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THE CHEMICAL TOPOLOGICAL GRAPH ASSOCIATED WITH THE NILPOTENT GRAPH OF A MODULO RING OF PRIME POWER ORDER Malik, Deny Putra; Husni, Muhammad Naoval; Miftahurrahman, Miftahurrahman; Wardhana, I Gede Adhitya Wisnu; Semil @ Ismail, Ghazali
Journal of Fundamental Mathematics and Applications (JFMA) Vol 7, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jfma.v0i0.20269

Abstract

Chemical topological graph theory constitutes a subdomain within mathematical chemistry that leverages graph theory to model chemical molecules.  In this context, a chemical graph serves as a graphical representation of molecular structures. Specifically, a chemical molecule is portrayed as a graph wherein atoms are denoted as vertices, and the interatomic bonds are represented as edges within the graph. Various molecular properties are intricately linked to the topological indices of these molecular graphs. Notably, commonly employed indices encompass the Wiener Index, the Gutman Index, and the Zagreb Index.  This study is directed towards elucidating the numerical invariance and topological indices inherent to a nilpotent graph originating from a modulo integer ring with prime order. Consequently, the investigation seeks to discern how the Wiener Index, the Zagreb Index, and other characteristics of the nilpotent graph manifest within a ring of integers modulo prime order powers.
Graf Nilpoten Dari Gelanggang Bilangan Bulat Modulo Berorde Pangkat Prima Malik, Deny Putra; Wardhana, I Gede Adhitya Wisnu; Dewi, Putu Kartika; Widiastuti, Ratna Sari; Maulana, Fariz; Syarifudin, Abdul Gazir; Awanis, Zata Yumni
JMPM: Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika Vol 8 No 1 (2023): March - August 2023
Publisher : Prodi Pendidikan Matematika Universitas Pesantren Tinggi Darul Ulum Jombang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26594/jmpm.v8i1.2920

Abstract

Nilpotent graph of ring integer modulo is one of the graph representations in algebraic structures. This study aims to find out the shape and properties of a nilpotent graph of ring prime numbers modulo which is then generalized to a ring of integers modulo with arbitrary prime power. The method used in this research is a literature study. In the ring of integer modulo, we get the shape of a nilpotent graph as a star graph. Then, the characteristic of a nilpotent graph on a ring integer modulo with arbitrary prime power is that it contains a complete subgraph and contains a number of as a star subgraph.
Numerical Invariants Of Nilpotent Graphs In Integer Modulo Rings Malik, Deny Putra; Karang, Gusti Yogananda; Aini, Qurratul; Maulana, Fariz; Satriyantara, Rio
Contemporary Mathematics and Applications (ConMathA) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/conmatha.v7i2.69650

Abstract

Graph theory offers a robust framework for examining algebraic structures, especially rings and their elements. This paper focuses on the nilpotent graph of rings of the form Zpk​, where p is a prime and k∈N, investigating both their structural and numerical properties. We begin by characterizing the nilpotent elements in these rings and examining their relationship to ring ideals. The study then presents theoretical results on key graph invariants, including connectivity, chromatic number, clique number, and specific subgraph configurations. To complement these, we also analyze numerical invariants such as edge count and degree distribution, which reveal deeper connections between ring-theoretic and graph-theoretic properties. Our results highlight consistent structural patterns in nilpotent graphs of Zpk ​and provide a concrete contribution to algebraic graph theory by bridging properties of commutative rings and their associated graphs.