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Penerapan Restorative Justice Dalam Perkara Korupsi Sebagai Wujud Peradilan Sederhana, Cepat, dan Biaya Ringan Aksan Akbar; La Ode Awal Sakti; Faisal Herisetiawan Jafar
Jurnal Ius Constituendum Vol. 8 No. 2 (2023): JUNE
Publisher : Magister Hukum Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/jic.v8i2.6822

This study aims to determine the implementation of criminal law enforcement against perpetrators of corruption in Indonesia today and the application of the concept of restorative justice in the settlement of corruption cases in the future. This research is important to do as input to the legislature in the formation of laws in the future. The type of research used is normative legal research. This research has a novelty value, namely examining the application of the concept of restorative justice in the settlement of cases of corruption to make the principle of justice fast, simple and low cost effective. This research has a focus on the study of the application of the concept of restorative justice in the settlement of corruption cases in realizing a simple, fast and low-cost trial. The results of this study are as follows: First, the enforcement of criminal law for perpetrators of corruption in Indonesia is currently absolutely carried out through the judicial process, meaning that every criminal act of corruption, whether the amount of state financial losses is large or small, must go through a judicial process that ends with a criminal decision. Second, the application of the concept of restorative justice in solving corruption cases in this study only focuses on corruption cases where the loss is relatively small, which is carried out by returning state financial losses, giving fines and carrying out social work for perpetrators which involve perpetrators in their implementation. government and law enforcement officials. The application of the concept of restorative justice in the settlement of cases of corruption in addition to maximizing returns on state financial losses resulting from corruption, is also to reduce the use of state finances which are far greater than the state financial losses resulting from criminal acts of corruption. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi penegakan hukum pidana terhadap pelaku tindak pidana korupsi di Indonesia saat ini dan penerapan konsep restorative justice dalam penyelesaian perkara tindak pidana korupsi dimasa yang akan datang. Penelitian ini penting dilakukan sebagai masukan kepada pihak legislatif dalam pembetukan hukum dimasa yang akan datang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Penelitian ini mempunyai nilai kebaruan yakni mengkaji penerapan konsep restoratif Justice dalam penyelesaian perkara tindak pidana korupsi untuk mengefektifkan asas peradilan cepat, sederhana dan biaya ringan. Penelitian ini memiliki fokus kajian tentang penerapan konsep restorative justice dalam penyelesaian perkara tindak pidana korupsi dalam mewujudkan peradilan yang sederhana, cepat dan berbiaya ringan. Adapun hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: Pertama, penegakan hukum pidana bagi pelaku tindak pidana korupsi di Indonesia saat ini mutlak dilakukan melalui proses peradilan artinya setiap tindak pidana korupsi baik yang jumlah kerugian keuangan negara besar maupun kecil harus melewati proses peradilan yang berakhir dengan putusan pemidanaan. Kedua, penerapan konsep restorative justice dalam penyelesaian perkara tindak pidana korupsi dalam penelitian ini hanya memfokuskan perkara tindak pidana korupsi yang nilai kerugiannya terbilang kecil yang dilakukan dengan cara pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara, pemberian denda dan pelaksanaan kerja sosial bagi pelaku yang mana dalam pelaksanaannya melibatkan pelaku, pemerintah dan aparat penegak hukum. Penerapan konsep restorative justice dalam penyelesaian perkara tindak pidana korupsi selain memaksimalkan pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara hasil korupsi, juga untuk mengurangi penggunaan keuangan negara yang jauh lebih besar daripada kerugian keuangan negara yang diakibatkan dari tindak pidana korupsi.

