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All Journal Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE
Pawiro, Muhammad Ali
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Humanities Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences

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Journal : JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE

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CATALYSTS FOR SELF-RELIANCE IN WHERE THE CRAWDADS SING BY DELIA OWENS Desyara, R.A Trivani; Manugeren, M.; Pawiro, Muhammad Ali; Siwi, Purwanto
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 6, No 2: November 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v6i2.9609

Abstract

This research aims to provide an in-depth analysis of self-reliance and its major causes, focusing on the concept proposed by Emerson and other related theories and concepts. The study employs a sociology of literature approach, which is well-suited to examine the social environment of the characters within the literary work. Additionally, the behaviorism perspective is utilized to analyze the behavioral phenomena that arise in relation to self-reliance. According to Savatagi, the causes of self-reliance include social, economic, political, and human agency factors, which set the boundaries for this analysis. Delia Owens' novel Where the Crawdads Sing serves as the primary source for this qualitative descriptive study, with additional books and related publications as secondary sources. The findings indicate that Kya's self-reliance is primarily driven by unsupportive social conditions, which prevent her from becoming dependent on others. Instead, these conditions foster a perception of self-reliance that helps Kya develop into a strong, independent individual who does not rely on external help.
EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACTS IN DANIELLE STEEL'S A PERFECT LIFE Al Mirrah, Mailisa; Pawiro, Muhammad Ali; Ezir, Ely
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 6, No 2: November 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v6i2.9945

Abstract

This study explores the use of expressive speech acts in Danielle Steel’s novel A Perfect Life, aiming to uncover how these acts contribute to character development and narrative progression. The primary objective is to analyze the prevalence and functions of expressive speech acts—such as expressions of pleasure, pain, joy, sorrow, like, dislike, and apology—within the text. The theoretical framework is grounded in speech act theory, particularly focusing on expressive speech acts as defined by J. L. Austin and further developed by John Searle. This research employs a qualitative approach to dissect and categorize the expressive language used by the novel’s main characters. The analysis reveals a notable dominance of dislike and apology among the expressive speech acts, with a lesser focus on pain, joy, and pleasure. Dislike emerges as the most frequently utilized act, reflecting significant emotional and narrative weight in the characters' interactions. The study's findings suggest that expressive speech acts are crucial in conveying emotional depth and relational dynamics within the novel. The implications of this research highlight the role of expressive speech acts in enhancing narrative engagement and character development. Understanding these dynamics offers valuable insights for literary analysis and can inform future studies on character expression in fiction. The study anticipates that further research could explore the comparative application of expressive speech acts across different genres and authors, expanding the understanding of emotional expression in literature.
INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT IN ANDREA HIRATA’S AYAH Desiyanti, Dwi; Pawiro, Muhammad Ali; Ezir, Ely
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 6, No 1: May 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v6i1.9071

Abstract

This research investigates the intellectual development of Sabari, the protagonist in Andrea Hirata's novel, Ayah, applying the theoretical framework proposed by Zubaedi (2013). Zubaedi outlines that character formation, as per the Ministry of National Education's grand design (2010), is a complex interplay of psychological and socio-cultural factors, encompassing cognitive, affective, conative, and psychomotor potentials. Within this framework, intellectual development is characterized by core traits such as intelligence, creativity, fondness for reading, and curiosity. Drawing upon theories of cognitive development and literature on intelligence, creativity, reading habits, and curiosity, the study aims to deepen understanding of Sabari's growth. Employing qualitative analysis, Sabari's actions and interactions within the narrative are examined to identify themes related to intelligence, creativity, fondness for reading, and curiosity. The analysis reveals Sabari's multifaceted intelligence, demonstrated through adept problem-solving, linguistic proficiency, emotional intelligence, and social awareness. Sabari's creativity is showcased in his resourceful problem-solving and innovative communication methods, such as using a turtle as a messenger. Additionally, Sabari's fondness for reading and curiosity drive his intellectual exploration and engagement with the world. Through thematic exploration, the research sheds light on the interconnectedness of intelligence, creativity, reading habits, and curiosity in shaping human cognition and behavior, with implications for education, psychology, and literature studies.
BIPOLAR DISORDER EPISODES IN THE PROTAGONIST OF JENNIFER NIVEN’S ALL THE BRIGHT PLACES Ikbal, Muhammar; Pawiro, Muhammad Ali
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 6, No 2: November 2024
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v6i2.10098

Abstract

This study investigates the depiction of bipolar disorder in Jennifer Niven’s All the Bright Places, focusing on its impact on the protagonist, Theodore Finch. Using a psychological framework, the research draws on Lesmana’s theory of bipolar disorder to analyze the manic and depressive episodes Finch experiences throughout the novel. The narrative vividly portrays Finch’s drastic mood swings, alternating between periods of elevated euphoria and profound depression. This analysis examines how these emotional extremes shape Finch's interactions with others, influence his relationships, and contribute to his suicidal thoughts. Through a deep dive into Finch’s character, the study emphasizes the challenges of living with bipolar disorder, illustrating how the disorder affects both personal identity and social dynamics. The findings reveal that Finch's experiences align with the characteristic patterns of manic and depressive episodes, as outlined in Lesmana’s theory. Ultimately, the research highlights the importance of addressing mental health issues in literature, enriching the conversation on psychological themes and fostering greater empathy for those affected by such conditions.
INHERITED SHAME AND IDENTITY FRAGMENTATION IN KENZABURŌ ŌE’S THE SILENT CRY: A FREUDIAN PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH Zainasti, Zaimilatun Nuri; Pawiro, Muhammad Ali; Ezir, Ely
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 7, No 2: November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v7i2.11779

