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All Journal Jurnal Biologi Tropis
A. A. Ketut Sudharmawan
Program Studi Agroekoteknologi Jurusan Budidaya Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Mataram
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology

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Genetic Variability and Heritability of M4 G16 Red Rice Mutants after 300 Gy Gamma Irradiation Baiq Susthia Sukma Anggraeni; A. A. Ketut Sudharmawan; I Wayan Sudika
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 1 (2025): Januari - Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i1.13088

Abstract

Gamma irradiation can broaden the genetic variability available for rice breeding, but selection in advanced mutant generations requires reliable estimates of trait variation and heritability. This study evaluated genetic variability and broad-sense heritability among M4 lines of G16 red rice (Oryza sativa L.) derived from 300 Gy gamma irradiation. A field experiment was conducted from May to November 2023 in Tatar Hamlet, Nyurlembang Village, Narmada, West Lombok, Indonesia. Ten M4 mutant lines were evaluated with four checks (G16, Inpari 32, IR64, and Ciliwung) using an augmented randomized block design. Twelve agro-morphological and yield traits were recorded from ten systematically sampled plants per entry. Data were subjected to analysis of variance at α = 0.05; significant genotype effects were followed by Tukey’s honestly significant difference test, and genotypic variance, genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), and broad-sense heritability (H²) were estimated. Genotype effects were significant for longest panicle, filled grains per panicle, and empty grains per panicle. G30(2-12) had the highest filled-grain number, whereas G27(17-10) had the longest panicle. GCV was high for empty grains per panicle and 100-grain weight, and moderate for empty-grain weight. H² was high for longest panicle, filled grains per panicle, and empty grains per panicle, while several yield-related traits showed moderate H². These results indicate exploitable genetic variation in selected reproductive traits. G20(8-3) and G26(7-11) are promising for further selection because they combine relatively long panicles, high filled-grain numbers, and low empty-grain numbers. Multi-environment validation is recommended before advancing lines.
Heterogeneity of M5 Red Rice Mutants Irradiated With 200 and 300 Gy Based on Agronomic Traits Using Hierarchical Clustering Analysis A. A. Ketut Sudharmawan
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 3 (2025): Juli-September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.13089

Abstract

Gamma-ray irradiation can broaden phenotypic variation in rice, making assessment of genotype heterogeneity important in advanced generations. This study evaluated the heterogeneity of M5 red rice mutants derived from 200 and 300 Gy irradiation based on agronomic traits using Hierarchical Clustering. The study involved 20 M5 mutant genotypes, comprising 10 genotypes from 200 Gy and 10 from 300 Gy, evaluated in three replications with Gamagora 7 as a check. Eleven agronomic traits were analyzed; maturity was excluded from clustering because all mutant genotypes had maturity of 107 days after transplanting. Genotype means were standardized and analyzed using Euclidean distance and Ward linkage. Cluster number was determined using silhouette, Calinski–Harabasz, Davies–Bouldin, and cophenetic correlation, while PCA was used to clarify variation. Five traits differed significantly: plant height, flowering time, maturity, grains per panicle, and filled grains per panicle. Three clusters provided the most informative structure, with a silhouette score of 0.324 and a cophenetic correlation coefficient of 0.732. The smallest Euclidean distance was 0.981 between G13 (12-2-8) and G63 (5-14-10), whereas the largest was 8.771 between G27 (1-20-19) and G27 (17-10-12). Internal dispersion was higher at 300 Gy than at 200 Gy, although multivariate centroids did not differ significantly between doses.
Co-Authors Amanah Aulia Adeputri Amilia Qurota A'yun Ardi Yoga Pramesthi Baiq Siti Rohmaniati Baiq Susthia Sukma Anggraeni Demy Afiya Restiyah Ema Rahila Azzahra I Wayan Sudika M. Iqbal Atmayadi Saifuddin M. Taufik Fauzi Mulyati Puji Hapsari Hurum Riza Hamkary Salam Siti Raihanun Suwardji Suwardji Taufik Fauzi