Judicial Review Of Parliamentary Oversight on The Issuance of the Job Creation Emergency Law from the Check and Balances Perspective Firna Dwi Ananda; Muhamad Aksan Akbar; Syamsul Rijal
Sangia Nibandera Law Research Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Sangia Nibandera Law Research, June 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Sembilanbelas November Kolaka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21075720

This study aims to analyze the mechanism of the implementation of the House of Representatives (DPR) oversight function towards the issuance of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law (Perppu) based on the 1945 Constitution and evaluate the application of the principle of checks and balances in the procedure of issuance and approval of Perppu Number 2 of 2022 concerning Job Creation into Law Number 6 of 2023. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a case approach. The results of the study indicate that normatively, the 1945 Constitution has explained a strong mechanism of checks and balances where the DPR acts as a constitutional gateway through its legislative and supervisory functions to test the President's subjectivity regarding the parameters of "compelling urgency" as stipulated in the Constitutional Court Decision Number 138/PUU-VII/2009. However, the fact that the ratification of the Perppu on Job Creation indicates a weakening of the principle of checks and balances and is merely a mere formality. The House of Representatives (DPR) tends to ignore substantive material review and bypass emergency parameters to accommodate executive-heavy policies, as well as ignoring Constitutional Court Decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 concerning the obligation for meaningful public participation. This study recommends the need to codify the standard parameters of constitutional emergencies and strengthen parliamentary institutional independence.

THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE INDONESIAN NATIONAL POLICE IN THE INDONESIAN CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM: BETWEEN AN INSTRUMENT OF THE STATE AND AN INSTRUMENT OF POWER Muh. Rifaldi Saleng; Syamsul Rijal; Muhamad Aksan Akbar
Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21884441

This article examines the independence of the Indonesian National Police in the Indonesian constitutional system by examining the tension between the normative position of the Indonesian National Police as a state apparatus and its structural position directly under the President. This issue is important because Article 30 paragraph (4) of the 1945 Constitution and Law Number 2 of 2002 affirm the Indonesian National Police as a state law enforcement instrument, but in institutional practice, this position is vulnerable to influence by the interests of power. This research uses a normative legal research method with a statutory, conceptual, and case approach. The results of the research indicate that the current institutional construction of the Indonesian National Police contains ambivalence because on the one hand it is in line with the presidential system, but on the other hand it opens up space for political intervention that can affect the functional independence of the Indonesian National Police. This ambivalence is evident in the mechanism for appointing and dismissing the Chief of Police which involves the approval of the DPR and the practice of placing active Indonesian National Police members in civilian positions which was then limited by Constitutional Court Decision Number 114/PUU-XXIII/2025. This article argues that the ideal construction of Polri independence is to maintain Polri under the President with strict limitations on the administrative and general policy domains, redesign the involvement of the DPR from approval to consideration, and emphasize the separation of active Polri members from civilian positions so that Polri remains consistent in functioning as a state instrument, not a tool of power.

LEGAL CERTAINTY AND ELECTORAL SEPARATION AFTER DECISION 135/PUU-XXII/2024: KEPASTIAN HUKUM DAN PEMISAHAN PEMILU SETELAH PUTUSAN 135/PUU-XXII/2024 Satmawati; Syamsul Rijal; Muhamad Aksan Akbar
Constitutional Law Society Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : Pusat Studi Konstitusi dan Perundang-undangan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36448/jcls.v5i1.141

Constitutional Court Decision Number 135/PUU-XXII/2024 has significantly reshaped the discourse on Indonesia’s electoral system by mandating the separation of national and regional elections. While the ruling is presented as a constitutional effort to enhance electoral integrity and administrative effectiveness, it simultaneously raises fundamental concerns regarding legal certainty, particularly in relation to the tenure of members of the Regional People’s Representative Council (DPRD). This study examines the Court’s constitutional reasoning (ratio decidendi) underlying the separation of election schedules and critically assesses its implications for democratic legitimacy and the principle of electoral periodicity. Employing a normative juridical approach that integrates statutory, conceptual, and case-based analysis, this article demonstrates that although the decision may be justified as electoral reform, it risks producing constitutional distortion by blurring the boundary between judicial interpretation and norm creation. Without clear transitional safeguards, the ruling threatens to undermine popular sovereignty and legal certainty in Indonesia’s constitutional framework.

