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Spodoptera Frugiperda (Fall Armyworm) Economic Impacts and Management Strategies on Maize Production in Cambodia: A Review Article Nget, Vibol; Nem, Monipheap; Serey, Mardy
Research of Scientia Naturalis Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/scientia.v1i2.1438

Maize is a significant crop in Cambodia and is extensively grown in upland areas with higher rainfall and suitable soil conditions. The production of maize in Cambodia is being affected by the presence of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), which can significantly reduce productivity without proper control methods. Fall armyworm (FAW) is a crop insect pest originally from America, which was later discovered in West Africa in 2016 and appeared in Cambodia in March 2019. It affected 11,142 hectares of maize in four provinces within the following four months. The most affected are smallholder farmers with limited access to information, tools, technologies, and management practices to predict, identify, and manage an infestation of FAW in their fields. Cambodia is not yet prepared to address this pest. The main deficiencies are the absence of a control strategy for FAW, the lack of resources for disseminating knowledge, such as farmer field schools and trainer training, and the lack of research on it. This review aims to identify best practices and deficiencies that Cambodian farmers should consider in controlling FAW infestation. These measures are urgently needed and can be quickly tested and expanded to mitigate the impacts of FAW on maize production. This is accomplished through academic literature from scholarly articles, government regulations, international publications, and credible news about the status of FAW worldwide, in Asian nations, and in Cambodia. When using the push-pull method, the number of larvae per plant is reduced by 82.7% to 86.7%, along with a higher yield. In Cambodia, Metarhizium anisoliae is a fungal biopesticide that effectively controls FAW, while Bacillus thuringiensis and neem oil are not effective. Since the efficacy of biopesticide is longer-term and these products are difficult to access, Cambodian farmers prefer to use synthetic insecticides to suppress FAW. Emamectin benzoate, a chemical compound, is found to be popularly used by farmers in Cambodia for controlling FAW, and its efficacy has been proven to be highly effective. There is a significant concern about the resistance of this synthetic pesticide if farmers are not properly advised. Large-scale agro-advisories can play an essential role in minimizing the incidence of FAW and helping smallholder farmers take timely precautions to reduce potential crop loss. Integrated pest management is the best strategy for managing FAW.

Effect of Intercropping of the Cover Crop and Peanut on the Growth and Yield of Cassava that Grown by No-Ridging in the Highlands of Rattanak Mondul District, Battambang Province Thuok, Valyseavmey; Nil, Chhanun; Serey, Mardy
Research of Scientia Naturalis Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/scientia.v1i2.1439

This article focuses on the practice of conservation agriculture, mainly on soil fertility, soil erosion reduction, soil erosion, and cover crop studies. The study highlights the need for additional support to encourage conservation agriculture adoption, particularly for small-scale farmers. Support measures should include financial assistance to cover initial costs and secure land tenure to promote long-term investments. Despite these advantages, several challenges hindered conservation agriculture adoption. Especially after eliminating tillage and banning herbicides, farmers faced challenges with weed management in the first two years. But conservation agriculture practices improved soil structure by eliminating tillage, which enhanced water retention and drainage, helping crops withstand extreme climate events such as the 2013 flash floods and the 2012 and 2014 droughts. Limited access to affordable conservation agriculture equipment, such as no-till planters, further complicates adoption. Since most farmers prefer to grow cassava, it is easy to grow, but it was too long, so it may take a long time for farmers to plant the next crop, so in this study we conducted a study with planting by adding or inter-kind of crop such as cover crop and peanuts in cassava that no-ridging to find out the benefits of peanuts and cover crop, peanuts acting as a secondary crop after cassava. For data collection research, data analysis methods were taken from the collection of biomass samples of crops that interacted in cassava and samples of yield, then evaluated and analyzed.

