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Pharmacophore Modeling, Molecular Docking, and ADMET Approach for Identification of Anti-Cancer Agents Targeting the C-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) Protein Nur Ayu Ramadanti; Linda Erlina; Rafika Indah Paramita; Aryo Tedjo; Fadillah Fadillah; Surya Dwira
EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA Vol. 24 No. 01 (2023): Eksakta : Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA (E-ISSN : 2549-7464)
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/eksakta/vol24-iss01/391

Abstract

One of the most prevalent cancers in Indonesia is breast cancer, based on Indonesia's pathological-based registration.    Breast cancer is a complex, heterogeneous disease classified into hormone-receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 overexpressing (HER2+) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) based on histological features. Patients with HR+, HER2- Early Breast Cancer (EBC) do not experience recurrence or recurrence for a long time with currently available standard therapy [11]. However, up to 30% of patients with high-risk clinical and/or pathological features may experience a relapse in the first few years. This results in the need for research and development regarding updates in medicine both in terms of treatment and targets and drug compounds used. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) protein functions in signaling and influences the apoptotic pathway as well as cancer cell survival. In this study, an insilico screening experiment of inhibitory compounds was carried out on the JNK protein receptor target by screening compounds and molecular docking of compounds for breast cancer therapy.Two novel herbal compounds, Mangostin and ent-Copalyl Dyphospate, have the potential to be turned into medicines that may cause apoptosis through JNK protein targets according to an in-silico-based molecular simulation technique
Ligand Based Pharmacophore Modelling, Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking, and ADMETOX of Natural Compounds as Antibiotic Candidates against Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) Windy Dwininda; Linda Erlina; Rafika Indah Paramita; Fadillah Fadillah; Surya Dwira; Jaka Fajar Fatriansyah
EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA Vol. 24 No. 02 (2023): Eksakta : Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA (E-ISSN : 2549-7464)
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/eksakta/vol24-iss02/404