Abstract

This article examines the psychological disintegration of Takashi, the central character in Kenzaburō Ōe’s The Silent Cry, through the lens of Freudian psychoanalysis. Drawing on Sigmund Freud’s structural theory of the psyche—particularly the dynamics of the id, ego, and superego—this study explores how identity crisis, generational trauma, and defense mechanisms shape Takashi’s internal conflict and destructive behavior. The analysis reveals that Takashi’s revolutionary actions are not driven by coherent political ideology, but by inherited shame, repressed grief, and the failure of ego mediation. His descent into violence and mania is interpreted as a symbolic enactment of psychological collapse, wherein inherited guilt and unresolved trauma override rationality and self-regulation. The superego, as portrayed in the novel, functions not only as a moral compass but as a punitive legacy passed through family and cultural memory. This study also highlights the interplay of defense mechanisms—such as projection, rationalization, denial, and sublimation—that ultimately fail to contain his psychic distress. By interpreting The Silent Cry as a narrative of personal and national trauma, this paper demonstrates how literature can serve as a site for exploring deep psychological wounds, especially those stemming from unspoken histories and familial burden.
PSYCHOLOGICAL CONFLICTS BETWEEN KEY CHARACTERS IN GILLIAN FLYNN’S GONE GIRL Amalia, Suci; Barus, Efendi; Pawiro, Muhammad Ali
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 7, No 2: November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v7i2.12258

Abstract

Gone Girl, a novel by Gillian Flynn, explores the intense psychological and emotional conflict between a married couple, Amy and Nick Dunne. Amy desires love and loyalty but is devastated by Nick’s betrayal. Meanwhile, Nick, who is obsessed with emulating his father, fails to express love to Amy and instead engages in an affair, leading to suspicion when Amy suddenly disappears. Amy’s uncontrollable ego drives her to fake her own death and frame Nick for murder as a form of social punishment. The story unfolds through public suspicion, legal investigation, and emotional turmoil. This study applies Cascio’s theory of conflict to examine the types and dynamics of internal and external conflicts experienced by the main characters. The study also aims to identify the negative impacts resulting from these conflicts. Using a qualitative descriptive method, the research analyzes how internal conflict (man versus self) and external conflict (man versus man, society, and fate) shape the narrative. Amy’s psychological need for validation and her manipulative actions lead her to deep guilt and emotional suffering. Nick, on the other hand, experiences social rejection, emotional stress, and job loss after being falsely accused. These conflicts result in significant behavioral changes and deteriorating mental, physical, and social well-being. The novel reveals how unresolved personal and relational conflicts can escalate into destructive outcomes.
Unveiling Interpersonal Depth: Social Penetration and Friendship Types in Nat Gould’s Fast as the Wind Faulandi, Yussuf; Pawiro, Muhammad Ali; Ali, Nurbaiti; Efrizah, Doni
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 8, No 1: May 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v8i1.13289

Abstract

Interpersonal relationships and friendship are central themes in literary works, yet they are rarely examined through communication theories such as Social Penetration Theory. This study addresses the limited application of communication theories in literary analysis by examining interpersonal relationships in Fast as the Wind by Nat Gould. It highlights the contribution of integrating communication theory into literary studies, particularly in understanding character interaction and relational development. A qualitative descriptive method is employed using content analysis of dialogues and narrative elements that reflect communication patterns and self-disclosure. The analysis reveals that social penetration occurs through four stages: orientation, exploratory affective exchange, affective exchange, and stable exchange, indicating a progression from superficial interaction to deeper emotional intimacy. Three types of friendship are identified: reciprocal, receptive, and associative, with reciprocal friendship as the most dominant. The results further show that trust, self-disclosure, and social context play significant roles in shaping interpersonal depth and relational dynamics among characters. The horse racing setting not only creates competition but also fosters cooperation and strong interpersonal bonds. These findings reinforce the relevance of communication theories in literary analysis and expand their applicability in interpreting interpersonal dynamics in fictional narratives.
Form of Intimidation and Female Resistance in Eka Kurniawan’s Beauty is a Wound Pangestu, Jurdi Yuda; Pawiro, Muhammad Ali
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 8, No 1: May 2026
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v8i1.13212

Abstract

This study examines the theme of intimidation and female resistance in the novel Beauty Is a Wound by Eka Kurniawan. It aims to identify the types of intimidation depicted in the novel and to analyze how the characters resist such intimidation. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method. The primary data source is the novel, published by Text Publishing Company in Melbourne in 2002, while data collection is conducted through note-taking techniques. The analysis is based on the classification of intimidation proposed by Coloroso and the theory of resistance by James C. Scott, supported by feminist theory as the main analytical framework. The findings reveal that the novel portrays several forms of intimidation, particularly verbal and physical intimidation. In response, the characters demonstrate open resistance, in which victims directly oppose discriminatory and oppressive treatment. The study shows that women are often portrayed as more vulnerable to intimidation due to persistent stereotypes of weakness. However, the novel also challenges this assumption by illustrating that women are capable of resisting intimidation and confronting injustice.
Co-Authors Al Mirrah, Mailisa Ali, Nurbaiti Desiyanti, Dwi Desyara, R.A Trivani Efendi Barus, Efendi Efrizah, Doni Ezir, Ely Faulandi, Yussuf Hasibuan, Adriana Ikbal, Muhammar M. Manugeren, M. Pangestu, Jurdi Yuda Siwi, Purwanto Suci Amalia Zainasti, Zaimilatun Nuri