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Yunus , Muchammad
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Growth patterns and ecological classification of Tor tambra (Valenciennes 1842) in the Mamis River, Leuser Ecosystem Area, Aceh Province, Indonesia Akmal, Yusrizal; Yunus , Muchammad; Plumeriastuti , Hani; Dhamayanti, Yeni; Irfannur; Muliari; Zulfahmi, Ilham; Batubara, Agung Setia
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Publisher : Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jipk.v16i2.55808

Abstract

Graphical Abstract Highlight Research 1. Tor tambra is the most dominant species other Tor species in Aceh Province, Indonesia. 2. The population of T. tambra has decreased significantly due to overfishing and environmental destruction. 3. This research aims to examine the habitat characteristics, growth patterns and condition factors of T. tambra. 4. Analysis of the length weight relationship of T. tambra revealed that the condition of the fish was stable . Abstract This research was aimed to examine the habitat characteristics, growth patterns and condition factors of T. tambra in the Mamis River, Leuser Ecosystem Area, Aceh, Indonesia. This research was conducted on the Mamis River in three different river conditions from July to August 2023. The ecological parameters of T. tambra were conducted by observing the main, broodstock, spawning, and nursery ground habitats based on diversity of catch size at a location, water quality, aquatic substrate, aquatic vegetation, and water shade. The growth pattern parameter was also analyzed to reveal the condition of T. tambra.  The T. tambra habitat in the Mamis River includes broodstock and spawning habitat with the criteria from small to large rocks overgrown with Bryophytes, gravel and sand substrates, clear water color, slow to swift water currents, and river environment most of it is primary forest. In the main habitat, there is dominant riparian vegetation in the form of forest timber trees such as Pometia pinnata, Ficus fistulosa, Hydnocarpus castanea, and Aglaia tomentosa. The habitat for the juvenile is in the form of rocks, gravel substrate, clear water color, and fast water currents. In the nursery habitat, the dominant riparian vegetation is Balakata baccata. Based on the results of water quality analysis at the three stations, it shows that temperature, pH, DO, currents, BOD, COD are significantly different, but brightness levels are not significantly different. Based on the analysis of the length-weight relationship, it shows that the condition of the fish is stable with sufficient food availability.
Designing of a Novel Aerolysin-based Multiepitope Vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Osphronemus goramy Using Reverse Vaccinology: an in Silico Approaches Rozi; Tyasningsih, Wiwiek; Rahmahani, Jola; Aksono, Eduardus Bimo; Yunus , Muchammad; Al-Arif, Mohammad Anam; Kuncorojati, Suryo; Kusdarwati, Rahayu; Sari, Putri Desi Wulan; Amal, Mohammad Noor Azmai; Salleh, Annas; Khanand, Nadeem; Suwarno
Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan Vol. 16 No. 2 (2024): JURNAL ILMIAH PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN
Publisher : Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jipk.v16i2.62035

Abstract

Graphical Abstract Highlight Research The study aims to develop a multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) against A. hydrophila by targeting the aerolysin toxin, a key virulence factor responsible for infections in fish and humans. Computational methods identified and optimized B-cell and T-cell epitopes, focusing on their ability to trigger immune responses without causing toxicity or allergenicity. In silico simulations demonstrated that the MEV has a strong binding affinity to immune receptors like TLR-4, MHC-I, and MHC-II, indicating its potential to induce robust cellular and humoral immunity. Structural analysis of the MEV showed a stable 3D conformation, with most residues in favorable regions, ensuring stability during immune activation. The MEV could enhance disease control in aquaculture and reduce human infection risks, offering a promising solution to address antibiotic resistance and the absence of effective vaccines. Abstract Aeromonas hydrophila, gram-negative, is a major pathogen responsible for various diseases in mammals, reptiles, amphibia, and vertebrates, including fish and humans. Targeting the specific toxin aerolysin in A. hydrophila is crucial to address antibiotic resistance and the lack of adequate and protective vaccines against this intracellular pathogen. This study aimed to identify a multi-epitope vaccination (MEV) candidate targeting A. hydrophila aerolysin toxin to combat the disease effectively. Standard biochemical characterization methods and sequencing of the 16S rRNA, rpoB, and aerA genes identified the isolate AHSA1 as A. hydrophila. Subsequently, we identified B and T cell epitopes on the aerolysin protein and separately predicted MHC-I and MHC-II epitopes. The epitopes are then evaluated for toxicity, antigenicity, allergenicity, and solubility. The vaccine design integrated multi-epitope-based constructs, utilizing specialized linkers (GPGPG) and EAAAK linkers to connect epitope peptides with adjuvants in the cholera toxin B component, thereby enhancing immunogenicity. Ramachandran plots showed that 85.25% of the residues were located in the most favorable regions, which was followed by the generously allowed zone (1.30%), the additional allowed regions (10.80%), and the forbidden regions (2.65%), thus confirming the feasibility of the modeled vaccine design. Based on docking simulations, MEV had the highest binding and interaction energies with TLR-4, TLR-9, MHC-I, and MHC-II (-1081.4, -723.2, 866.2, -9043.3 kcal/mol). Based on computational modelling, we expect the Aerolysin MEV candidate design to activate diverse immune mechanisms, stimulate robust responses against A. hydrophila, and maintain safety. The significant solubility, absence of toxicity or allergic response, and minimal side effects in animal testing all contribute to the potential clinical utility of this vaccine candidate.  
Co-Authors Aksono HP., Eduardus Bimo Al arif, Mohammad Anam Amal, Mohammad Noor Azmai Batubara, Agung Setia Ilham Zulfahmi Irfannur Khanand, Nadeem Kuncorojati, Suryo Muliari Plumeriastuti , Hani Rahmahani, Jola Rozi Salleh, Annas Sari, Putri Desi Wulan Suwarno Tyasningsih, Wiwiek Yeni Dhamayanti Yusrizal Akmal