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Journal : JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM)

Comparison of Continuous Percolation and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) Methods on Total Phenolic Content of 70% Ethanol Extract of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) Aditya Sindu Sakti; Fransisca Dita Mayangsari; Sri Bintang Sahara Mahaputra Kusuma Negara; Elasari Dwi Pratiwi; Sandrawati
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/dxzsgc71

Abstract

Background: Portulaca oleracea L., commonly known as Krokot, is rich in phenolic compounds with notable pharmacological benefits. Optimizing extraction methods is critical to maximize its bioactive potential. Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficiency of Continuous Percolation (CP) and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) in obtaining total phenolic content (TPC) from 70% ethanol extract of P. oleracea. Methods: Dried powdered P. oleracea was subjected to CP and UAE using a 1:10 (w/v) plant-to-solvent ratio. Qualitative screening with FeCl₃ confirmed the presence of phenolics. TPC was quantified using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, expressed as mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract. Statistical analysis included normality testing, Levene’s test, and the Mann–Whitney U test. Results: UAE yielded significantly higher TPC (420.04 ± 0.40 mg GAE/g) compared to CP (354.30 ± 0.00 mg GAE/g; p = 0.034), although CP produced a higher extract mass. Statistical results confirmed the superiority of UAE in selectively extracting phenolic constituents. Conclusion: UAE is more effective than CP in extracting phenolic compounds from P. oleracea, likely due to enhanced cavitation-induced mass transfer. This method is recommended for maximizing phenolic recovery in plant-based extractions, especially for thermolabile compounds.
Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) Based Gel as Patchouli Oil Delivery : Physical Characteristic and In Vivo Skin Irritation Test Mayangsari, Fransisca Dita; Aditya Sindu Sakti; Merry Anggelya Mentari
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/vc33d509

Abstract

Patchouli oil (PO) contained patchoulol, which has antioxidant activity, making it a valuable ingredient in anti-aging products. However, this oil is volatile and chemically unstable. Therefore, it needs to be formulated into a Nanostructured Lipid Carriers based gel (NBG). This study aims to observe the effect of PO’s concentration on the physical characteristics and skin irritation of NBG preparations. NBG consists of 50% NLC and 50% gel. There are three formulas observed in this study, namely NBG-0 (0% PO), NBG-2 (2% PO), NBG-4 (4% PO). NLC prepared using the High Shear Homogenization method. Based on the physical characteristics test, it is known that all formulas have differences in the aroma aspect, where NBG-0 odorless, while NBG-2 and NBG-4 have a patchouli scent. All formula do not have differences in color and consistency. All formula have a pH in the range of 5.92 - 6.21. Statistically, increasing the concentration of PO decreases the pH of NBG. The three formulas have a viscosity in the range of 4.493 - 9.880 cP. Statistically, viscosity of NBG increasased by increasing concentration of PO. Based on in vivo skin irritation tests using white mice, it is known that all formulas have the same IIP (Primary Irritation Index) value. Based on the study, it can be concluded that the concentration of PO (0%, 2%, 4%) affects the aroma, pH and viscosity aspects but does not affect the color and consistency of NBG. Increasing the PO concentration in NBG up to 4% did not cause skin irritation.