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Tannin Extraction from Bark of Cinnamomum burmannii and Its Application for use as Natural Dye and as Antioxidant Rizki, Widya Twiny; Wahyuni, Winika Sri; Sari, Ririn Depita; Lestari, Siti Marwah; Rahmadevi, Rahmadevi
IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry) Vol 9, No 1 (2024): February 2024
Publisher : IJFAC (Indonesian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Chemistry)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24845/ijfac.v9.i1.35

Cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmannii) contains tannins which have the potential to act as natural dyes. This research is to synthesize natural dye from cinnamon bark extract (Cinnamomum burmannii). The research was carried out by making cinnamon bark extract by comparing the amount of solvent by maceration using 96% ethanol, calculating the yield, tannin analysis, FTIR analysis, and stability test color. The comparison of the amount of cinnamon bark extraction solvent affected the resulting yield. Testing the tannin compound with 1% gelatin reagent in 10% NaCl showed a white precipitate and 1% FeCl3 reagent produced a greenish-brown color so the extract was positive for tannin, analysis FTIR ratio 1:10 for the presence of O-H, C-H, C=C, C-O groups, ratio 1:15 for the presence of O-H, C-H, C=C, C-O group. The color stability test of cinnamon bark extract is more stable than Rhodamine-B. Based on the extraction results, it was concluded that cinnamon bark extract can be used as an alternative to natural dye in cosmetic products.Keywords: Cinnamon Bark, Extract, FTIR Analysis, Natural dyes, Tannin

Phytochemical Analysis and Determination of MIC and MFC of Cacao Leaves Extract (Theobroma cacao L.) against Malassezia furfur Lestari, Siti Marwah; Camelia, Leonyta; Rizki, Widya Twini; Pratama, Septa; Khutami, Chindiana; Amelia, Amraini; Rahmadevi, Rahmadevi; Andriani, Yuni
Jurnal Jamu Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): Jurnal Jamu Indonesia
Publisher : Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jji.v9i2.316

Pityriasis versicolor is a disease caused by Malassezia furfur. One of the plants that can potentially act as antifungal is cacao leaves (Theobroma cacao L.), which contain several secondary metabolite compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, quinones, terpenoids, and saponins. This study aims to determine the phytochemical analysis and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of cacao leaves ethanolic extract against M. furfur. Extracts were obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol and phytochemicals analysis using Herborne’s method. Furthermore, the extracts were made into concentrations’ variations of 3.125%; 6.25%; 12.5%; 25%; 50%; and 100% for testing antifungal activity, with 10% DMSO as negative control and 2% Ketoconazole and Itraconazole as positive controls. MIC was performed with liquid macrodilution method, and MFC was performed with spread method. The results of phytochemical analysis showed that the extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, quinones, terpenoids and saponins. MIC value was obtained at concentration of 50% and MFC value was obtained at 100%. Cacao leaves ethanolic extract with concentration of 50% can inhibit M. furfur’s growth and with 100% can eliminate M. furfur.

Determination of Sun Protection Factor and Total Phenolic Content of Extract and Fraction of Matoa Leaves (Pometia pinnata) Lestari, Siti Marwah; Aini, Sindhi Hurul; Sabrina, Naya; Soleha, Rahmatus
Jurnal Jamu Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Jamu Indonesia
Publisher : Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jji.v10i2.356

Matoa leaves (Pometia pinnata J.R. & G. Forst) are known to contain phenolic compounds with potential as natural sunscreen agents due to their ultraviolet (UV) absorption capabilities. The presence of conjugated double bonds or aromatic rings in these compounds allows absorption in the 200–400 nm wavelength range, making them suitable candidates for photoprotection. This study aimed to evaluate the sun protection factor (SPF)—a measure of a substance’s ability to protect the skin against UVB radiation—and total phenolic content of the extract and fraction derived from matoa leaves. Extraction was performed using Soxhlet apparatus with 70% ethanol, followed by liquid–liquid partitioning to obtain fractions. Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, while SPF was evaluated using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer in the 290–320 nm range at 5 nm intervals. The total phenolic contents of the ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction were 50.51 ± 0.18 mg GAE/g and 39.27 ± 0.09 mg GAE/g, respectively. The SPF values were 19.60 ± 0.11 for the ethanolic extract and 16.37 ± 0.80 for the ethyl acetate fraction. These findings suggest that the extract and fraction of matoa leaves exhibit SPF values within the ultra-protection category, indicating their potential as natural sunscreen agents.

