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DINAMIKA HUKUM ISLAM DALAM PERUBAHAN SOSIAL: TANTANGAN DAN PELUANG Kholik, Muhamad Abdul; Hermawan, Muhammad Zalfa Azmi
Causa: Jurnal Hukum dan Kewarganegaraan Vol. 9 No. 12 (2024): Causa: Jurnal Hukum dan Kewarganegaraan
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.3783/causa.v9i12.9398

Artikel ini mengeksplorasi dinamika hukum Islam dalam menghadapi perubahan sosial yang terjadi akibat modernisasi, globalisasi, dan kemajuan teknologi. Dengan pendekatan sosiologis, dan penelitian ini menggunakan juga penelitian fenomenologis yaitu penelitian terhadap fenomena tertentu di suatu masyarakat atau suatu kelompok artikel ini mengidentifikasi tantangan utama yang dihadapi hukum Islam, seperti pengaruh sekularisasi, dilema budaya global, dan isu-isu baru dalam teknologi digital. Di sisi lain, peluang yang muncul melalui mekanisme ijtihad, relevansi nilai-nilai Islam dalam isu global, serta peningkatan pendidikan hukum menjadi sorotan utama. Dengan fleksibilitas dan adaptabilitas yang tepat, hukum Islam dapat terus relevan dan memberikan kontribusi positif bagi masyarakat modern. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa kolaborasi antara ulama, akademisi, dan masyarakat luas merupakan kunci dalam menghadapi tantangan sekaligus memanfaatkan peluang dalam dinamika hukum Islam.

Analisis Sanksi Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan Berencana Dalam Putusan Nomor:305/PID.B/2024/PN RBI Perspektif Hukum Pidana Islam Kholik, Muhamad Abdul; Azazy, Yusup; Najmudin, Deden
Kartika: Jurnal Studi Keislaman Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Kartika: Jurnal Studi Keislaman (May)
Publisher : Lembaga Pendidikan Tinggi Nahdlatul Ulama (LPT NU) PCNU Kabupaten Nganjuk

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59240/kjsk.v5i1.142

The phenomenon of increasing cases of premeditated murder in Indonesia raises academic concerns about the effectiveness of criminal sanctions in providing a deterrent effect and fulfilling a sense of justice. This research is motivated by the discrepancy between the purpose of law that emphasizes social justice and the reality of many perpetrators who are not afraid of criminal threats. The main objective of this study is to analyze the sanctions for premeditated murder according to Indonesian positive law (KUHP), Islamic Criminal Law, and examine the legal considerations of the panel of judges in decision No. 305/Pid.B/2024/PN Rbi. The research method used is normative juridical with statutory, conceptual, and analytical approaches, as well as grammatical and systematic analysis techniques on secondary and primary data. This research is based on the theory of absolute, relative, and combined punishment in positive law, as well as the concepts of qishas, diyat, and ta'zir in Islamic Criminal Law. The results showed that the sentence of life imprisonment to the defendant was formally in accordance with the Criminal Code, but did not fully reflect justice in the perspective of Islamic Criminal Law which gives the victim's family the right to determine the form of sanctions. The implication of this research encourages the need for integration of substantive justice values in the national legal system in order to strengthen the legitimacy of severe criminal decisions

Identity Politics in The Scales of Fiqh Siyasah: an Analysis of The Concepts of Walayah and Kafa'ah in Public Leadership Zulfaidah, Rena; Kholik, Muhamad Abdul; Rajak, Rahmat
Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sharia Journal and Education Center Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62976/ijijel.v4i1.1646

Religious identity politics has become a controversial phenomenon in the political landscape of pluralistic countries, including Indonesia, often triggering polarization and testing the principles of democratic inclusivity. This study aims to analyze this phenomenon through the framework of Fiqh Siyasah (Islamic Constitutional Law), focusing on the dialectic between two main requirements of leadership Walāyah (authority/religious identity) and Kafā'ah (competence/managerial eligibility). Using a qualitative normative-philosophical literature study method, primary data in the form of the Qur'an and Hadith, as well as secondary data from classical and contemporary Fiqh Siyasah literature, were analyzed using the Usūl al-Fiqh and Maqāshid Syariah approaches. The results of the study show that Fiqh Siyasah demands the perfect integration of these two concepts. Shariah arguments establish Walāyah as a moral-theological commitment, but explicitly juxtapose it with Kafā'ah, which includes expertise, honesty, and managerial capacity as essential requirements for effective leadership (e.g., QS. Al-Qashash: 26). The tendency of modern identity politics is to absolutize formal Walāyah, thereby neglecting Kafā'ah. The Sharia implication of neglecting Kafā'ah is the emergence of collective damage (mafsadah) that threatens Maslahah 'Āmmah (public interest), including the destruction of unity (wahdah) and the emergence of incompetent leadership that fails to uphold universal justice ('Adalah). The conclusion of this study confirms that identity politics is only valid and constructive if it is directed at electing leaders with integrity and proven competence, making Kafā'ah a crucial consideration in Sharia law in order to realize the goal of Rahmatan lil 'Ālamīn.

