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Going Paperless in Education: A Circular Economy Approach in Cambodian High Schools Hok, SreyOun; Serey, Mardy; Mom, Ket; Tum, Saravuth; Hem, Suntrakwadh; Hong, Chhun
Room of Civil Society Development Vol. 4 No. 5 (2025): Room of Civil Society Development
Publisher : Lembaga Riset dan Inovasi Masyarakat Madani

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59110/rcsd.691

This study examines students’ readiness to adopt paperless learning within the Circular Economy framework in senior high schools in Svay Rieng Province, Cambodia. It analyzes the influence of environmental awareness, digital literacy, and habitual behavior on preparedness for transitioning from paper-based to digital learning. A quantitative descriptive approach was applied, using survey data from 148 students. Instrument validity and reliability were confirmed, and multiple regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationships among variables. The results indicate that all three factors significantly influence readiness, with digital literacy as the strongest predictor, followed by habits and environmental awareness. Together, these variables explain 51.3% of the variance in student preparedness. The findings extend existing technology adoption models, including the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), by integrating environmental and behavioral dimensions. Practically, the study emphasizes the need to strengthen digital literacy through training and curriculum integration, supported by programs that foster environmental responsibility and sustainable learning habits. These insights provide a policy framework for schools and policymakers in developing contexts to implement paperless education effectively and inclusively.

Integration into Formal Economy: A Systematic Review on the Challenges and Opportunities for Informal SMEs in Cambodia Or, Chanthan; Phon, Sophat; Serey, Mardy
Journal of Law and Economics Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): NOVEMBER
Publisher : Yayasan Kawanad

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56347/jle.v4i2.360

The informal economy accounts for a substantial share of economic activity across developing nations, where Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) serve as primary engines for job creation and income generation. Yet informality frequently confines these enterprises to persistent cycles of low productivity and economic vulnerability. Drawing on 12 studies published between 2000 and 2025, our systematic literature review examines the multifaceted barriers and pathways associated with transitioning informal SMEs into the formal economy, with particular attention to Cambodia. We synthesize theoretical frameworks on informal economy dynamics and SME development, analyze Cambodia's informal sector characteristics, identify formalization obstacles, and examine integration possibilities. Our literature search spanned multiple databases—JSTOR, Google Scholar, and repositories from the ILO, UNDP, World Bank, and ADB. We selected peer-reviewed articles and reports addressing informal economy and SME formalization in Cambodia and Southeast Asia more broadly. Our findings reveal that despite substantial barriers—financial constraints and regulatory complexities—targeted policy interventions can unlock considerable integration potential.

Achieving Open Defecation Free: Lessons from Rural Sanitation and Hygiene Success in Svay Rieng Province, Cambodia Keo, Hak; Serey, Mardy; Toch, Polyva; Chhim, Borosh; Chhin, Samnang
Journal of Social Knowledge Education (JSKE) Vol. 6 No. 4 (2025): November
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/jske.v6i4.1454

Purpose of the study: This study documents Svay Rieng as Cambodia’s first Open Defecation Free province, offering a replicable model for others. It emphasizes effective coordination, implementation, and the Provincial Department of Rural Development’s technical role in advancing water, sanitation, and hygiene initiatives across Cambodia’s 25 provinces. Methodology: This study analyzes the multi-level coordination behind Svay Rieng’s Open Defecation Free achievement, focusing on collaboration among provincial departments, municipalities, communes, and local focal points. It documents planning, execution, and community engagement strategies, highlighting effective coordination mechanisms and implementation procedures that enabled the successful elimination of open defecation across the province. Main Findings: The study attributes Svay Rieng’s Open Defecation Free success to three key hygiene practices: toilet use, safe drinking water, and handwashing with soap. Strong coordination from provincial to village levels was vital. Local initiatives effectively aligned with national frameworks, including the National Strategic Plan (2014-2025), National Action Plan, and Provincial Action Plan II (2019-2023), ensuring cohesive planning and implementation. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study uniquely documents Cambodia’s first province-wide Open Defecation Free success, offering a pioneering, adaptable framework for rural sanitation. It highlights effective multi-stakeholder coordination and community engagement, aligning with national plans and local goals. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners in Cambodia and other developing countries pursuing sustainable sanitation solutions.

