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Local Authority Roles in Waste Management: Evidence from Svay Rieng Municipality, Cambodia Yeng, Rothara; Serey, Mardy; Mom, Ket; Hem, Suntrakwadh; Tum, Saravuth; Hong, Chhun
APLIKATIF: Journal of Research Trends in Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): APLIKATIF: Journal of Research Trends in Social Sciences and Humanities
Publisher : Lembaga Junal dan Publikasi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Buton

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59110/aplikatif.v4i4.693

Waste management is a critical challenge in Svay Rieng Municipality, Cambodia, where rapid industrialization and population growth have intensified the problem of uncollected waste. Although national strategies such as the Circular Strategy in Environment Sector 2023–2028 have been introduced, implementation remains limited due to inadequate infrastructure, a small waste collection fleet, weak community participation, and poor coordination among stakeholders. This study employed a qualitative descriptive–interpretive design using a multiple case study approach in Chong Prek and Roup Kor villages. Data were collected through participant observation, semi-structured interviews with twelve key informants, and document analysis, and were validated using triangulation across sources, methods, and investigators. Analysis was guided by the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana model, focusing on the regulatory, facilitative, and dynamizing roles of local authorities. The findings indicate that while regulations exist, enforcement is weak, infrastructure development is delayed by land allocation issues, and outreach efforts are largely reactive. Community engagement remains limited, with participation often triggered only by external pressure or special events. The study concludes that stronger regulatory enforcement, timely infrastructure provision, continuous community education, and institutionalized multi-stakeholder collaboration are essential for advancing a more effective and sustainable waste management system in Svay Rieng Municipality.

Going Paperless in Education: A Circular Economy Approach in Cambodian High Schools Hok, SreyOun; Serey, Mardy; Mom, Ket; Tum, Saravuth; Hem, Suntrakwadh; Hong, Chhun
Room of Civil Society Development Vol. 4 No. 5 (2025): Room of Civil Society Development
Publisher : Lembaga Riset dan Inovasi Masyarakat Madani

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59110/rcsd.691

This study examines students’ readiness to adopt paperless learning within the Circular Economy framework in senior high schools in Svay Rieng Province, Cambodia. It analyzes the influence of environmental awareness, digital literacy, and habitual behavior on preparedness for transitioning from paper-based to digital learning. A quantitative descriptive approach was applied, using survey data from 148 students. Instrument validity and reliability were confirmed, and multiple regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationships among variables. The results indicate that all three factors significantly influence readiness, with digital literacy as the strongest predictor, followed by habits and environmental awareness. Together, these variables explain 51.3% of the variance in student preparedness. The findings extend existing technology adoption models, including the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), by integrating environmental and behavioral dimensions. Practically, the study emphasizes the need to strengthen digital literacy through training and curriculum integration, supported by programs that foster environmental responsibility and sustainable learning habits. These insights provide a policy framework for schools and policymakers in developing contexts to implement paperless education effectively and inclusively.

Integration into Formal Economy: A Systematic Review on the Challenges and Opportunities for Informal SMEs in Cambodia Or, Chanthan; Phon, Sophat; Serey, Mardy
Journal of Law and Economics Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Yayasan Kawanad

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56347/jle.v4i2.360

The informal economy accounts for a substantial share of economic activity across developing nations, where Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) serve as primary engines for job creation and income generation. Yet informality frequently confines these enterprises to persistent cycles of low productivity and economic vulnerability. Drawing on 12 studies published between 2000 and 2025, our systematic literature review examines the multifaceted barriers and pathways associated with transitioning informal SMEs into the formal economy, with particular attention to Cambodia. We synthesize theoretical frameworks on informal economy dynamics and SME development, analyze Cambodia's informal sector characteristics, identify formalization obstacles, and examine integration possibilities. Our literature search spanned multiple databases—JSTOR, Google Scholar, and repositories from the ILO, UNDP, World Bank, and ADB. We selected peer-reviewed articles and reports addressing informal economy and SME formalization in Cambodia and Southeast Asia more broadly. Our findings reveal that despite substantial barriers—financial constraints and regulatory complexities—targeted policy interventions can unlock considerable integration potential.

Integration into Formal Economy: A Systematic Review on the Challenges and Opportunities for Informal SMEs in Cambodia Or, Chanthan; Phon, Sophat; Serey, Mardy
Journal of Law and Economics Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Yayasan Kawanad

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56347/jle.v4i2.360

The informal economy accounts for a substantial share of economic activity across developing nations, where Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) serve as primary engines for job creation and income generation. Yet informality frequently confines these enterprises to persistent cycles of low productivity and economic vulnerability. Drawing on 12 studies published between 2000 and 2025, our systematic literature review examines the multifaceted barriers and pathways associated with transitioning informal SMEs into the formal economy, with particular attention to Cambodia. We synthesize theoretical frameworks on informal economy dynamics and SME development, analyze Cambodia's informal sector characteristics, identify formalization obstacles, and examine integration possibilities. Our literature search spanned multiple databases—JSTOR, Google Scholar, and repositories from the ILO, UNDP, World Bank, and ADB. We selected peer-reviewed articles and reports addressing informal economy and SME formalization in Cambodia and Southeast Asia more broadly. Our findings reveal that despite substantial barriers—financial constraints and regulatory complexities—targeted policy interventions can unlock considerable integration potential.