Requirements and Challenges for Profitable Practice Implementation by Smallholder Farmers Soeurm, Sodyna; Serey, Mardy
Research of Scientia Naturalis Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/scientia.v1i2.1442

Alternative Wetting and Drying (AWD), practiced by some in rice farming, is one approach where water use efficiency can be improved and gaseous emissions mitigated while productivity is maintained. However, it also involves intermittent irrigation, allowing the fields to dry out before re-irrigation, as opposed to continuous flooding. They discovered that it is possible to reduce water use by around 25–30% while increasing rice yields by improving root growth and tiller production. Researchers have also discovered that AWD offers significant environmental advantages, such as a 50% reduction in methane emissions. Even though AWD has good potential, smallholders face many challenges when implementing it. These issues stem from the stability of food yields, insufficient knowledge, and restricted access to available infrastructure or technology. Moreover, farmers are hesitant to switch from traditional methods due to concerns that it could be a high-risk activity and involve labor-intensive water management chores. In addition, AWD needs both dependable water delivery infrastructure and monitoring equipment that often do not exist in remote or resource-constrained regions. For the widespread adoption of AWD, we must implement capacity-building initiatives alongside policy backing and investments in irrigation infrastructure. We address the benefits and challenges of AWD for small farmers who want to explore sustainable rice farming.

Digital Transformation through e-Government in Indonesia's Governance and Its Impact on Reducing Corruption Levels Pratama, Adji Yuwana; Ridwan, Ridwan; Serey, Mardy
Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik (JISIP) Vol 14, No 3 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tungga Dewi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33366/jisip.v14i3.3513

Digital development and globalization have encouraged many countries to implement e-Government in order to improve transparency, efficiency, and public participation in government. This study focuses on the implementation of e-Government in Indonesia, with the aim of measuring its impact in reducing corruption and identifying the challenges faced in the implementation process. In addition, this study also looks at the possibility of new forms of corruption arising as a result of digitalization, known as digital corruption. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach by collecting secondary data from various relevant literature sources. The results show that although e-Government aims to reduce corruption, corruption rates in Indonesia have actually increased after the implementation of the Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE). The main challenges identified include a large digital divide, low digital literacy among officials and the public, and weak oversight of e-Government implementation. In addition, there is potential for digital corruption, such as data manipulation and system abuse, which could cause harm. This study provides an understanding of how e-Government in Indonesia has not yet been fully successful in reducing corruption rates. These findings also indicate the need for increased digital literacy and stricter supervision to prevent digital corruption.Perkembangan digital dan globalisasi mendorong banyak negara untuk menerapkan e-Government guna meningkatkan transparansi, efisiensi, dan partisipasi publik dalam pemerintahan. Penelitian ini fokus pada penerapan e-Government di Indonesia, dengan tujuan untuk mengukur dampaknya dalam mengurangi korupsi serta mengidentifikasi tantangan yang dihadapi dalam proses implementasinya. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga melihat kemungkinan munculnya bentuk korupsi baru akibat digitalisasi, yang dikenal dengan istilah digital corruption. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder dari berbagai sumber literatur yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun e-Government bertujuan untuk mengurangi korupsi, angka korupsi di Indonesia justru meningkat setelah penerapan Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik (SPBE). Tantangan utama yang ditemukan termasuk kesenjangan digital yang masih besar, rendahnya literasi digital di kalangan pejabat dan masyarakat, serta lemahnya pengawasan terhadap implementasi e-Government. Selain itu, ditemukan adanya potensi digital corruption, seperti manipulasi data dan penyalahgunaan sistem yang berpotensi merugikan. Penelitian ini memberikan pemahaman tentang bagaimana e-Government di Indonesia belum berhasil sepenuhnya menurunkan angka korupsi. Temuan ini juga menunjukkan perlunya peningkatan literasi digital dan pengawasan yang lebih ketat agar digital corruption dapat dihindari.

Effectiveness of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal in the Water Treatment Process at Khmer Beverages, Phnom Penh Serey, Mardy; Chhorn, Sreypov; Chhe, Chinda
Journal of Chemical Learning Innovation Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/jocli.v2i2.2249