Pergeseran Fungsi Hukum Pidana dalam Sistem Ketatanegaraan Indonesia: Dari Ultimum Remedium ke Political Control Kholik, Muhamad Abdul; Zulfaidah, Rena
Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : Sharia Journal and Education Center Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62976/ijijel.v3i4.1670

Criminal law in Indonesia has undergone a significant transformation in line with the enactment of Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code (KUHP) and Law Number 20 of 2025 concerning the Integrated Criminal Justice System (SPPT). This study analyzes the shift in the function of criminal law from the principle of ultimum remedium to the practice of political control in the context of Indonesian constitutionality. Through normative legal research methods with analytical approaches and regulatory comparisons, the research reveals that although the 2023 Criminal Code and the 2025 Criminal Code are designed to modernize the Indonesian criminal law system in accordance with the values of Pancasila and international standards, in practice there has been a significant paradigm shift. Criminal law no longer functions solely as an ultimum remedium when other legal instruments fail, but has shifted to become a tool of political control and an instrument to achieve certain goals at the constitutional level. This shift is reflected in the development of new categories of criminal acts, expanding investigators' discretion, changes in the evidentiary system, and the use of criminal law instruments for the regulation of areas that are not traditionally the domain of criminal law. The research identifies three main dimensions of this shift: (1) the materialization of criminal law through massive criminalization; (2) procedural instruments that facilitate political control; and (3) the constitutional context that encourages the politicization of criminal law. The conclusion of the study shows that a paradigmatic reorientation is needed in understanding the function of criminal law in Indonesia, accompanied by concrete efforts to restore the principle of ultimum remedium, strengthen the rule of law, and build an effective check-and-balance in the Indonesian constitutional system.

Asas Praduga Tak Bersalah Sebagai Prinsip Konstitusional dalam Penegakan Hukum Pidana Kholik, Muhamad Abdul; Zulfaidah, Rena
Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sharia Journal and Education Center Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62976/ijijel.v4i1.1672

The principle of presumption of innocence is a fundamental constitutional principle in the modern criminal justice system and is one of the main pillars in protecting human rights. This study analyzes the position and implementation of the principle of presumption of innocence as a constitutional principle in the enforcement of Indonesian criminal law with a special focus on Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code (KUHP) and Law Number 20 of 2025 concerning the Integrated Criminal Justice System (SPPT), as a substitute for the Criminal Code. The research uses normative legal research methods with an analytical approach and comparison of the latest laws and regulations. The results of the study show that the 2023 Criminal Code and the new 2025 Criminal Code have provided more explicit and comprehensive recognition of the principle of presumption of innocence by integrating international human rights standards. However, its application in the field still faces significant challenges in the form of limited capacity of the apparatus, pressure of public opinion, and the gap between ideal norms and practical reality. The study concludes that continuous efforts are needed in increasing the capacity of law enforcement officials, socializing new regulations, and building a strong legal culture to optimally implement the principle of presumption of innocence in all stages of criminal law enforcement.

Urgensi Pembaharuan Hukum melalui Pendekatan Ius Constitutum dan Ius Constituendum pada Tindak Pidana dalam Kegiatan Bisnis di Indonesia Romadhoni, Kholid; Rosidin, Utang; Kholik, Muhamad Abdul; Alifi, Adif
AL-MUTSLA Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Al Mutsla
Publisher : STAIN MAJENE

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46870/jstain.v7i2.1953

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis urgensi pembaruan hukum tindak pidana dalam kegiatan bisnis di Indonesia melalui pendekatan ius constitutum dan ius constituendum. Kajian diawali dengan pemetaan regulasi yang berlaku serta identifikasi kekosongan norma, tumpang tindih aturan, dan kelemahan penegakan hukum dalam sistem hukum positif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan analisis kasus untuk memahami kesenjangan antara pengaturan yang ada dan kebutuhan hukum modern. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa transformasi ekonomi digital, meningkatnya kompleksitas transaksi bisnis, dan berkembangnya pola kejahatan korporasi tidak diimbangi dengan perkembangan hukum pidana yang memadai. Berbagai undang-undang yang menjadi dasar pengaturan tindak pidana bisnis terbukti belum harmonis, belum responsif terhadap teknologi baru, serta lemah dalam mekanisme pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, penelitian ini merekomendasikan arah pembaruan hukum yang meliputi harmonisasi regulasi, penguatan sistem pemidanaan korporasi, penyesuaian norma berbasis teknologi digital, dan peningkatan koordinasi antarlembaga penegak hukum. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa reformasi hukum pidana bisnis merupakan kebutuhan mendesak untuk memastikan kepastian hukum, perlindungan terhadap pelaku usaha dan konsumen, serta stabilitas ekonomi nasional.

Peran Hati Nurani Hakim dalam Pemidanaan: Studi Normatif Hukum Pidana Indonesia dan Hukum Islam Kholik, Muhamad Abdul
Postmodernism: Indonesian Journal of Multidisciplinary Islamic Studies Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): Postmodernism_January_2026
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (LP2M) Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Miftahul Ula (STAIM) Kabupaten Nganjuk, Indonesia.