Achieving Open Defecation Free: Lessons from Rural Sanitation and Hygiene Success in Svay Rieng Province, Cambodia Keo, Hak; Serey, Mardy; Toch, Polyva; Chhim, Borosh; Chhin, Samnang
Journal of Social Knowledge Education (JSKE) Vol. 6 No. 4 (2025): November
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/jske.v6i4.1454

Purpose of the study: This study documents Svay Rieng as Cambodia’s first Open Defecation Free province, offering a replicable model for others. It emphasizes effective coordination, implementation, and the Provincial Department of Rural Development’s technical role in advancing water, sanitation, and hygiene initiatives across Cambodia’s 25 provinces. Methodology: This study analyzes the multi-level coordination behind Svay Rieng’s Open Defecation Free achievement, focusing on collaboration among provincial departments, municipalities, communes, and local focal points. It documents planning, execution, and community engagement strategies, highlighting effective coordination mechanisms and implementation procedures that enabled the successful elimination of open defecation across the province. Main Findings: The study attributes Svay Rieng’s Open Defecation Free success to three key hygiene practices: toilet use, safe drinking water, and handwashing with soap. Strong coordination from provincial to village levels was vital. Local initiatives effectively aligned with national frameworks, including the National Strategic Plan (2014-2025), National Action Plan, and Provincial Action Plan II (2019-2023), ensuring cohesive planning and implementation. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study uniquely documents Cambodia’s first province-wide Open Defecation Free success, offering a pioneering, adaptable framework for rural sanitation. It highlights effective multi-stakeholder coordination and community engagement, aligning with national plans and local goals. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners in Cambodia and other developing countries pursuing sustainable sanitation solutions.

Effects of Bio-Green Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Tomato in Net House Condition Nan, Phetra; Touch, Visalsok; Horn, Linan; Serey, Mardy
AgriMalS Vol 5 No 2 (2025): Volume 5 Nomor 2 Tahun 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47637/agrimals.v5i2.1833

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a widely cultivated crop that is particularly suitable for net house farming due to its high susceptibility to various biotic and abiotic stressors such as diseases, pests, and climate change. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of bio-green fertilizer on the growth and yield of tomato plants under net house conditions, with the aim of identifying the optimal fertilizer level that produces the highest yield. The experiment was carried out in Thmor Kre Kandal Village, Thmor Kre Commune, Chit Borey District, Kratie Province, over a period of four months and 24 days, from December 14, 2022, to May 10, 2023. Three tomato varieties - Phearum F1, Platinum F1, and Paetai - were used in the study. The experimental design followed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and nine treatment combinations, resulting in a total of 27 subplots. The following growth and yield parameters were measured: stem height, number of branches, number of good fruits, number of damaged fruits, weight of good fruits, weight of damaged fruits, total number of fruits, and total fruit weight. Data collection was performed nine times at 10-day intervals throughout the experimental period. Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that the interaction between fertilizer levels and tomato varieties significantly influenced plant growth and yield performance. Among the treatment combinations, the interactions involving the Platinum tomato variety T6 (S2F3) and T8 (S3F2) produced the highest total fruit yield and total fruit weight. In particular, treatment T8 (S3F2) - which combined a moderate level of bio-green fertilizer with balanced NPK application - showed the best overall results in terms of good fruit weight, total number of fruits, and total fruit weight. Therefore, this treatment is considered most suitable for net house cultivation and may serve as a model for future greenhouse and net house tomato production systems.

Effects of Using Cassava Leaf Powder on Quail Growth Performance at National University of Cheasim Kamchaymear, Cambodia Heng, Sophea; Choeurn, Kan; Keo, Chanraksmey; SEREY, Mardy
AgriMalS Vol 5 No 2 (2025): Volume 5 Nomor 2 Tahun 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47637/agrimals.v5i2.1845