Purpose of the study: The aim of this study is to understand the process of water treatment in each step and to understand the effectiveness of the removal of phosphorus and nitrogen from wastewater. Methodology: For nitrogen removal must be through many processes such as Nitrogen fixation, or Ammonification, and Denitrification. For the phosphorus. The additional Ferric Chloride in the Aeration tanks to a reaction between the melt and the mud bolts is separated at the Clarifier tank. The Coagulation basin adds Ferric Chloride at 40% concentration of 0.05ml in contaminated water 1000ml for nitrogen and phosphorus concentration tests and studied in the condition the nitrogen can be removed from contaminated water well depending on the pH value and temperature. The removal of phosphorus by adding 0.05ml ferric chloride and 5ml of polymer cation 1040 (powder) can tank up to 80% phosphorus at the temperature of 200C and pH 7. Main Findings: As a result, the good conditions for nitrification are the pH of between 7.5 and 8.6 at temperature in the tank between 200C and 250C and the denitrification has a pH of between 7.5 and 8 and temperature in the tank from 200C to 350C. Result show that the remaining phosphorus is below the ministry of environment standard set (P <2mg/l). Novelty/Originality of this study: The next study should observe the amount of polymer to be applied after adding iron and studying the speed of iron chips as it affects the removal of phosphorus.

Evaluation of Fish Sausage Product using Striped Snakehead (Channa striata) Species at UNICA Enterprise, Phnom Penh Touch, Sopheap; Chhe, Chinda; Serey, Mardy; Srun, Marnick
Journal of Educational Technology and Learning Creativity Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/jetlc.v3i2.2315

Purpose of the study: This study developed and evaluated a novel fish sausage utilizing the Striped Snakehead (Channa striata), an abundant yet underutilized species in Cambodia, to address the limited valorization of local fishery resources and the inconsistent quality of existing products. Methodology: Three formulations with varying concentrations of sugar, salt, and corn starch were systematically assessed through physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory analyses. Physicochemical parameters included pH, water activity, and nutritional composition (protein, fat, and caloric value). Microbiological safety was verified by testing for E. coli, Salmonella spp., and total aerobic counts, while sensory attributes were evaluated by 30 panelists using a 9-point hedonic scale. Main Findings: Results identified Treatment 3 as the optimal formulation, achieving the highest overall sensory acceptance (7.46) and significantly superior taste scores (p < 0.001). All formulations met international food safety standards, with pathogenic bacteria undetected. A central contribution of this research is the development and validation of a specific Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) plan. Three Critical Control Points (CCPs) were identified: raw material reception, bone removal, and drying. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study addresses the "absence of a HACCP plan" that previously hindered consumer trust. This research provides a clear pathway for the industrialization of safe, high-quality fish sausage, contributing to the economic valorization of Cambodia’s aquatic resources and offering a practical model for local food processors to meet regulatory standards.

Transformational Leadership in Education: A Review of Concepts, Roles, Challenges, Practices and their Effects Serey, Mardy; Phon, Sokwin; Hill, Sothea; Sam, Rany; Em, Sereyrath; Pagilagan, Alberto
Indonesian Journal of Education Research (IJoER) Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025): June
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/ijoer.v6i3.1493

Purpose of the study: This research aims to review the literature on leadership in comparison to transformational leader practices in education and explore the roles, challenges, and its effects. Methodology: This study presents a comprehensive literature review on transformational leadership in education, examining existing knowledge through a wide array of sources, including books, scholarly articles, reports, and credible online sources. Rather than relying on quantitative data and statistical analysis, this research emphasizes an in-depth exploration of the underlying principles and practical applications of transformational leadership in educational contexts. Main Findings: The findings from this study provide policymakers, educators, scholars, and academics with valuable insights into transformational leadership as a powerful driver of organizational change in education. Transformational leaders, through a clear vision for the future, enable staff to elevate organizational performance by moving from low to high achievement levels. By articulating and fostering a shared purpose, transformational leaders empower their teams to implement strategies that directly improve school outcomes. Transformational leadership in education stands as a powerful tool for driving positive change. By inspiring a shared vision, stimulating intellectual growth, building strong relationships, modeling ethical behavior, and empowering individuals, transformational leaders can create a sustainable and impactful legacy in schools. Novelty/Originality of this study: Unlike the other review, this provides uniquely synthesic comparision of transformation leadership style in Western and ASEAN case studies in education with the integration of transformational leadership practices and adaptation with the context of Industry 4.0.

