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DINAMIKA HUKUM ISLAM DALAM PERUBAHAN SOSIAL: TANTANGAN DAN PELUANG Kholik, Muhamad Abdul; Hermawan, Muhammad Zalfa Azmi
Causa: Jurnal Hukum dan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 9 No. 12 (2024): Causa: Jurnal Hukum dan Kewarganegaraan
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.3783/causa.v9i12.9398

Artikel ini mengeksplorasi dinamika hukum Islam dalam menghadapi perubahan sosial yang terjadi akibat modernisasi, globalisasi, dan kemajuan teknologi. Dengan pendekatan sosiologis, dan penelitian ini menggunakan juga penelitian fenomenologis yaitu penelitian terhadap fenomena tertentu di suatu masyarakat atau suatu kelompok artikel ini mengidentifikasi tantangan utama yang dihadapi hukum Islam, seperti pengaruh sekularisasi, dilema budaya global, dan isu-isu baru dalam teknologi digital. Di sisi lain, peluang yang muncul melalui mekanisme ijtihad, relevansi nilai-nilai Islam dalam isu global, serta peningkatan pendidikan hukum menjadi sorotan utama. Dengan fleksibilitas dan adaptabilitas yang tepat, hukum Islam dapat terus relevan dan memberikan kontribusi positif bagi masyarakat modern. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa kolaborasi antara ulama, akademisi, dan masyarakat luas merupakan kunci dalam menghadapi tantangan sekaligus memanfaatkan peluang dalam dinamika hukum Islam.

Analisis Sanksi Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan Berencana Dalam Putusan Nomor:305/PID.B/2024/PN RBI Perspektif Hukum Pidana Islam Kholik, Muhamad Abdul; Azazy, Yusup; Najmudin, Deden
Kartika: Jurnal Studi Keislaman Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Kartika: Jurnal Studi Keislaman (May)
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan Tinggi Nahdlatul Ulama (LPT NU) PCNU Kabupaten Nganjuk

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59240/kjsk.v5i1.142

The phenomenon of increasing cases of premeditated murder in Indonesia raises academic concerns about the effectiveness of criminal sanctions in providing a deterrent effect and fulfilling a sense of justice. This research is motivated by the discrepancy between the purpose of law that emphasizes social justice and the reality of many perpetrators who are not afraid of criminal threats. The main objective of this study is to analyze the sanctions for premeditated murder according to Indonesian positive law (KUHP), Islamic Criminal Law, and examine the legal considerations of the panel of judges in decision No. 305/Pid.B/2024/PN Rbi. The research method used is normative juridical with statutory, conceptual, and analytical approaches, as well as grammatical and systematic analysis techniques on secondary and primary data. This research is based on the theory of absolute, relative, and combined punishment in positive law, as well as the concepts of qishas, diyat, and ta'zir in Islamic Criminal Law. The results showed that the sentence of life imprisonment to the defendant was formally in accordance with the Criminal Code, but did not fully reflect justice in the perspective of Islamic Criminal Law which gives the victim's family the right to determine the form of sanctions. The implication of this research encourages the need for integration of substantive justice values in the national legal system in order to strengthen the legitimacy of severe criminal decisions

Identity Politics in The Scales of Fiqh Siyasah: an Analysis of The Concepts of Walayah and Kafa'ah in Public Leadership Zulfaidah, Rena; Kholik, Muhamad Abdul; Rajak, Rahmat
Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sharia Journal and Education Center Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62976/ijijel.v4i1.1646

Religious identity politics has become a controversial phenomenon in the political landscape of pluralistic countries, including Indonesia, often triggering polarization and testing the principles of democratic inclusivity. This study aims to analyze this phenomenon through the framework of Fiqh Siyasah (Islamic Constitutional Law), focusing on the dialectic between two main requirements of leadership Walāyah (authority/religious identity) and Kafā'ah (competence/managerial eligibility). Using a qualitative normative-philosophical literature study method, primary data in the form of the Qur'an and Hadith, as well as secondary data from classical and contemporary Fiqh Siyasah literature, were analyzed using the Usūl al-Fiqh and Maqāshid Syariah approaches. The results of the study show that Fiqh Siyasah demands the perfect integration of these two concepts. Shariah arguments establish Walāyah as a moral-theological commitment, but explicitly juxtapose it with Kafā'ah, which includes expertise, honesty, and managerial capacity as essential requirements for effective leadership (e.g., QS. Al-Qashash: 26). The tendency of modern identity politics is to absolutize formal Walāyah, thereby neglecting Kafā'ah. The Sharia implication of neglecting Kafā'ah is the emergence of collective damage (mafsadah) that threatens Maslahah 'Āmmah (public interest), including the destruction of unity (wahdah) and the emergence of incompetent leadership that fails to uphold universal justice ('Adalah). The conclusion of this study confirms that identity politics is only valid and constructive if it is directed at electing leaders with integrity and proven competence, making Kafā'ah a crucial consideration in Sharia law in order to realize the goal of Rahmatan lil 'Ālamīn.