Lempuyang Rhizome Extract Lempuyang Rhizome Extract Microcapsule Formulation (Zingiber zerumbet) For Enhancer Appetite in Children Rahmadevi, Rahmadevi; Lestari, Siti Marwah; Khasanah, Isti Mufidhatun Nur; Putri, Carrel Windyana
Riset Informasi Kesehatan Vol 12 No 2 (2023): Riset Informasi Kesehatan
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Harapan Ibu Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30644/rik.v12i2.824

Stunting is a public health problem that must be treated seriously. Findings Riskesdas showed that stunting cases were relatively stagnant at around 36.8% (2007) and reached 37.2% (2013). The problem of stunting (short children) has one of the problems of malnutrition become the focus of the Government of Indonesia. Malnutrition is often caused by a child's reduced appetite. This is very important to pay attention to when making supplement products could increase appetite. These supplements must be safe and effective to use. One of the safe products used comes from nature, such as many rhizomes grows in Indonesian soil such as: turmeric, ginger, ginger, ginger and lempuyang. Lempuyang rhizomes (Zingiber zerumbet) contain alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, polyphenols and essential oils. This rhizome has many properties such as: tonic, anti-seizure and appetite enhancer. Supplements made from lempuyang extract are packaged in microcapsule form. Based on this, the researchers aimed to make lempuyang extract microcapsules. The supplement has been in microcapsule form used by a spray drying technique. The obtained microcapsules were evaluated using a Scanning Electron microscope, particle size analyzer which obtained 10 - 500 mm microcapsules and HPLC to determine the percentage of lempuyang extract trapped in the microcapsules (% Entrapment efficiency) of 72%.

Modification of Chitosan using Fe3O4 and Glucose and Its Application for Phenol Removal Rizki, Widya Twiny; Lestari, Siti Marwah; Rahmah, Vindi Annisa; Dauli, Rd Rahmat
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 5 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.103140

In this study, chitosan was modified with Fe3O4 and glucose to enhance its capacity and effectiveness in adsorbing phenol from organic waste. XRD analysis revealed distinct differences between unmodified chitosan and the Fe3O4/glucose-modified version, with the resulting nanocomposite showing a particle size of 17.21 nm. FTIR spectra exhibited new, sharper peaks at 531 and 544 cm−1, indicating interactions between chitosan and Fe3O4 via the nitrogen atom in the NH2 group. VSM characterization showed a saturation magnetization of 63.4 emu/g, confirming that the chitosan/Fe3O4/glucose nanocomposite is superparamagnetic. SEM analysis revealed an uneven, porous surface, while the morphology displayed dark Fe3O4 spots dispersed across a lighter chitosan matrix. The optimal adsorption condition was achieved at a contact time of 60 min, with an adsorption efficiency of 16.46%. In addition to reducing phenol content in wastewater, the modified nanocomposite also exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This multifunctional material offers a promising solution for wastewater treatment, targeting both organic pollutants and pathogenic bacteria to help address water pollution challenges.