Abstract

The use of antibiotic drugs requires close supervision that patients take antibiotics according to the rules. Irregular antibiotic use led to increased ADR cases (Antibiotic Drug-resistant). ADR is when an individual becomes resistant to an antibiotic drug that cannot kill bacteria. The high number of ADR cases prompted drug discovery to be implemented in analysis for Antibiotic candidates with good effectiveness through the Molecular Docking approach. The search for candidate test compounds as antibiotics were performed using the pharmacophore modelling method and molecular docking. And piperine, withaferin, has some of the same amino acids Ala101, Val103, Glu166, Trp165, and Leu102. Based on the prediction of the promising potential test ligand compound is Corosolic acid. In addition to assessing drug-likeness, pharmacokinetic and toxicity parameters, corosolic acid also has the lowest binding energy among other compounds. Through a textual bioinformatics approach, molecular docking simulations can be used as a first step in the search for new drug candidates in silico by considering various aspects, starting from the physicochemical properties of protein-ligand compounds and the environment. Analysis during the docking process to ADMETOX is an analysis to see the effectiveness and in silico compound safety.  
Phytochemical Assay and in – Vitro Cytotoxicity Assessment of Cassava Peel (Manihot esculenta) from Ethanol and Ethyl Acetate Extract Against Cervical Cancer Cells (HeLa) Soejono, Alice Hari; Dwira, Surya; Sari, Puji
Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics Vol. 2, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Introduction: Cervical cancer is a type of cancer that develops in a woman’s cervix. It is a result of HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) and is one of the deadliest types of cancer. Some cervical cancer management including chemotherapy, which until recently continues to develop to cure the condition, is relatively expensive and comes with multiple different side effects. Method: Manihot esculenta undergoes multilevel maceration with the solvent of ethanol and ethyl acetate. This leads to the formation of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate extract of Manihot esculenta that is analyzed through phytochemical assay and thin layer chromatography (TLC) to determine the phytochemical components present. This is then followed by cytotoxicity assessment against Hela cervical cancer cells using MTT test. Result: Manihot esculenta peel contains secondary metabolites including tannin, flavonoid, alkaloid, and triterpenoid. Cytotoxicity activity evaluation for ethanol shows moderate cytotoxicity with IC50 value of 228.26 μg/mL. While ethyl acetate shows active cytotoxicity activity with IC50 value of 56.47 μg/mL. The data distribution of IC50 value of all extracts is normal (p>0.05). There was a statistically insignificant difference in IC50 value between extracts based on one-way ANOVA. Conclusion: Manihot esculenta peel contains phytochemical components that are cytotoxic towards HeLa cervical cancer cells.
Prothrombin Time (PT), Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT), Fibrinogen, and D-dimer in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outcome Atmaja, Fredy Wirya; Adiyanti, Sri Suryo; Kristanty, Diyah; Dwira, Surya; Kusmardi, Kusmardi
Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics Vol. 3, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to be associated with coagulopathy and DIC. This study aimed to investigate the profiles and differences of PT, APTT, fibrinogen, and D-dimer in COVID- 19 outcome. This retrospective cohort was conducted at Central Laboratory Clinical Pathology Department of dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from July – December 2020. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were extracted from EHR and compared between poor and good outcome. Ninety-seven subjects were confirmed positive COVID-19, 45 of whom (46.4%) were in poor outcome group, while 52 subjects (53.6%) were in good outcome group. Median of PT 11.0” (9.7-28.3), APTT 38.4” (23.9-121), fibrinogen 484.8 mg/dL (51.2-940.9), and D-dimer 1,800 µg/L (190-35,200). Longer PT, APTT, and higher D-dimer (p < 0.05), while lower fibrinogen (p > 0.05) was found in poor outcome group. There were significant differences of PT, APTT and D-dimer in COVID-19 outcome.
Phytochemical Profile and Cervical Anticancer Activity of an In Vitro n-Hexane Extract of Kunto Dewo Fruit (Kigelia pinnata) Peel and Flesh Isbandiputri, Swarnasari Nurandita; Dwira, Surya; kristanty, diyah
Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics Vol. 2, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Cervical cancer is the fourth highest cancer occurring and causes death in women. Therefore, adequate management is needed to prevent its development. Currently, the treatment has a variety of adverse side effects, so it needs alternative treatments that are supportive and with minimal side effects. One way is to use herbal plants, such as the Kunto Dewo (Kigelia pinnata) plant which is often used as traditional medicine. This plant has antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. Knowing the phytochemical profile and in-vitro anticancer activity of the n-hexane extract of peel and flesh of Kunto Dewo (Kigelia pinnata) fruit against cervical cancer HeLa cells. The peel and flesh of Kigelia pinnata fruit are macerated in n-hexane solvent then the resulting filtrate is evaporated to become an extract. The extract is used for phytochemical profile, carry out through phytochemical screening, thin layer chromatography, calculation of total phenol, and total flavonoids. The extract was also tested for cytotoxic activity against cervical cancer HeLa cells using MTT assay. The n-hexane extract of the peel and flesh of the kigelia pinnta fruit contains triterpenoids. In TLC analysis, there were found 4 components in the n-hexane extract of Kigelia pinnata fruit peel and 8 components in the n-hexane extract of Kigelia pinnata fruit flesh. The cytotoxic activity of the n-hexane extract of the peel and flesh of Kigelia pinnata fruit is included in the moderately active category. The n-hexane extract of the peel and flesh of the kigelia pinnata fruit has potential as an anti-cervical cancer.
Structure-Based Virtual Screening and Molecular Docking on the Indonesian Herbal Compound as a Promising Insulin Receptor (INSR) Inhibitor to Suppress Tumor Growth Candraningrum, Veronica Hesti; Erlina, Linda; Paramita, Rafika Indah; Fadillah, Fadillah; Dwira, Surya; Fatriansyah, Jaka Fajar
EKSAKTA: Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA Vol. 24 No. 04 (2023): Eksakta : Berkala Ilmiah Bidang MIPA (E-ISSN : 2549-7464)
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Negeri Padang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24036/eksakta/vol23-iss04/452