Legal Protection of Health Workers in Emergency Medical Procedures: An Analysis of Legal Certainty in Indonesia and Thailand Rosnida Rosnida; Muhamad Aksan Akbar; Muhammad As Ari. AM; Irabiah Irabiah; Yeni Haerani; Patma Sari
Jurnal Ius Constituendum Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): FEBRUARY
Publisher : Magister Hukum Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/jic.v11i1.12818

This study examines the legal certainty afforded to healthcare workers in performing emergency medical procedures in Indonesia and compares it with the legal protection framework implemented in Thailand. The urgency of this research arises from the increasing criminalization and malpractice claims faced by healthcare workers acting in good faith under high-risk and time-sensitive emergency conditions. Using a normative juridical method that incorporates statutory, conceptual, case, and comparative approaches, this study analyzes Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health in conjunction with Thailand’s Emergency Medical Act and the application of the Good Samaritan principle. The findings reveal that although Indonesian law normatively recognizes legal protection for healthcare workers, its implementation remains weak due to the absence of technical guidelines, inconsistent law enforcement practices, and the limited role of professional medical institutions in the early stages of legal proceedings. In contrast, Thailand provides more effective legal certainty through explicit statutory immunity, integrated institutional support, and a restorative legal approach toward emergency medical practice. The novelty of this study lies in its comparative analysis, demonstrating that Thailand’s qualified immunity model may serve as a normative and institutional reference for strengthening legal protection for healthcare workers in Indonesia, particularly in emergency medical contexts. This study contributes to the development of health law by offering policy-oriented recommendations to enhance legal certainty, professional security, and patient safety.

Ketidakpatuhan Kepala Desa Melaksanakan Putusan Pengadian Tata Usaha Negara Terhadap Pemberhentian Perangkat Desa Muhamad Aksan Akbar
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 6 No. 2 (2023): AUGUST
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v6i2.6889

The purpose of this study was to find out the legal implications for village heads who did not carry out the decisions of the state administrative court in dismissing village officials. This research is very important given the existence of polemics about the appointment and dismissal of village officials and the village head's non-compliance in carrying out the decisions of the state administrative court. This study uses normative legal research methods. The results of this study are that the village head in carrying out appointments and dismissal of village officials must consult and obtain recommendations from the camat. The decision of the state administrative court has executorial power so that all parties are obliged to carry it out either voluntarily or by force. The legal consequences for villages that do not implement the decisions of the state administrative court are subject to moderate administrative sanctions as referred to in Article 80 paragraph (2) jo. Article 72 paragraph (1) Law no. 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration. Whereas in the event that the village head takes an action contrary to the decision of the state administrative court which has legal force, it will still be subject to severe administrative sanctions as referred to in Article 80 paragraph (3) jo. Article 17 Law no. 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui implikasi hukum terhadap kepala desa yang tidak melaksanakan putusan pengadilan tata usaha negara dalam pemberhentian perangkat desa. Penelitian ini sangat penting mengingat adanya polemik tentang pengangkatan dan pemberhentian perangkat desa serta ketidakpatuan kepala desa melaksanakan putusan pengadilan tata usaha negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu kepala desa dalam melakukan pengangkatan dan pemberhentian perangkat desa wajib berkonsultasi dan mendapatkan rekomendasi camat. Putusan pengadilan tata usaha negara mempunyai kekuatan eksekutorial sehingga semua pihak wajib melaksanakannya baik dilakukan secara sukarela maupun dengan upaya paksa. Akibat hukum terhadap kepada desa yang tidak melaksanakan putusan pengadilan tata usaha negara dikenai sanksi administrasi sedang sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 80 ayat (2) jo. Pasal 72 ayat (1) UU No. 30 Tahun 2014 tentang Administrasi Pemerintahan. Sedangkan dalam hal kepala desa melakukan tindakan bertentangan dengan putusan pengadilan tata usaha negara yang berkekuatan hukum tetap dikenai sanksi adminstrasi berat sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 80 ayat (3) jo. Pasal 17 UU No. 30 Tahun 2014 tentang Administrasi Pemerintahan.