Pergeseran Fungsi Hukum Pidana dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Indonesia: Dari Ultimum Remedium ke Political Control Kholik, Muhamad Abdul; Zulfaidah, Rena
Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Sharia Journal and Education Center Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62976/ijijel.v3i4.1670

Criminal law in Indonesia has undergone a significant transformation in line with the enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code (KUHP) and Law Number 20 of 2025 concerning the Integrated Criminal Justice System (SPPT). This study analyzes the shift in the function of criminal law from the principle of ultimum remedium to the practice of political control in the context of Indonesian constitutionality. Through normative legal research methods with analytical approaches and regulatory comparisons, the research reveals that although the 2023 Criminal Code and the 2025 Criminal Code are designed to modernize the Indonesian criminal law system in accordance with the values of Pancasila and international standards, in practice there has been a significant paradigm shift. Criminal law no longer functions solely as an ultimum remedium when other legal instruments fail, but has shifted to become a tool of political control and an instrument to achieve certain goals at the constitutional level. This shift is reflected in the development of new categories of criminal acts, expanding investigators' discretion, changes in the evidentiary system, and the use of criminal law instruments for the regulation of areas that are not traditionally the domain of criminal law. The research identifies three main dimensions of this shift: (1) the materialization of criminal law through massive criminalization; (2) procedural instruments that facilitate political control; and (3) the constitutional context that encourages the politicization of criminal law. The conclusion of the study shows that a paradigmatic reorientation is needed in understanding the function of criminal law in Indonesia, accompanied by concrete efforts to restore the principle of ultimum remedium, strengthen the rule of law, and build an effective check-and-balance in the Indonesian constitutional system.

Asas Praduga Tak Bersalah Sebagai Prinsip Konstitusional dalam Penegakan Hukum Pidana Kholik, Muhamad Abdul; Zulfaidah, Rena
Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sharia Journal and Education Center Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62976/ijijel.v4i1.1672

The principle of presumption of innocence is a fundamental constitutional principle in the modern criminal justice system and is one of the main pillars in protecting human rights. This study analyzes the position and implementation of the principle of presumption of innocence as a constitutional principle in the enforcement of Indonesian criminal law with a special focus on Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code (KUHP) and Law Number 20 of 2025 concerning the Integrated Criminal Justice System (SPPT), as a substitute for the Criminal Code. The research uses normative legal research methods with an analytical approach and comparison of the latest laws and regulations. The results of the study show that the 2023 Criminal Code and the new 2025 Criminal Code have provided more explicit and comprehensive recognition of the principle of presumption of innocence by integrating international human rights standards. However, its application in the field still faces significant challenges in the form of limited capacity of the apparatus, pressure of public opinion, and the gap between ideal norms and practical reality. The study concludes that continuous efforts are needed in increasing the capacity of law enforcement officials, socializing new regulations, and building a strong legal culture to optimally implement the principle of presumption of innocence in all stages of criminal law enforcement.

Urgensi Pembaharuan Hukum melalui Pendekatan Ius Constitutum dan Ius Constituendum pada Tindak Pidana dalam Kegiatan Bisnis di Indonesia Romadhoni, Kholid; Rosidin, Utang; Kholik, Muhamad Abdul; Alifi, Adif
AL-MUTSLA Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Al Mutsla
Publisher : STAIN MAJENE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46870/jstain.v7i2.1953

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis urgensi pembaruan hukum tindak pidana dalam kegiatan bisnis di Indonesia melalui pendekatan ius constitutum dan ius constituendum. Kajian diawali dengan pemetaan regulasi yang berlaku serta identifikasi kekosongan norma, tumpang tindih aturan, dan kelemahan penegakan hukum dalam sistem hukum positif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan analisis kasus untuk memahami kesenjangan antara pengaturan yang ada dan kebutuhan hukum modern. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa transformasi ekonomi digital, meningkatnya kompleksitas transaksi bisnis, dan berkembangnya pola kejahatan korporasi tidak diimbangi dengan perkembangan hukum pidana yang memadai. Berbagai undang-undang yang menjadi dasar pengaturan tindak pidana bisnis terbukti belum harmonis, belum responsif terhadap teknologi baru, serta lemah dalam mekanisme pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, penelitian ini merekomendasikan arah pembaruan hukum yang meliputi harmonisasi regulasi, penguatan sistem pemidanaan korporasi, penyesuaian norma berbasis teknologi digital, dan peningkatan koordinasi antarlembaga penegak hukum. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa reformasi hukum pidana bisnis merupakan kebutuhan mendesak untuk memastikan kepastian hukum, perlindungan terhadap pelaku usaha dan konsumen, serta stabilitas ekonomi nasional.