Effects of Bio-Green Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Tomato in Net House Condition Nan, Phetra; Touch, Visalsok; Horn, Linan; Serey, Mardy
AgriMalS Vol 5 No 2 (2025): Volume 5 Nomor 2 Tahun 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47637/agrimals.v5i2.1833

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a widely cultivated crop that is particularly suitable for net house farming due to its high susceptibility to various biotic and abiotic stressors such as diseases, pests, and climate change. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of bio-green fertilizer on the growth and yield of tomato plants under net house conditions, with the aim of identifying the optimal fertilizer level that produces the highest yield. The experiment was carried out in Thmor Kre Kandal Village, Thmor Kre Commune, Chit Borey District, Kratie Province, over a period of four months and 24 days, from December 14, 2022, to May 10, 2023. Three tomato varieties - Phearum F1, Platinum F1, and Paetai - were used in the study. The experimental design followed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and nine treatment combinations, resulting in a total of 27 subplots. The following growth and yield parameters were measured: stem height, number of branches, number of good fruits, number of damaged fruits, weight of good fruits, weight of damaged fruits, total number of fruits, and total fruit weight. Data collection was performed nine times at 10-day intervals throughout the experimental period. Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that the interaction between fertilizer levels and tomato varieties significantly influenced plant growth and yield performance. Among the treatment combinations, the interactions involving the Platinum tomato variety T6 (S2F3) and T8 (S3F2) produced the highest total fruit yield and total fruit weight. In particular, treatment T8 (S3F2) - which combined a moderate level of bio-green fertilizer with balanced NPK application - showed the best overall results in terms of good fruit weight, total number of fruits, and total fruit weight. Therefore, this treatment is considered most suitable for net house cultivation and may serve as a model for future greenhouse and net house tomato production systems.

Effects of Using Cassava Leaf Powder on Quail Growth Performance at National University of Cheasim Kamchaymear, Cambodia Heng, Sophea; Choeurn, Kan; Keo, Chanraksmey; SEREY, Mardy
AgriMalS Vol 5 No 2 (2025): Volume 5 Nomor 2 Tahun 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47637/agrimals.v5i2.1845

Quail are a popular domestic breed, easy to raise, fast-growing, and prolific egg producers. They also exhibit high resistance to diseases. Feed is a crucial factor in animal husbandry; utilizing high-value feed directly correlates with lower profits. This study aims to evaluate the effect of cassava leaf powder as a feed on the quail's growth performance. This experiment was conducted at Thnalkaeng village, Smaongcheung commune, Kamchaymear district, Prey Veng province. For this study's methods, 180 healthy 4-day-old quails, with an average weight of 10.20 grams, were selected and randomly assigned to four treatments (T0, T1, T2, and T3). Each treatment comprised three replicates, with 15 quail per replicate, following a completely randomized design (CRD) experimental model. Treatment T0 received 100% compound feed (control). Treatment T1 received 5% cassava leaf powder and 95% compound feed. Treatment T2 received 10% cassava leaf powder and 90% compound feed. Treatment T3 received 15% meat meal and 85% compound feed. In this experiment, all quails were weighed at the beginning and then weekly from the first to the sixth week. The results showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) in the average daily feed intake among the quail. However, the intake of quails in treatment T2 (15.76 g) was higher. The average starting weight of all quails was similar (P>0.05). A statistically significant difference (P<0.05) was observed in the average daily weight gain during the first week. Conversely, the daily weight gain from the second to the sixth week did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among the quail. The average daily weight gain was highest in quails from treatment T1 (3.64 g), which were fed cassava leaf powder at a 5% level. No significant difference (P>0.05) was found in the average feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the quail. Quails in treatment T1 exhibited the lowest feed conversion ratio (4.48 g). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that adding cassava leaf powder to the feed does not positively affect daily feed intake or the feed conversion ratio. However, using cassava leaf powder at a 5% level does have a positive effect on weight gain.

Effectiveness of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal in the Water Treatment Process at Khmer Beverages, Phnom Penh Serey, Mardy; Chhorn, Sreypov; Chhe, Chinda
Journal of Chemical Learning Innovation Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/jocli.v2i2.2249

Purpose of the study: The aim of this study is to understand the process of water treatment in each step and to understand the effectiveness of the removal of phosphorus and nitrogen from wastewater. Methodology: For nitrogen removal must be through many processes such as Nitrogen fixation, or Ammonification, and Denitrification. For the phosphorus. The additional Ferric Chloride in the Aeration tanks to a reaction between the melt and the mud bolts is separated at the Clarifier tank. The Coagulation basin adds Ferric Chloride at 40% concentration of 0.05ml in contaminated water 1000ml for nitrogen and phosphorus concentration tests and studied in the condition the nitrogen can be removed from contaminated water well depending on the pH value and temperature. The removal of phosphorus by adding 0.05ml ferric chloride and 5ml of polymer cation 1040 (powder) can tank up to 80% phosphorus at the temperature of 200C and pH 7. Main Findings: As a result, the good conditions for nitrification are the pH of between 7.5 and 8.6 at temperature in the tank between 200C and 250C and the denitrification has a pH of between 7.5 and 8 and temperature in the tank from 200C to 350C. Result show that the remaining phosphorus is below the ministry of environment standard set (P <2mg/l). Novelty/Originality of this study: The next study should observe the amount of polymer to be applied after adding iron and studying the speed of iron chips as it affects the removal of phosphorus.