Kedudukan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Dalam Pembentukan Undang-Undang di Indonesia Liana Nasir; Syamsul Rijal; Muhamad Aksan Akbar
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025): AUGUST
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v8i2.11333

This study aims to analyze the position of the Constitutional Court's decision in the formation of laws and to examine the legal implications if the laws formed are in conflict with the Constitutional Court's decision. This study is important to conduct considering the polemic of alleged non-compliance of state administrators with the Constitutional Court's decision, especially in the formation of laws. This study is different from several previous studies because it examines the position of the Constitutional Court's decision and the legal implications of laws formed in conflict with the Constitutional Court's decision. Using a normative legal research method. The results obtained from this study are that the Constitutional Court's decision is a source of law in the formation of laws as stipulated in Article 10 paragraph (1) letter d of Law No. 12 of 2011, that one of the materials that must be included in the law is the follow-up to the Constitutional Court's decision. The legal implications of the formation of laws that are in conflict with the Constitutional Court's decision are that it will cause legal uncertainty, can harm human rights, and the law can be submitted for judicial review to the Constitutional Court. The Constitutional Court's decision is the official interpretation of the 1945 Constitution. Therefore, the DPR and the President are obliged to follow up on it in the formation of laws, so that the resulting laws can provide justice, benefits, and legal certainty as well as protection of human rights. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kedudukan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam pembentukan undang-undang serta mengkaji implikasi hukum apabila undang-undang yang dibentuk bertentangan dengan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Penelitian ini penting dilakukan mengingat adanya polemik dugaan ketidakpatuhan penyelenggara negara terhadap putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi khususnya dalam pembentukan undang-undang. Penelitian ini memiliki perbedaan dengan beberapa penelitian sebelumnya karena mengakaji kedudukan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi dan implikasi hukum undang-undang yang dibentuk bertentangan dengan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini yaitu putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi berkedudukan sebagai sumber hukum dalam pembentukan undang-undang sebagaimana ditentukan pada Pasal 10 ayat (1) huruf d UU No. 12 Tahun 2011, bahwa salah satu materi yang wajib dimuat dalam undang-undang adalah tindak lanjut atas putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Implikasi hukum pembentukan undang-undang yang bertentangan dengan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi yakni akan menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum; dapat merugikan hak asasi manusia; dan undang-undang tersebut dapat diajukan judicial review di Mahkamah Konstitusi. Putusan Mahkamah Kontitusi merupakan penafsiran resmi UUD 1945. Oleh karena itu, DPR dan Presiden wajib menindaklanjutinya dalam pembentukan undang-undang, agar undang-undang yang dihasilkan dapat memberikan keadilan, kemanfaatan dan kepastian hukum serta perlindungan terhadap hak asasi manusia.

Pengaruh Partisipasi Publik Terhadap Kualitas Produk Hukum Nasional Nur Afikah Paradina; Muhamad Aksan Akbar; Syamsul Rijal
JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW Vol. 9 No. 1 (2026): MARCH
Publisher : Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/julr.v9i1.13197

This study aims to analyze the causal relationship between the quality of public participation in the legislative process and the quality of national legal products, as well as to examine the juridical implications of regulations enacted without meaningful public involvement. Although Law Number 12 of 2011, as amended by Law Number 13 of 2022, guarantees public participation rights, legislative practices in Indonesia remain largely formalistic, resulting in limited substantive accommodation of public aspirations. This research employs a normative-juridical method, incorporating statutory, conceptual, and case-study approaches, and analyzes primary and secondary legal materials using qualitative and descriptive techniques. The findings suggest that public participation is a significant determinant of legislative quality, influencing social legitimacy, normative responsiveness, and regulatory effectiveness. Conversely, limited participation leads to low compliance, increased social resistance, and a higher frequency of constitutional review. The novelty of this study lies in conceptualizing public participation as a causal variable that determines legal quality through measurable indicators of legitimacy, substantive relevance, and sociological enforceability rather than merely an administrative procedural requirement. Therefore, this study recommends institutionalizing meaningful participation through transparency, structured public consultations, digital participation platforms, and mandatory follow-up mechanisms to ensure democratic, accountable, and sustainable legal products. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan kausal antara kualitas partisipasi publik dalam pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan dan mutu produk hukum nasional, serta mengkaji implikasi yuridis pembentukan regulasi tanpa pelibatan masyarakat secara bermakna. Meskipun Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 jo. Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2022 telah menjamin hak partisipasi publik, praktik legislasi di Indonesia masih menunjukkan kecenderungan formalistik sehingga aspirasi masyarakat belum terakomodasi secara substantif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan studi kasus, melalui analisis bahan hukum primer dan sekunder secara deskriptif-kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi publik merupakan determinan substantif kualitas legislasi yang memengaruhi legitimasi sosial, responsivitas norma, dan efektivitas implementasi hukum. Sebaliknya, minimnya partisipasi berimplikasi pada rendahnya kepatuhan, meningkatnya resistensi sosial, serta tingginya pengujian konstitusional. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada perumusan partisipasi publik sebagai variabel kausal penentu kualitas produk hukum dengan indikator legitimasi, relevansi substansi, dan keberlakuan sosiologis, bukan sekadar kewajiban prosedural administratif. Oleh karena itu, direkomendasikan penguatan mekanisme meaningful participation melalui keterbukaan informasi, uji publik terstruktur, digitalisasi kanal partisipasi, dan kewajiban tindak lanjut atas masukan masyarakat guna mewujudkan produk hukum yang demokratis, akuntabel, dan berkelanjutan.

