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All Journal Science and Technology Indonesia Indonesian Journal of Chemistry JKPK (Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia)
Fahmi, Ahmad Luthfi
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics

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Journal : Science and Technology Indonesia

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Nanoparticle-Enhanced 3D-Connector Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device (3D-µPADs) for Sensitive and Cost-Effective Detection of Albumin-Creatinine Ratio in Urine Sample Sabarudin, Akhmad; Fiddaroini, Saidun; Fahmi, Ahmad Luthfi; Roja’i, Abdul Munir; Salsabila, Isadora Evani; Aulanni’am; Srihardyastutie, Arie; Susanti, Hani; Samsu, Nur
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): April
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.2.504-518

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health challenge affecting over 800 million people worldwide. Early detection is crucial to prevent progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), where life-saving interventions like dialysis or transplantation are necessary. Among the markers for early kidney damage, the Albumin Creatinine Ratio (ACR) in urine is one of the most reliable. Conventional methods of ACR detection, such as LC/MS-MS and ELISA, are highly accurate but require expensive equipment and skilled personnel, limiting their accessibility, especially in resource-limited settings. To address this, we developed a 3D-connector microfluidic paperbased analytical device (3D-µPADs) enhanced with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for sensitive and low-cost ACR detection. The integration of AuNPs amplifies colorimetric signals, enhancing the visual distinction in albumin detection. Our 3D-µPADs werefabricated using chromatographic paper Whatman No. 1 with hydrophobic barriers created by solid wax printing, followed by reagent immobilization for albumin and creatinine detection. The colorimetric and distance responses, based on reactions with Bromocresol Green (BCG) and Chrome Azurol S-Palladium (CAS-Pd2+), were analyzed using ImageJ software to quantify albumin and creatinine levels. The 3D-µPADs exhibited optimal sensitivity and accuracy, with linear detection ranges for albumin and creatinine of 30–400 mg/g. Validation with human urine samples demonstrated an accuracy of 93.04%, suggesting that 3D-µPADs offer a promising alternative for early nephropathy detection. Our findings provide a cost-effective, accessible tool for CKD screening, potentially transforming diagnostics in low-resource environments.
Optimization and Stability Assessment of Chitosan/PVA Smart Sensor Films Incorporated with Roselle Anthocyanins for Real-Time Visual Monitoring of Chicken and Shrimp Freshness under Different Storage Conditions Hidayaty, Alfianita Nuril; Fiddaroini, Saidun; Fahmi, Ahmad Luthfi; Fardiyah, Qonitah; Sabarudin, Akhmad
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): January
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.1.217-234

Abstract

The development of intelligent packaging systems has become a promising approach to ensure food safety and quality by enabling real-time freshness monitoring. In this study, chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (Cs/PVA)-based smart sensor films incorporated with roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) anthocyanins were fabricated and optimized for the visual detection of chicken and shrimp spoilage under variations storage. Anthocyanins were extracted from fresh roselle petals through different maceration periods (R1–R5) to investigate their influence on film properties. Physicochemical characterization revealed that extended maceration enhanced anthocyanin loading, leading to increased film thickness, higher color saturation, and improved optical responsiveness. FESEM micrographs demonstrated homogeneous polymer matrices at lower anthocyanin concentrations, while higher loadings induced micro-aggregates that enhanced volatile adsorption and sensing sensitivity. The fabricated films exhibited clear and progressive color transitions aligned with the spoilage process: red–purple at fresh conditions (pH 5–6), brown–green at intermediate spoilage (pH 7–9), and yellow–brown at advanced spoilage (pH ≥10), consistent with anthocyanin structural transformations. Storage trials with chicken and shrimp confirmed that the Cs/PVA–R5 film displayed the intense coloration and strong response to volatile amines such as ammonia, trimethylamine, and dimethylamine, enabling reliable freshness monitoring. Importantly, the films provided a visual indication when the pH exceeded the edibility threshold of 7.0–7.5, beyond which the samples were deemed unsuitable for consumption. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential of Cs/PVA–roselle anthocyanin films as eco-friendly, low-cost, and effective smart indicators for meat and seafood freshness, offering a practical platform for intelligent food packaging applications.
Co-Authors 'Aisy, Kamila Rohadatul Akhmad Sabarudin Arie Srihardyastutie Aulanni’am Fiddaroini, Saidun Hani Susanti, Hani Hermin Sulistyarti Hidayaty, Alfianita Nuril Ika Oktavia Wulandari Nur Samsu Qonitah Fardiyah Roja’i, Abdul Munir Salsabila, Isadora Evani ‘Aisy, Kamila Rohadatul