Evaluation of Fish Sausage Product using Striped Snakehead (Channa striata) Species at UNICA Enterprise, Phnom Penh Touch, Sopheap; Chhe, Chinda; Serey, Mardy; Srun, Marnick
Journal of Educational Technology and Learning Creativity Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/jetlc.v3i2.2315

Purpose of the study: This study developed and evaluated a novel fish sausage utilizing the Striped Snakehead (Channa striata), an abundant yet underutilized species in Cambodia, to address the limited valorization of local fishery resources and the inconsistent quality of existing products. Methodology: Three formulations with varying concentrations of sugar, salt, and corn starch were systematically assessed through physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory analyses. Physicochemical parameters included pH, water activity, and nutritional composition (protein, fat, and caloric value). Microbiological safety was verified by testing for E. coli, Salmonella spp., and total aerobic counts, while sensory attributes were evaluated by 30 panelists using a 9-point hedonic scale. Main Findings: Results identified Treatment 3 as the optimal formulation, achieving the highest overall sensory acceptance (7.46) and significantly superior taste scores (p < 0.001). All formulations met international food safety standards, with pathogenic bacteria undetected. A central contribution of this research is the development and validation of a specific Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) plan. Three Critical Control Points (CCPs) were identified: raw material reception, bone removal, and drying. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study addresses the "absence of a HACCP plan" that previously hindered consumer trust. This research provides a clear pathway for the industrialization of safe, high-quality fish sausage, contributing to the economic valorization of Cambodia’s aquatic resources and offering a practical model for local food processors to meet regulatory standards.

Evaluating the Economic Efficiency of Crop Production in the Floodplain During the Dry Season in Chulkiri District, Kampong Chhnang Province Chea, Mengponleu; Serey, Mardy; Ponh, Oudam
Journal of Social Knowledge Education (JSKE) Vol. 5 No. 4 (2024): November
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/jske.v5i4.1197

Purpose of the study: This study aims to assess the status of crop production and evaluate the costs, benefits, opportunities, and challenges along Tonle Sap Lake during the dry season. Methodology: Data were collected from 47 farmers, 10 vendors, and four local authorities through random interviews followed by questionnaires. The cost-benefit ratio, net present value (NPV), and sensitivity analyses were conducted, assuming a 9% cost overrun and a 5% yield decrease for analysis data. Main Findings: The study found, that farmers employ crop rotation and expertise from nearby farmers to grow beans, corn, sweet chilli, and melon from December to August. Floodplain crop production is moderately profitable, despite a 10% increase in total costs, with labor, irrigation, fertilizer, weeding, and pesticides being the high expenses. Challenges such as labor scarcity, financial literacy deficits, pest management issues, falling crop values, climate variability, and insufficient seed storage further complicate floodplain agriculture. Novelty/Originality of this study: This research explores floodplain farming's financial efficiency, and sustainability, utilizing cost-benefit analysis, sensitivity analysis, and qualitative evaluations to address Cambodia's unique agricultural challenges in the floodplain area.

Roles of Women in Living Income: Coping Strategies and Perception of Waste Collectors in Battambang Town, Battambang Province Koy, Phearun; Serey, Mardy
Journal of Social Knowledge Education (JSKE) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): February
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/jske.v6i1.1203

Purpose of the study: This research study aims to explore the specific roles women play in this field, the disparities they face compared to men, and their coping mechanisms. Methodology: A mixed-methods approach was used for this research, combining quantitative data from household surveys and desk reviews with qualitative data from key informant interviews. The study reviewed relevant research papers, articles, and reports, including project progress reports, published journals, guidelines and policies related to waste collection, and research reports from other researchers and policymakers. Main Findings: The research findings revealed that women's family status significantly impacts their economic decisions, often leading them to work for pay to support their families. Household surveys showed that women comprised 64% of respondents, and 54% had no schooling. Additionally, 37% of respondents were aware of women's roles in providing for their families, while key informant interviews with community organizations confirmed this understanding. While the study found that 60% of respondents believed that increased women's rights would not compromise men's rights, 40% disagreed. Some respondents expressed concerns about men losing their privileges if women gained more rights. However, the study concluded that women's contributions to household income should be valued more, and that collaborative efforts are needed to achieve gender empowerment and economic management. Novelty/Originality of this study: Through this research, the master plans for solid waste management will be developed and the partnership with private sector will be strengthened to improve waste management practices and increase income for waste collectors.

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