Public Participation as a Determinant of Democratic Legitimacy and the Quality of National Legislation in the Formation of Regulations Legislation Muhamad Aksan Akbar; La Ode Dedihasriadi; Suarni Sonda
Law Development Journal Vol 8, No 3 (2026): September 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sultan Agung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30659/ldj.8.3.%p

Public participation is a fundamental element in the formation of legislation as a manifestation of popular sovereignty in a democratic state based on the rule of law. Although normatively guaranteed in the constitution and legislation, its implementation still tends to be formalistic, thus not optimally improving democratic legitimacy and the quality of national legislation. The urgency of this research lies in the effort to emphasize the role of public participation as a determinant of legislative quality in the formation of legislation and formulate an effective model of public participation in the legislative process. The novelty of this research lies in the construction of a public participation model based on the legislative cycle that integrates a deliberative approach, information transparency, inclusiveness, and feedback mechanisms as a systemic whole in the formation of legislation. This research applies normative legal research methods using legislative, conceptual, and case approaches. The results show that public participation plays a major role in determining democratic legitimacy and the quality of national legislation in the formation of legislation. Meaningful public participation strengthens democratic legitimacy, improves the quality of normative substance, prevents regulatory disharmony, and strengthens the effectiveness of legal implementation. Effective public participation models for the formation of legislation include the legislative cycle-based participation model, the deliberative-institutional participation model, the information transparency-based participation model, the digital participation model, and the feedback-based participation model. All of these models must be based on the principles of inclusivity, transparency, accountability, and sustainability, and supported by strengthening institutional capacity and increasing public legal literacy.

Child Sexual Violence from the Perspective of Tolaki Customary Law in Kolaka Regency Irabiah Junus; Patma Sari; Muhamad Aksan Akbar; Rosnida; Suswanto; Yeni Haerani; Muhammad As Ari AM
Adagium: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Vol 4 No 2 (2026): Adagium: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum
Publisher : PT. Meja Ilmiah Publikasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70308/2yt5mf42

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji kedudukan kekerasan seksual terhadap anak dalam perspektif hukum adat Tolaki di Kabupaten Kolaka, mengingat literatur hukum adat Tolaki yang tersedia selama ini lebih banyak membahas delik adat kesusilaan dalam konteks perzinahan (umoapi) antarorang dewasa, sementara pengaturan yang secara eksplisit menyasar kekerasan seksual terhadap anak belum banyak dikaji secara tersendiri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus, melalui penelusuran bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kekerasan seksual terhadap anak dalam hukum adat Tolaki tercakup dalam kategori delik adat kesusilaan secara umum dan dapat dikenakan sanksi peohala berupa denda adat, namun penyelesaian adat tersebut tidak dapat menggantikan proses hukum pidana nasional karena kekerasan seksual terhadap anak merupakan delik publik (delicta publica) yang penuntutannya menjadi domain negara. Mekanisme adat dapat berfungsi secara komplementer sebagai sarana pemulihan psikososial korban melalui pendekatan restorative justice, sepanjang berjalan berdampingan dengan proses hukum pidana. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan payung hukum daerah serta protokol kerja sama antara lembaga adat, dinas terkait, kepolisian, dan kejaksaan agar penyelesaian adat tidak disalahgunakan untuk menghindarkan pelaku dari pertanggungjawaban pidana.

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