OPTIMALISASI FUNGSI WAKIL PRESIDEN DALAM STRUKTUR PEMERINTAHAN: KAJIAN KOMPARATIF KONSTITUSI INDONESIA DAN AMERIKA SERIKAT Sulastri, Dewi; Sanmas, Abu; Kholik, Muhamad Abdul
AL-MUTSLA Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Al Mutsla
Publisher : STAIN MAJENE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46870/jstain.v7i2.2059

Kedudukan wakil presiden dalam sistem pemerintahan presidensial selama ini masih mengalami ambiguitas, terutama di Indonesia. Meski diakui sebagai pembantu presiden dalam konstitusi, scope pekerjaan dan wewenang wakil presiden tidak dijabarkan secara konkret. Fenomena ini berbeda dengan Amerika Serikat di mana posisi wakil presiden memiliki peranan yang lebih terstruktur melalui konstitusi yang lebih detail. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis optimalisasi fungsi wakil presiden melalui kajian komparatif antara sistem pemerintahan Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan analisis dokumen konstitusional dan studi perbandingan hukum tata negara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan dalam pengaturan fungsi wakil presiden di kedua negara. Di Indonesia, posisi wakil presiden dibatasi pada peran pembantu dan penjaga kontinuitas pemerintahan, sementara di Amerika Serikat wakil presiden memiliki peran ganda sebagai ketua senat dan sebagai calon pengganti presiden dengan mekanisme yang lebih jelas. Temuan ini mengindikasikan perlunya reformasi konstitusional dan operasional untuk mengoptimalkan fungsi wakil presiden di Indonesia agar sistem checks and balances dapat berjalan lebih efektif. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan hukum tata negara komparatif dan memberikan rekomendasi praktis bagi penyempurnaan struktur pemerintahan Indonesia.

Social Engineering Melalui Hukum Pidana: Efektivitas UU ITE Dalam Mengubah Perilaku Komunikasi Digital Masyarakat Indonesia Kholik, Muhamad Abdul; Sulastri, Dewi
Ius Poenale Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25041/ip.v6i2.4741

The rapid expansion of digital communication in Indonesia, with 220 million internet users in 2025, has been accompanied by a surge in hoaxes and hate speech, including 103,000 negative contents during the 2024 election, prompting the need for adaptive criminal law as a tool of social engineering. This study examines Law No. 1 of 2024 as an instrument of social engineering in Roscoe Pound’s sense to shape digital communication behavior, using a normative legal method that integrates statutory analysis, conceptual theory, purposive cases, and comprehensive secondary data from court decisions and state reports. The findings show that revisions to key provisions of the ITE Law reduced hoaxes by 28 percent, increased verification behavior among 68 percent of users, and enabled the removal of 15,000 harmful contents, but persistent problems remain, including ambiguous norms, low digital literacy, enforcement disparities, and self-censorship. The study concludes that while the ITE Law is strategically important, it requires further reform to shift from a punitive to a transformative approach, and it recommends clearer norms, mandatory mediation, strengthened digital literacy, specialized cyber courts, and independent oversight to support a democratic and Pancasila-based digital ecosystem.

Peran Hati Nurani Hakim dalam Pemidanaan: Studi Normatif Hukum Pidana Indonesia dan Hukum Islam Kholik, Muhamad Abdul
Postmodernism: Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Islamic Studies Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Postmodernism_January_2026
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (LP2M) Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Miftahul Ula (STAIM) Kabupaten Nganjuk, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

This study analyzes the role of judges' conscience in sentencing from the perspective of Indonesian criminal law and Islamic law. Through a qualitative normative approach, this study explores how judges' conscience functions as an ethically reflective mechanism in the modern justice system that is often trapped in procedural simulations. The focus of the study includes three main aspects: (1) the conceptual framework of judges' conscience in Indonesia's positive criminal law, (2) the meaning of conscience in the perspective of Islamic criminal law, and (3) the operational mechanism and accountability of judges' conscience in criminal practice. Research has found that the judge's conscience has the dual function of being a guardian of justice and ethical reflection, but requires translation into rational and tested legal language. The findings of the study show that the integration of the concept of conscience with positive legal frameworks and Islamic principles can strengthen the legitimacy of criminal judgments while ensuring the accountability of judges. The implications of this research are relevant for the development of criminal guidelines that accommodate the ethical dimension without sacrificing legal certainty

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