Abstract

A healthy cell maintains a homeostasis condition of glucose level, whereas cancer cells do not. Increased glucose uptake is a hallmark of cancer cells that helps them survive, proliferate, and spread. INSR is one of key feature that take part in glucose metabolism through insulin signaling. To block the entry of glucose into cells, researchers were aiming to disrupt the insulin signaling pathway as the upstream activation in glucose metabolism by inhibiting insulin receptor (INSR) using Indonesian herbal compounds. The approach during the screening was structure-based drug discovery (SBDD) method where INSR was determined as the macromolecules. Some parameters such as binding affinity, constant inhibition, drug-likeness, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity were applied to help the search of potential inhibitor. According to the test results, Heterophylin, Sanggenofuran A, and Epigallocatechin-3-O-caffeate had the strongest molecular binding activity against the INSR protein. Heterophylin is discovered in jackfruit fruit trees and Sanggenofuran A is present in mulberry trees. While Epigallocatechin-3-O-caffeate, is abundantly found in green tea plant
In Silico Analysis of CD40 Mutations and Their Implications for Quinoline-benzoic acid derivatives Based Therapy in Graves' Disease Yunaini, Luluk; Kristanty, Diyah; Sari, Puji; Dwira, Surya; Suryandari, Dwi Anita; Bustami, Arleni
Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics Vol. 3, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder in which the CD40-CD154 interaction plays a critical role in T-cell activation. In this study, in silico methods were employed to analyze the binding interactions of quinoline-benzoic acid derivatives (NSB, FSB, and NQB) with the CD40 receptor and to investigate the implications of specific CD40 mutations for drug efficacy. In this reseach conducted by molecular simulation approach with molecular docking Results Mutation analysis of CD40 identified alterations in key residues, such as R203C, which may impact ligand-independent activation and downstream TRAF binding, crucial for signal transduction. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of quinoline-benzoic acid derivatives for targeting CD40 in Graves' disease, particularly in the context of receptor mutations. The integration of molecular docking, mutation analysis, and pharmacokinetic profiling provides a comprehensive framework for designing effective CD40-targeted therapies.
Targeting Detoxifying Enzymes in the Lymphatic Filariasis Vector: An In Silico Study on Curcumin, Camphor, and Menthol Subahar, Rizal; Winita, Rawina; Dwira, Surya; El Bayani, Gulshan Fahmi
Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics Vol. 4, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Vector control remains a critical component in the prevention of lymphatic filariasis, a disease transmitted by insect vectors. Natural compounds such as curcumin, camphor, and menthol are being explored for their bio-insecticidal properties due to their potential to inhibit key detoxification and neurological enzymes in insects, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and cytochrome P450 oxidases (CYP450). A molecular docking study using SwissDock was conducted to evaluate the interaction of curcumin, camphor, and menthol with AChE, GST, and CYP450 enzymes. Binding affinity (ΔG), hydrogen bonding, and active site interactions were analyzed to assess the inhibitory potential of each compound. Curcumin showed the highest binding affinity across all target enzymes. AChE (-8.2 kcal/mol), GST (-7.9 kcal/mol), and CYP450 (-7.5 kcal/mol). It formed strong hydrogen bonds with key catalytic residues, suggesting effective inhibition of neurotoxicity and detoxification pathways. Camphor displayed moderate binding affinities with AChE (-7.1 kcal/mol), GST (-6.5 kcal/mol), and CYP450 (-7.2 kcal/mol), primarily through hydrophobic interactions. Menthol exhibited the weakest binding, with limited hydrogen bonding and lower affinities (AChE: -6.4 kcal/mol, GST:-5.9 kcal/mol, CYP450: -6.3 kcal/mol). The findings suggest that curcumin is a promising candidate for insect vector control through inhibition of critical enzyme systems involved in neurotransmission and detoxification. Camphor may offer moderate bioactivity, while menthol appears less potent. These insights support further exploration of phenolic compounds as environmentally friendly, natural insecticidal agents against vectors of lymphatic filariasis.