SKRINING POTENSI EKSTRAK KULIT JANTUNG PISANG KEPOK (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) SEBAGAI ZAT ANTIBAKTERI Rahmah, Vindi Annisa; Kurniawan, Agung; Rizki, Widya Twiny; Lestari, Siti Marwah; Khutami, Chindiana
Jurnal Crystal : Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Literasi Artikel Penelitian Kimia
Publisher : Program Studi Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/jc.v7i2.6086

Abstract Indonesian Food and Drug Authority or BPOM no longer recommends the use of synthetic preservatives due to their toxic properties and potential carcinogenic risks. One of the natural ingredients that is potential as a natural preservative is the peel of kepok banana blossom (Musa paradisiaca Linn.), which is known to contain secondary metabolites with microbial activity, including steroids, terpenoids, saponins, tanning, alkaloid, flavonoids, and phenols. This study aim to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) in Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The peel extract of kepok banana blossom (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) was obtained by maceration with a mixture of 96% ethanol: 3% Citric Acid (85:15) solvent. Concentration of extract varied from 12.5%; 25%; 50%; until 100%, it is used for antibacterial activity test in which aquadest as a negative control and Chloramphenicol as a positive control. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test was conducted using the liquid macrodilution method and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) test was conducted using the spread method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value was obtained at a concentration of 50% and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) value was obtained at a concentration of 100%. The peel extract of Kepok banana blossom (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) with a concentration of 50% was able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and with a concentration of 100% was able to kill Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Keywords: kepok banana blossom peel extract, natural preservatives, antibacterial acitivity test Abstrak Badan Obat dan Makanan atau BPOM telah menyarankan untuk menghindari penggunaan bahan pengawet sintesis karena cenderung toksi dan karsinogenik. Salah satu bahan alam yang berpotensi sebagai pengawet alami yaitu kulit jantung pisang kepok (Musa paradisiaca Linn.), yang diketahui mengandung metabolit sekunder yang berfungsi sebagai senyawa antimikroba diantaranya steroid, terpenoid, saponin, tanin, alkaloid, flavonoid dan fenol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) dan Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum (KBM) pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Ekstrak kulit jantung pisang (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) diperoleh dengan cara maserasi dengan pelarut yang terdiri dari campuran etanol 96% : Asam Sitrat 3% (85:15). Variasi konsentrasi ekstrak dibuat untuk pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dari 12,5%; 25%; 50%; hingga 100%, aquades sebagai kontrol negatif dan Kloramfenikol sebagai kontrol positif. Uji Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) dilakukan dengan metode makrodilusi cair dan uji Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum (KBM) dilakukan dengan metode sebar (spread). Nilai Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) didapatkan pada konsentrasi 50% dan nilai Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum (KBM) didapatkan pada konsentrasi 100%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, ekstrak kulit jantung pisang (Musa paradisiaca Linn.) dengan konsentrasi 50% diketahui mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan dengan konsentrasi 100% mampu membunuh bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Keywords: ekstrak kulit jantung pisang, pengawet alami, uji aktivitas antibakteri

Phytochemical Analysis and Determination of MIC and MFC of Cacao Leaves Extract (Theobroma cacao L.) against Malassezia furfur Lestari, Siti Marwah; Camelia, Leonyta; Rizki, Widya Twini; Pratama, Septa; Khutami, Chindiana; Amelia, Amraini; Rahmadevi, Rahmadevi; Andriani, Yuni
Jurnal Jamu Indonesia Vol. 9 No. 2 (2024): Jurnal Jamu Indonesia
Publisher : Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jji.v9i2.316

Pityriasis versicolor is a disease caused by Malassezia furfur. One of the plants that can potentially act as antifungal is cacao leaves (Theobroma cacao L.), which contain several secondary metabolite compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, quinones, terpenoids, and saponins. This study aims to determine the phytochemical analysis and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of cacao leaves ethanolic extract against M. furfur. Extracts were obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol and phytochemicals analysis using Herborne’s method. Furthermore, the extracts were made into concentrations’ variations of 3.125%; 6.25%; 12.5%; 25%; 50%; and 100% for testing antifungal activity, with 10% DMSO as negative control and 2% Ketoconazole and Itraconazole as positive controls. MIC was performed with liquid macrodilution method, and MFC was performed with spread method. The results of phytochemical analysis showed that the extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, quinones, terpenoids and saponins. MIC value was obtained at concentration of 50% and MFC value was obtained at 100%. Cacao leaves ethanolic extract with concentration of 50% can inhibit M. furfur’s growth and with 100% can eliminate M. furfur.

