolah tinggi ilmu kesehatan samarinda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51352/jim.v5i2.280

Abstract

Various forms of medicine can provide options for using drugs to the public such as patch. The research purpose was to determine variation concentration of Polyvinylpirolidone (PVP) and Ethyl cellulose (EC) as polymer patch which obtain the best physical characteristics of the Orthosiphon stamineus leaves ethanol extract patch. The ethanol extract of Orthosiphon stamineus leaves was obtained through maceration method using 70% ethanol solvent. The extract was formulated in the form of patch using the solvent casting method. The result showed that the best physical characteristics patch formulation was the F3 formula (250 mg of EC and 25 mg of PVP) with organoleptic test (a brownish green color, square shape and characteristic odor), patch humidity ( 3,64%), the average weight uniformity test (0.567 gram ± 0.01) and the patch thickness test (0.375 mm ± 0.02).
Phytochemical screening of secondary metabolite compounds in tammate leaf extract (Lannea coromandelica (HOUTT.) MERR.) from Pangkep Regency using various extraction methods Iqbal, Muhammad; Jariah , Astri Ainun
Journal of Current Health Sciences Vol. 5 No. 1: 2025
Publisher : Utan Kayu Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47679/jchs.2025107

Abstract

Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr., commonly known as Tammate, is a traditional medicinal plant with potential as a source of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to identify the secondary metabolite content in ethanol extracts of Tammate leaves using four different extraction methods: infusion, maceration, reflux, and Soxhlet extraction. The research methodology involved extracting the plant material with each technique, followed by phytochemical screening through color reactions and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results showed that the reflux method yielded the highest extract percentage at 18.77%, followed by maceration at 13.08%, Soxhlet at 5.14%, and infusion at 3.94%. Phytochemical screening indicated that reflux and maceration were more effective in extracting alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, saponins, and steroids, as confirmed by both color reactions and TLC. In contrast, the infusion method showed the least effectiveness. These findings emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate extraction methods to optimize the isolation of bioactive compounds. The implications of this study support the development of efficient extraction techniques in the natural-based pharmaceutical industry and contribute to the utilization of local Indonesian medicinal plants. Further research is recommended to conduct quantitative analyses of the main compounds and to evaluate the pharmacological activities of the extracts.
Antibacterial Activity of the Traditional Drink Rorano Yuka Against Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae Iqbal, Muhammad; Febrianty, Marisca; Musdalifah, Musdalifah; Hakim, Dian Safira B.
Journal of Current Health Sciences Vol. 5 No. 4: 2025
Publisher : Utan Kayu Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47679/jchs.2025136

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains a growing global challenge, particularly among enteric Gram-negative pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae, which continue to cause high morbidity in low-resource settings. In response, ethnopharmacological approaches offer promising, locally grounded alternatives. This study investigated the antibacterial activity of the traditional North Maluku herbal drink Rorano Yuka—a polyherbal decoction of ginger, turmeric, clove, lemongrass, cinnamon, galangal, black pepper, nutmeg, and areca nut—and its infusion against E. coli and S. dysenteriae. Using an agar diffusion assay across graded concentrations (2.5–10% w/v), both preparations exhibited inhibitory effects, with process-dependent variations. The decoction (Yuka) showed a clear dose–response pattern and achieved the strongest inhibition, surpassing the positive control against S. dysenteriae at 10%, while the infusion displayed peak activity at intermediate concentration against E. coli. These findings indicate that heat treatment enhances extraction of polar, heat-stable phytochemicals with broad antibacterial potential, whereas milder infusion may preserve volatile constituents. The results support Rorano Yuka’s potential as a culturally accepted, plant-based antibacterial candidate and contribute to evidence-based validation of traditional remedies. Future work should include phytochemical characterization, MIC/MBC assays, and in vivo evaluations to guide dose standardization, safety assessment, and integration into community-level diarrheal disease management. Abstrak. Resistensi antimikroba (AMR) tetap menjadi tantangan global yang terus meningkat, terutama pada patogen enterik Gram-negatif seperti Escherichia coli dan Shigella dysenteriae yang masih menyebabkan angka kesakitan tinggi di wilayah dengan sumber daya terbatas. Sebagai respons terhadap permasalahan ini, pendekatan etnofarmakologi menawarkan alternatif yang menjanjikan dan berbasis kearifan lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aktivitas antibakteri dari minuman herbal tradisional Maluku Utara, Rorano Yuka—ramuan polih herbal hasil rebusan yang mengandung jahe, kunyit, cengkeh, serai, kayu manis, lengkuas, lada hitam, pala, dan pinang—serta hasil infusinya terhadap E. coli dan S. dysenteriae. Dengan menggunakan metode difusi agar pada berbagai konsentrasi (2,5–10% b/v), kedua sediaan menunjukkan efek penghambatan yang bervariasi tergantung pada proses persiapannya. Sediaan rebusan (Yuka) menunjukkan pola dosis–respon yang jelas dan menghasilkan daya hambat tertinggi, bahkan melampaui kontrol positif terhadap S. dysenteriae pada konsentrasi 10%, sementara sediaan infus mencapai aktivitas puncak pada konsentrasi menengah terhadap E. coli. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa proses pemanasan meningkatkan ekstraksi senyawa fitokimia polar dan stabil terhadap panas yang memiliki potensi antibakteri luas, sedangkan proses infus yang lebih ringan mampu mempertahankan komponen volatil. Hasil penelitian ini mendukung potensi Rorano Yuka sebagai kandidat antibakteri berbasis tanaman yang diterima secara budaya serta memberikan kontribusi terhadap validasi ilmiah obat tradisional. Penelitian lanjutan disarankan mencakup karakterisasi fitokimia, uji MIC/MBC, dan uji in vivo untuk menentukan standarisasi dosis, penilaian keamanan, serta integrasinya dalam pengelolaan penyakit diare berbasis masyarakat.
Synergistic Antioxidant Activity of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) and Basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) Extract Syrup in Rats Exposed to Oxidative Stress from Used Cooking Oil Iqbal, Muhammad; Mustaina, Mustaina; Yusuf, Nur Fajrin Maulana
Majalah Kesehatan Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 3: 2025
Publisher : Utan Kayu Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47679/makein.2025286

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of a syrup combining Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (roselle) and Ocimum sanctum L. (basil) extracts in male rats exposed to oxidative stress induced by used cooking oil (UCO). A randomized controlled design was applied using six treatment groups, including single and combined extract syrups. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, an indicator of lipid peroxidation, were measured before induction, after UCO exposure, and following treatment. Results showed a significant rise in MDA levels after UCO induction, confirming oxidative stress. Administration of roselle–basil syrup markedly reduced plasma MDA compared with the induced control (p < 0.05). The optimal formulation achieved up to a 96–97% reduction in MDA levels, indicating strong antioxidant efficacy. This effect is attributed to the synergistic action of anthocyanins from roselle and eugenol and rosmarinic acid from basil, which act as radical scavengers and metal chelators. These findings validate the synergistic potential of the roselle–basil combination in mitigating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. The study highlights its promise as a natural, safe, and locally sourced antioxidant formulation, offering a foundation for developing functional beverages or nutraceutical products aimed at preventing oxidative damage from dietary lipid oxidation.
Co-Authors ANDI AISYAH, ANDI AISYAH ASRIA SAFITRI Arfiani Arifin Arfiani Arifin Astriani, Andi Dian Febrianty, Marisca Hakim, Dian Safira B. Jariah , Astri Ainun Musdalifah Musdalifah Mustaina, Mustaina Nur Fajrin Maulana Yusuf Widya Ningsih, Wiwi