Evaluation of Fish Sausage Product using Striped Snakehead (Channa striata) Species at UNICA Enterprise, Phnom Penh Touch, Sopheap; Chhe, Chinda; Serey, Mardy; Srun, Marnick
Journal of Educational Technology and Learning Creativity Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/jetlc.v3i2.2315

Purpose of the study: This study developed and evaluated a novel fish sausage utilizing the Striped Snakehead (Channa striata), an abundant yet underutilized species in Cambodia, to address the limited valorization of local fishery resources and the inconsistent quality of existing products. Methodology: Three formulations with varying concentrations of sugar, salt, and corn starch were systematically assessed through physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory analyses. Physicochemical parameters included pH, water activity, and nutritional composition (protein, fat, and caloric value). Microbiological safety was verified by testing for E. coli, Salmonella spp., and total aerobic counts, while sensory attributes were evaluated by 30 panelists using a 9-point hedonic scale. Main Findings: Results identified Treatment 3 as the optimal formulation, achieving the highest overall sensory acceptance (7.46) and significantly superior taste scores (p < 0.001). All formulations met international food safety standards, with pathogenic bacteria undetected. A central contribution of this research is the development and validation of a specific Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) plan. Three Critical Control Points (CCPs) were identified: raw material reception, bone removal, and drying. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study addresses the "absence of a HACCP plan" that previously hindered consumer trust. This research provides a clear pathway for the industrialization of safe, high-quality fish sausage, contributing to the economic valorization of Cambodia’s aquatic resources and offering a practical model for local food processors to meet regulatory standards.

Evaluation of Fish Sausage Product using Striped Snakehead (Channa striata) Species at UNICA Enterprise, Phnom Penh Touch, Sopheap; Chhe, Chinda; Serey, Mardy; Srun, Marnick
Journal of Educational Technology and Learning Creativity Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/jetlc.v3i2.2315

Purpose of the study: This study developed and evaluated a novel fish sausage utilizing the Striped Snakehead (Channa striata), an abundant yet underutilized species in Cambodia, to address the limited valorization of local fishery resources and the inconsistent quality of existing products. Methodology: Three formulations with varying concentrations of sugar, salt, and corn starch were systematically assessed through physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory analyses. Physicochemical parameters included pH, water activity, and nutritional composition (protein, fat, and caloric value). Microbiological safety was verified by testing for E. coli, Salmonella spp., and total aerobic counts, while sensory attributes were evaluated by 30 panelists using a 9-point hedonic scale. Main Findings: Results identified Treatment 3 as the optimal formulation, achieving the highest overall sensory acceptance (7.46) and significantly superior taste scores (p < 0.001). All formulations met international food safety standards, with pathogenic bacteria undetected. A central contribution of this research is the development and validation of a specific Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) plan. Three Critical Control Points (CCPs) were identified: raw material reception, bone removal, and drying. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study addresses the "absence of a HACCP plan" that previously hindered consumer trust. This research provides a clear pathway for the industrialization of safe, high-quality fish sausage, contributing to the economic valorization of Cambodia’s aquatic resources and offering a practical model for local food processors to meet regulatory standards.

Public Service Delivery in Cambodia: A Review of the One Window Service Office (OWSO) Implementation Thay, Kosal; Serey, Mardy
JPS: Journal of Publicness Studies Vol 3 No 02 (2026): Journal of Publicness Studies
Publisher : Program Studi Administrasi Publik, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22487/v26ebv53

Public service delivery in developing countries is a fundamental component of state-building, governance reform, and poverty reduction. Cambodia's shift from a centralized post-conflict administration to decentralized governance has been characterised by considerable organisational reform. Central to these endeavours is the One Window Service Office (OWSO) programme, a local government provision system which adopts a single-agency approach to increase transparency, accountability and effectiveness in local public administration services. The article offers an account of the OWSO model in Cambodia according to IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion). This paper analyzes OWSO's performance on service quality and citizen satisfaction, based on a systematic review of research findings in academic literature, governmental reports, and international development assessments. It also argues that while the OWSO has successfully streamlined administrative procedures, reduced informal payments, and generated substantial state revenue, the ongoing effectiveness of OWSO is hampered by short staffing levels, poor digital infrastructure and enduring rural and urban divides. Comparison of regional models in Southeast Asia like Indonesia at PTSP and ARTA in the Philippines shows the importance of strong digital integration and sustained political will. The article concludes with policy recommendations aimed at furthering the public administration reform agenda in Cambodia.

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