Quail are a popular domestic breed, easy to raise, fast-growing, and prolific egg producers. They also exhibit high resistance to diseases. Feed is a crucial factor in animal husbandry; utilizing high-value feed directly correlates with lower profits. This study aims to evaluate the effect of cassava leaf powder as a feed on the quail's growth performance. This experiment was conducted at Thnalkaeng village, Smaongcheung commune, Kamchaymear district, Prey Veng province. For this study's methods, 180 healthy 4-day-old quails, with an average weight of 10.20 grams, were selected and randomly assigned to four treatments (T0, T1, T2, and T3). Each treatment comprised three replicates, with 15 quail per replicate, following a completely randomized design (CRD) experimental model. Treatment T0 received 100% compound feed (control). Treatment T1 received 5% cassava leaf powder and 95% compound feed. Treatment T2 received 10% cassava leaf powder and 90% compound feed. Treatment T3 received 15% meat meal and 85% compound feed. In this experiment, all quails were weighed at the beginning and then weekly from the first to the sixth week. The results showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) in the average daily feed intake among the quail. However, the intake of quails in treatment T2 (15.76 g) was higher. The average starting weight of all quails was similar (P>0.05). A statistically significant difference (P<0.05) was observed in the average daily weight gain during the first week. Conversely, the daily weight gain from the second to the sixth week did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among the quail. The average daily weight gain was highest in quails from treatment T1 (3.64 g), which were fed cassava leaf powder at a 5% level. No significant difference (P>0.05) was found in the average feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the quail. Quails in treatment T1 exhibited the lowest feed conversion ratio (4.48 g). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that adding cassava leaf powder to the feed does not positively affect daily feed intake or the feed conversion ratio. However, using cassava leaf powder at a 5% level does have a positive effect on weight gain.

Effects of Cattle Manure or Its Combination with Chemical Fertilizers on Growing Celery Cabbage Or, Chanthan; Sin, Putheasath; Hong, Chhun; Ros, Vanchey; Kang, Tithya; Kong, Saroeun; Pen, Dina; Serey, Mardy
Techno Agriculturae Studium of Research Vol. 1 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/agriculturae.v1i4.1512

The experiment was conducted in Svay Rieng University in January and February 2015. The objective of the experiment was to test the effect of organic fertilizer from cattle manure alone or combination with inorganic fertilizer from urea and NPK on growing celery cabbage products. The area of each plot was 2m2 (2m length x 1m width) and spacing between each plant was 25cm and each plot was 1m. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) involved five treatments and four replications. The treatments were T0: Control (no fertilizer), T1: Cattle manure only, T2: Cattle manure + Urea + NPK (15:15:15), T3: Cattle manure + Liquid organic fertilizer and T4: Cattle manure + Urea + NPK + Liquid organic fertilizer. Though the experiment showed that the application of cow manure, urea and NPK fertilizer (T2) had gave plants with the greatest plant height, leaf area (length and width), root length, root weight, plant weight and biomass yield of celery. The data obtained from these treatments were significantly higher than the data obtained from the control (T0) and cattle manure alone (T1). Therefore, it is concluded that the use of organic manure from cattle manure in the production of vegetables like celery cabbage should be combination with appropriate inorganic fertilizer.

Effects of Different Level of Sawdust Substrates on the Growth and Yield of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotusostreatus) Or, Chanthan; Sin, Putheasath; Hong, Chhun; Ros, Vanchey; Kang, Tithya; Kong, Saroeun; Pen, Dina; Serey, Mardy
Techno Agriculturae Studium of Research Vol. 1 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/agriculturae.v1i4.1513

The objective of the experiment was to test the effect of different levels of sawdust substrates on the growths and yields of oyster mushroom. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) involved five treatments and four replications. The treatments were T1: rice husk 70% plus other substrate, T2: rice husk 80% plus other substrate, T3: rice husk 90% plus other substrate, T4: rice husk 80% plus other substrate and T5: rice husk 100% plus with other substrate. A total of 500 bags were representatives for 5 treatments or 100 bags for 4 replications or 25 bags for one replication. Three randomize mushroom bags among 25 bags in each replications were representative samples to measurement. Though the experiment shows that length, cap diameter, number of fruit body/packet, yield/packet and total yield in 25 bags were not significant different (P>0.05) among different treatments but total yield was better when sawdust used at 80%and substrates from rice husk (25%), rice straw (5%), rice bran (5%) and other element substrates.

The Main Challenges Affect Cambodian's Milled Rice Exports Chhun, Sinuon; Serey, Mardy
Research of Scientia Naturalis Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/scientia.v1i2.1433

Rice serves as a vital staple for 85% of Cambodian households, particularly those residing in rural areas. The Royal Government of Cambodia (RGC) has prioritized the export of milled rice as a strategic pillar for economic growth, poverty reduction, and improved living standards. However, the export of Cambodian rice faces several challenges, primarily related to meeting the stringent quality standards demanded by high-income markets and increasing competition from producers of fragrant rice. Furthermore, the review identifies obstacles within the governmental processes for rice export documentation, as well as issues impacting rice processing and trading. These challenges include limited government support, financial constraints, unreliable electricity supply, and elevated transportation and milling costs, which ultimately contribute to higher retail prices.

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