Therapeutic Options for COVID-19: Drug Repurposing of Serine Protease Inhibitor Against TMPRSS2 Abiyyi, Mohammad Wildan; Dwira, Surya; Bustami, Arleni; Erlina, Linda
Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics Vol. 1, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The SARS-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak is a serious global public health threat. Researchers around the world are conducting mass research to control this epidemic, starting from the discovery of vaccines, to new drugs that have specific activities as antivirals. Drug repurposing is a potential method of using drugs with known activity for reuse as COVID-19 therapy. This method has the advantage that it can reduce costs and also the duration in the development of potential drugs. The initial step in drug repurposing can be done computationally to determine the effectiveness and specificity of the drug on the target protein. Molecular docking analysis can see the specific interactions of potential compounds with target proteins by analyzing the energy of the bonds formed. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is a major target in the design and discovery of new drugs for the treatment of Covid-19 disease. In addition, transmembrane protein serine protease (TMPRSS2) from host cells has been shown to have an important role in the proteolytic cleavage of viral spike protein to the ACE2 receptor present in human cells. Based on screening studies, it is known that there are several drugs that have been established that have the potential to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 transfection mechanism into host cells. 10 potential drug candidates used in this study namely Arbecacin, Bromhexine hydrochloride, Hydroxychloroquine, Camostat mesylate, Darunavir, Dequalinium, Fleroxacin, Lopinavir, Remdesivir, and Octopamine were used in molecular docking. Docking analysis revealed that there were three potential compounds, namely Bromhexine hydrochloride, Camostat mesylate and Octopamine with low binding affinity and inhibition constants. Based on the docking result, Camostat mesylate as the best candidate has a high specific binding affinity for the Ser441 and Asp435 residues present in the TMPRSS2 catalytic triad. Thus, these results reveal the mechanism of inhibition of TMPRSS2 by the known inhibitor Camostat mesylate in detail at the molecular level. Where, Camostat mesylate has a strong bond. This structural information could also be useful for designing and discovering new inhibitors of TMPRSS2, which may be useful for preventing the entry of SARS-CoV 2 into human cells.
In Silico Study: Metabolite Compounds of Zingiber Officinale Var. Rubrum as Potential E2F2 Inhibitor Agents in Breast Cancer Signaling Pathway Purwamita Budiutami, Khoirunnisa; Tedjo, Aryo; Fadilah, Fadilah; Dwira, Surya; Fajrin, Ajeng M.
Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies
Publisher : Green Publisher Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59188/eduvest.v6i1.52614

Abstract

Breast cancer ranks among the leading causes of death in women, linked to disruptions in signaling pathways regulating cell proliferation and survival, particularly E2F2 gene activity. E2F2 regulation falters when pRB is phosphorylated by Cyclin D–CDK4/6 or Cyclin E–CDK2 complexes, freeing E2F2 to activate cell cycle genes. This study, "In Silico Study: Metabolite Compounds of Zingiber officinale var. rubrum as Potential E2F2 Inhibitor Agents in Breast Cancer Signaling Pathway," assesses red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) metabolites as CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors via molecular docking in silico. Target protein structures came from the Protein Data Bank; metabolites were chosen for reported anticancer effects and 3D-modeled. Docking used Molegro Virtual Docker to gauge ligand affinity and interactions at active sites. Results highlighted [12]-shogaol, (E,E)-α-farnesene, and 1-dehydro-[6]-gingerdione as CDK4 inhibitors; azafrin, [8]-shogaol, and [12]-shogaol for CDK6. These exhibit strong binding via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions at key residues. Red ginger metabolites show promise as CDK4/CDK6 inhibitors for breast cancer therapy, pending in vitro/in vivo validation.