Ethanolic extract of Parkia speciosa Hassk leaves innovation of gastroretentive tablet: standardization and optimization Nurfitriyana, Nurfitriyana; Fitriya, Fitriya; Fithri, Najma Annuria; Putri, Dwi Kurnia; Lestari, Siti Marwah; Waluyo, Dyah Ayuwati; Syarif, Hardiyanti
JURNAL ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA Vol 23 No 2 (2025): JIFI
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Pancasila

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35814/jifi.v23i2.1461

Parkia speciosa ethanol leaves extract contains flavonoid, tannin, and terpen as ulcus peptic remedy. These compounds exhibit limited activity in the stomach due to the short gastric residence time following oral administration. The formulation of gastroretentive tablets can overcome this limitation. This research aims to control the prolonged release of drugs in the stomach to increase bioavailability and characterize the ethanol leaves extract. Extraction was carried out by maceration using ethanol, followed by standardization based on specific and non-specific parameters extract. Gastroretentive tablet was formulated with combination of HPMC-K4M and chitosan using factorial design 22. Effects of compositional factors and their interactions on gastroretentive tablet was observed on hardness, friability, floating lag/duration time, swelling index, and mucoadhesive time. Results standardization extract showed that extract met the required criteria for both specific parameters (organoleptic properties and phytochemical screening) and non-specific parameters (moisture content, loss on drying, water/ethanol-soluble extract content). Based on with DX®10 analysis, the optimum formulation was achieved with 20.25% of HPMC-K4M and 10.26% of chitosan. The analysis of the optimum formulation characteristics was as follows: friability (0.22%), hardness (29.53 N), mucoadhesive time (22.86 hours), floating lag/duration time (27.54 minutes; 12 hours), and swelling index (312.82%). Result revealed that gastroretentive tablets formulated with ethanol extract of Parkia speciosa leaves improve gastric residence duration and promote better bioavailability.

Analisis Bahan Kimia Obat Parasetamol pada Jamu Pegal Linu yang dijual di Kecamatan Pasar Jambi, Kota Jambi Siti Marwah Lestari; Widya Twiny Rizki; Rahmadevi; Nindi Sepdina Yanti
PHARMANAJA : PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL OF UNAJA Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023): PHARMANAJA : PHARMACEUTICAL JOURNAL OF UNAJA
Publisher : Program Studi Farmasi UNAJA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Background: Chemical drugs that were often added to pegal linu herbal medicine was paracetamol. Paracetamol added as analgesic. Objective: This study aims to analyze qualitatively the content of Paracetamol in the pegal linu herbal medicine, which is sold in Pasar Jambi District, Jambi City. Method: This study was conducted qualitatively, samples were taken by purposive sampling, and 8 samples (SA, SB, SC, SD, SE, SF, SG, and SH) were selected from pegal linu medicine that met the inclusive criteria. Samples were tested organoleptically, microscopically, spot test, and TLC. Results: In the organoleptic test, all herbs were in powder form, SA had a brownish-yellow color with an aromatic odor, SB had a light brown color with an aromatic odor, SC had a greenish-brown color with an aromatic odor, SD had a light brown color with an aromatic odor, SE had a yellowish-brown color with an aromatic odor, SF has a yellowish-brown color with an aromatic odor, SG has a light brown color with an aromatic odor, SH has a greenish-brown color with an aromatic odor. In the spot test, no herbs were found that had the same color reaction as paracetamol. In the TLC test, there were several herbs that had the same Rf value as standard paracetamol. In the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd tests, the Rf value of paracetamol respectively were 0.36; 0.33; and 0.40. Meanwhile, in the sample, it was found that the Rf value was the same as that of paracetamol. In the first test, the samples coded SD and SG, in the second test there were none, in the third test, the herbal medicine samples coded SC and SD. Conclusion: Pegal linu herbal medicine didn’t contain paracetamol.

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