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A Prototype N95 Sterilizer: An Alternative Solution during Personal Protective Equipment Crisis Azhar, Muh. Aprizal; Natzir, Rosdiana; Sjahril, Rizalinda; Palantei, Elyas; Katu, Sudirman; Hidayah, Najdah; Massi, Muhammad Nasrum
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 10 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v10i3.37427

Abstract

The high demand for N95 masks, especially during the COVID (Coronavirus disease)-19 pandemic, has caused shortages worldwide. This study aimed to examine the sterilization ability of the portable sterilizer prototype for N95 masks and its effect on the filtration ability and changes in air resistance on the N95 mask in order to thrift personal protective equipment (PPE) use during a shortage. The sample used was an N95 mask type 1860. The mask was contaminated with 0.6-0.8 MFU Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The sterilization methods used were Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI), Heat at 75°C, and a combination of both from 1 to 120 minutes. Next, the masks were cultured in a nutrient agar medium. For aerosol penetration and air resistance tests, masks were tested before and after the sterilization process, lasting from 5 to 60 minutes. This prototype sterilizer with Heat effectively killed E. coli and S. aureus starting from 3 minutes. The filtration ability of the N95 mask was maintained at >95% even after the sterilization process with 75°C heat, UVC, or a combination of both for up to 60 minutes. There was also no significant difference in air resistance between new masks and masks that had been sterilized using a portable sterilizer. This prototype sterilizer with Heat at 75°C can effectively sterilize against both gram-positive and negative bacteria in the N95 mask without reducing the aerosol filtration ability and changing the air resistance of the N95 mask.
Cord blood iron status and vitamin D concentration in newborns of anemic and non-anemic mothers in Makassar, Indonesia Ridha, Nadirah Rasyid; Massi, Muhammad Nasrum; Fikri, Bahrul; Putri, Sri Hardiyanti; Hidayah, Najdah; Arsyad, Andi Fatimah
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 64 No. 6 (2024): November 2024
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi64.6.2024.483-9

Abstract

Background Iron deficiency (ID) is a common micronutrient problem, especially in pregnant women in developing countries such as Indonesia. Moreover, vitamin D deficiency is also a major concern in worldwide public health. A correlation between anemia, ID, and vitamin D deficiency in children has been identified, but investigations in pregnant women and their newborn babies are still limited. Objective To assess association between iron status and vitamin D levels in umbilical cord blood and maternal anemia. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 109 pregnant women and their newborns. They were divided into two groups, with and without maternal anemia. Collected cord blood (2 mL) was placed in tubes with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Plasma ferritin and vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Maternal anemia was found in 60 mothers (55% subjects). The mean cord blood hemoglobin levels for the anemic and non-anemic groups were 15.19 (SD 2.25) g/dL and 15.12 (SD 1.98) g/dL, respectively (P=0.87). Median cord blood ferritin levels were slightly lower in anemic [12.95 (range 0.42-17.69) µg/L] than in non-anemic mothers[13.45 (range 7.10-22.12) µg/L], but were not significantly different (P=0.555). Median cord blood 25(OH)D levels were lower in the anemic group [12.24 (range 8.53-32.99) ng/dL] than in the non-anemic group [14.26 (range 9.84-61.44) ng/dL], but the difference was not significant (P=0.964). Conclusion Maternal anemia was not significantly associated with cord blood hemoglobin, ferritin, or 25(OH)D levels.
Computational drug repurposing for tuberculosis by inhibiting Ag85 complex proteins Iskandar, Israini W.; Nurhasanah, Astutiati; Hatta, Mohammad; Hamid, Firdaus; Handayani, Irda; Chaera, Ummi; Yusriyyah, Andi A.; Jamaluddin, Balqis D.; Zaenab, St; Hidayah, Najdah; Karimah, Nihayatul; Permana, Andi D.; Massi, Muhammad N.
Narra J Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): April 2025
Publisher : Narra Sains Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52225/narra.v5i1.1130