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This study analyzes the role of judges' conscience in sentencing from the perspective of Indonesian criminal law and Islamic law. Through a qualitative normative approach, this study explores how judges' conscience functions as an ethically reflective mechanism in the modern justice system that is often trapped in procedural simulations. The focus of the study includes three main aspects: (1) the conceptual framework of judges' conscience in Indonesia's positive criminal law, (2) the meaning of conscience in the perspective of Islamic criminal law, and (3) the operational mechanism and accountability of judges' conscience in criminal practice. Research has found that the judge's conscience has the dual function of being a guardian of justice and ethical reflection, but requires translation into rational and tested legal language. The findings of the study show that the integration of the concept of conscience with positive legal frameworks and Islamic principles can strengthen the legitimacy of criminal judgments while ensuring the accountability of judges. The implications of this research are relevant for the development of criminal guidelines that accommodate the ethical dimension without sacrificing legal certainty

Harmonisasi Sanksi Administratif dan Sanksi Pidana Terhadap Pejabat Publik yang Terlibat Konflik Kepentingan (Conflict of Interest) dalam Pengadaan Barang dan Jasa Zulfaidah, Rena; Kholik, Muhamad Abdul; Maulana, Ade
Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sharia Journal and Education Center Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62976/ijijel.v4i1.1716

This research examines the urgency of harmonizing administrative and criminal sanctions in addressing the phenomenon of conflict of interest in government procurement processes in Indonesia. The primary issue raised is the overlap of norms between administrative law and criminal law, which frequently leads to the criminalization of public officials' policies. Utilizing normative legal research methods with statutory and conceptual approaches, this study analyzes the intersection between maladministration and office-related offenses. The results indicate that the absence of clear boundaries regarding abuse of power leads to legal uncertainty and hampers bureaucratic effectiveness. As a solution, this research proposes a Dual-Track System model that integrates the role of the Internal Government Oversight Apparatus (APIP) and administrative courts as a filter before entering the criminal realm. This model emphasizes the recovery of state losses and the use of digital technology to detect interest affiliations early. This harmonization is expected to achieve proportional justice, where criminal law remains positioned as an ultimum remedium without neglecting firmness against clear corrupt practices.

Dilema Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Pejabat Negara dalam Negara Hukum Demokratis Kholik, Muhamad Abdul; Zulfaidah, Rena; Septiani, Ernida
Interdisciplinary Explorations in Research Journal Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : PT. Sharia Journal and Education Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62976/ierj.v3i3.1707

This article aims to analyze the dilemma of criminal liability of public officials within the framework of a democratic rule of law, particularly concerning the phenomenon of criminalization of public policies in Indonesia. The main issues examined include the conceptual boundaries between policy errors and criminal acts, the problems in applying criminal law to public policies, and the formulation of an ideal and just model of criminal liability for public officials. This research employs a normative juridical method with conceptual, statutory, and case approaches by analyzing the New Indonesian Criminal Code, relevant regulations, and legal doctrines in criminal and administrative law. The results show that criminal prosecution of public officials is often conducted without clear parameters, leading to fear in decision-making and hindering bureaucratic innovation. It is found that state financial loss alone cannot automatically serve as a basis for criminal liability without proof of fault, abuse of authority, and malicious intent. The study emphasizes the importance of separating legal regimes between administrative, civil, and criminal law by placing criminal law as ultimum remedium. The ideal model proposed is a criminal liability system based on constitutional parameters that require proof of mens rea, intentional abuse of authority, and personal benefit. The study concludes that law enforcement against public officials must be carried out proportionally and fairly to prevent the criminalization of policies while still ensuring accountability for officials who genuinely commit criminal acts.

Konstitusionalitas Penerapan Sanksi Pidana terhadap Kebijakan Publik yang Berimplikasi Pidana Kholik, Muhamad Abdul; Zulfaidah, Rena; Hakim, Subqi Muhammad Fadhilah
Interdisciplinary Explorations in Research Journal Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : PT. Sharia Journal and Education Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62976/ierj.v4i1.1709

This study examines the constitutionality of imposing criminal sanctions on public policies that have criminal implications. The research is motivated by the increasing phenomenon of policy criminalization, which has created legal uncertainty for public officials in performing governmental duties. The objectives of this study are to analyze the constitutional limits of criminal liability in public policy, to identify the legal problems arising from the criminalization of policy, and to formulate an ideal model for the application of criminal sanctions in accordance with the principles of the rule of law. This research employs a normative legal method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Legal materials were analyzed qualitatively through library research involving legislation, legal doctrines, and relevant court decisions. The findings reveal that not every public policy resulting in loss can be criminalized, but must meet constitutional parameters such as the existence of mens rea, abuse of authority, real and measurable loss, and clear violation of law. The practice of criminalizing public policy generates various problems, including over-criminalization, chilling effects on decision-making, and conflicts between administrative discretion and criminal law enforcement. This study concludes that the application of criminal sanctions to public policy must be positioned as ultimum remedium through the synchronization of administrative law, constitutional law, and criminal law. The proposed ideal model emphasizes the prioritization of administrative sanctions and the formulation of clear legal parameters to ensure that law enforcement remains constitutional, proportional, and supportive of effective governance.

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