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All Journal Borneo Engineering: Jurnal Teknik Sipil REKONSTRUKSI TADULAKO: Civil Engineering Journal on Research and Development Jurnal Konstruksi Paulus Civil Engineering Journal MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review Jurnal Surya Teknika
Sri Nur Akifa
Universitas Tadulako
Religion Humanities Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Engineering Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences Transportation

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Pengaruh Komposisi Campuran Multi-Variabel terhadap Kuat Tekan Mortar Geopolimer Fly Ash-GGBFS Novacharisma Vindiantri Verucha; Bayu Rahmat Ramadhan; Rezky Susmono Karuru; Sri Nur Akifa; Misel Boro Allo
Jurnal Konstruksi Vol 24 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Konstruksi
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Garut

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33364/konstruksi/v.24-1.3366

Abstract

Growing interest in sustainable construction materials has driven the utilization of industrial by-products, such as fly ash, as alternatives to Portland cement. However, Type F fly ash typically exhibits low calcium (CaO) content, resulting in slow geopolymerization and limited strength development under ambient curing conditions. This study investigates the combined influence of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) incorporation and multi-variable mix composition on the compressive strength development of fly ash-based geopolymer mortar.An experimental program based on a Taguchi L9 design was employed to systematically evaluate the effects of GGBFS content (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%), activator-to-binder ratios (0.30, 0.35, and 0.40), and aggregate-to-binder ratios (2.25, 2.50, and 2.75). Compressive strength was measured at 7, 14, and 28 days under ambient curing conditions and compared with conventional Portland cement mortar. The results indicate that GGBFS plays a dominant role in enhancing strength development by promoting the formation of hybrid C–A–S–H and N–A–S–H gels, which densify the microstructure and accelerate reaction kinetics.The fly ash-only mixture exhibited very low strength (0.82 MPa at 28 days), while mixtures incorporating GGBFS showed significant improvement. The optimal composition (D40G30A2.5) achieved a compressive strength of 28.81 MPa at 28 days, exceeding the Portland cement control (16.75 MPa). Statistical analysis further confirms that GGBFS content is the most influential parameter governing strength development, followed by activator dosage, while aggregate proportion has a relatively minor effect. This study contributes a systematic multi-parameter optimization framework for ambient-cured fly ash–GGBFS geopolymer mortar, demonstrating that 20–30% GGBFS incorporation enables practical strength development without the need for elevated temperature curing, thereby enhancing its applicability for real-world construction.
Effect of Multi-Variable Mix Composition on the Setting Time and Flow Properties of Fly Ash-GGBFS Geopolymer Mortar Bayu Rahmat Ramadhan; Andi Arham Adam; Sri Nur Akifa; Suci Amalia Namira Wahidin; Novacharisma Vindiantri Verucha; Misel Borro Allo
Borneo Engineering: Jurnal Teknik Sipil Volume 9 Nomor 2 Tahun 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Borneo Tarakan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35334/be.v9i2.310

Abstract

The development of eco-friendly construction materials increasingly emphasizes the utilization of industrial waste, with fly ash being a prominent alternative binder to Portland cement. However, Type F fly ash exhibits limitations due to its inherently low calcium (CaO) content, which results in slow geopolymerization reactivity and typically necessitates high-temperature curing to achieve optimal early strength. This research aims to optimize the utilization of 100% fly ash as a binder in geopolymer mortar by incorporating Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS). GGBFS serves as a source of reactive calcium, specifically to accelerate C-A-S-H gel formation. The alkaline activator used comprises NaOH and Na₂SiO₃ solutions, varied at specific ratios. The experimental program investigates the influence of three key parameters: GGBFS content (10%, 20%, and 30% by fly ash weight), activator/binder ratio (30%, 35%, and 40%), and aggregate/binder ratio (2.25, 2.5, and 2.75). The primary focus is to evaluate their effect on the fresh properties of geopolymer mortar, particularly flowability and setting time, under ambient curing conditions (without heat treatment). The findings of this study are expected to demonstrate that GGBFS addition significantly enhances early reactivity and facilitates the development of geopolymer mortar suitable for ambient temperature applications. This research is anticipated to contribute to the advancement of sustainable construction materials through the optimal utilization of industrial waste, especially for applications where high-temperature curing is impractical.
Co-Authors Adam, A.A. Andi Arham Adam Ani Susanti Arief Setiawan Bayu Rahmat Ramadhan Bayu Rahmat Ramadhan Boroallo Seril Dandan Haryono Irwan Waris Lilis Deviana Lonardya, C.J. Medi Tikara Misel Boro Allo Moh. Iqbal Rasyid Nirmalawati Novacharisma V. Verucha Payung, F.R. Rasyid, Moh. Iqbal Ratmadi Payung, Fritswel Rezky Susmono Karuru Said, Sugira Seril, Boroallo Suci Amalia Namira Wahidin Sugira Said Tiffani Mandasari Putri, Mantong Verucha, Novacharisma V. Verucha, Novacharisma Vindiantri Wahidin, Suci Amalia Namira William Arrang Sarungallo