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant and deadly infection among pulmonary diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a highly adaptive bacterium. The ability of M. tuberculosis to evade certain drugs has been linked to its unique structure, particularly in the cell envelope, where the Ag85 complex proteins play an essential role in this part.  The aim of this study was to utilize a drug repurposing strategy targeting the Ag85 complex proteins. This study utilized a computational approach with 120 selected drugs experimentally identified to inhibit Tuberculosis. A virtual screening molecular docking with Autodock Vina was used to filter the compounds and identify the strong binders to the Ag85 Complex. Molecular dynamics simulations employed the Gromacs Packages to evaluate the stability of each complex, including root mean square deviation (RMSD), root mean square fluctuation (RMSF), and radius of gyration (RoG). Additionally, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) assessments were conducted to gather more information about the drug-likeness of each hit compound. Three compounds, selamectin, imatinib, and eltrombopag were selected as potential drugs repurposed to inhibit the activity of the Ag85 complex enzyme, with binding affinities ranging between -10.560 kcal/mol and -11.422 kcal/mol. The MD simulation within 100 ns (3 replicas) showed that the average RMSD of each Ag85A complex was 0.15 nm–0.16 nm, RMSF was 0.09 nm–0.10 nm, and RoG was 1.80 nm–1.81 nm. For Ag85B, the average RMSD was 1.79 nm–1.80 nm, RMSF was 0.08 nm–0.09 nm, and RoG was 1.79 nm – 1.80 nm. Then, for Ag85C, the mean RMSD was 0.16 nm–0.18 nm, RMSF was 0.09, and RoG was 1.77 nm. The study highlights that these promising results demonstrate the potential of some repurposed drugs in combating the Ag85 complex.
Anopheles species diversity and potential vectors of zoonotic malaria in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia: Diversitas spesies Anopheles dan vektor potensial malaria zoonotik di Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia Permana, Dendi Hadi; Asih, Puji Budi Setia; Suryandari, Dwi Anita; Murhandarwati, Elsa Herdiana; Rozi, Ismail Ekoprayitno; Syahrani, Lepa; Kartapradja, Hannie Dewi Hadyani; Hidayah, Najdah; Bahrani; Irdayanti; Juliawaty, Rita; Coutrier , Elisabeth Farah Novita; Syafruddin, Din
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 22 No 3 (2025): November
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.22.3.165

Abstract

Zoonotic malaria is an emerging public health issue in Indonesia, particularly in regions with significant forest cover and frequent interaction between humans and non-human primates. Information regarding the diversity and behaviour of mosquito vectors in these areas is very limited. This study aims to identify the diversity and bionomics of mosquitoes, particularly Anopheles sp., across five ecologically diverse locations in Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan, to gain an understanding of their potential role in zoonotic malaria transmission. Cross-sectional entomological surveys were conducted during November 2022 (during the rainy season) and October 2024 (at the beginning of the rainy season). Adult mosquitoes were collected using human landing catches (HLC) from 18:00 to 06:00, and larval habitats were surveyed and characterized following the WHO protocol. A total of 1,278 mosquitoes were collected from six genera, with Anopheles letifer Sandosham dominating the Anopheles group (97%), particularly in swampy secondary forests, such as Nyaru Menteng. This species exhibited peak outdoor biting activity shortly after dusk and late at night, posing a greater risk to those outside or in unscreened homes. Larval surveys conducted at 48 sites revealed Anopheles larvae in 27% of habitats, predominantly in swamps (67% positive). Although no significant associations were found with environmental factors, natural and semi-natural water bodies appear key to sustaining vector populations. These findings highlight the ecological flexibility of An. letifer and its potential impact on zoonotic malaria transmission in forest-edge communities. Vector control strategies should include integrated methods, such as larval source management and community-based interventions, particularly in peat swamp regions where interactions between humans and non-human primates are frequent.