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All Journal International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS) International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS) International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET) International Review of Practical Innovation, Technology and Green Energy (IRPITAGE) Journal of Accounting Research, Utility Finance and Digital Assets (JARUDA) International Conference on Health Science, Green Economics, Educational Review and Technology (IHERT) Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy
Shabir Ahmad Lone
Unknown Affiliation
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Environmental Science Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Social Sciences Other

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PATRONAGE OF LEARNING AND THE ARTS IN MEDIEVAL KASHMIR: SULTAN ZAIN-UL-ABIDIN AND THE CULTURAL RENAISSANCE OF THE VALLEY Shabir Ahmad Lone
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025): December
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59733/jishup.v3i4.168

Abstract

Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin (1420–1470 A.D.), popularly known as Budshah, is regarded as the most enlightened ruler of the Kashmir Sultanate. His long reign marked a decisive phase in the political stability, cultural florescence, and socio-economic development of medieval Kashmir. This study examines the multidimensional contributions of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin, focusing on his administrative efficiency, public works, educational reforms, patronage of arts and crafts, and policy of religious tolerance. Drawing upon Persian chronicles such as Rajatarangini Dvitiya by Jonaraja and Rajatarangini Tritiya by Srivara, the paper situates his governance within both historical documentation and popular memory. The Sultan adopted a welfare-oriented approach to governance by initiating extensive public works, including irrigation canals, bridges across the Jhelum River, artificial islands in Dal Lake, hospitals, dispensaries, caravanserais, and planned urban centres like Zainapura. These measures significantly strengthened agriculture, trade, and public welfare. His commitment to education was equally remarkable; he established schools, colleges, hostels, and a royal library, sponsored translations of classical Sanskrit texts into Persian, and encouraged learning across social groups. Under his patronage, Kashmir emerged as a major centre of scholarship, attracting scholars, poets, and intellectuals from Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent. Zain-ul-Abidin also played a pivotal role in reviving and institutionalising arts and crafts such as carpet weaving, shawl making, papier-machie, wood carving, metalwork, papermaking, and bookbinding, laying the foundation of Kashmir’s renowned handicraft tradition. His religious policy, marked by tolerance and inclusivity, abolished discriminatory practices against non-Muslims and fostered interfaith harmony, contributing to the evolution of Kashmiriyat. Despite facing natural calamities and internal political challenges, his reign remained a model of benevolent and just kingship, the legacy of which continues to inspire Kashmiri society.
Islamic Governance and Inclusive Harmony: A Study of Minority Rights and Justice Javad Ahmad Mir; Iqbal Malik; Shabir Ahmad Lone
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59733/jishup.v4i1.182

Abstract

This paper explores the complex issue of social equality in Islamic states, with special focus on the role of minority rights in building peaceful and inclusive societies. Drawing on Islamic teachings, the study examines how different identities can coexist within a single social framework while maintaining justice and harmony. It engages with the ideas of scholars such as Abdul Aziz Sachedina, Beyza Tekin, and Abdullah Saeed, who have written extensively on justice, inclusion, and minority rights in Islam. The concept of “inclusive harmony” is presented as a social balance in which minority rights are not seen as favors, but as a natural and essential part of a just society. Using legal, philosophical, and sociological perspectives, the research analyzes laws, policies, and social attitudes in Islamic countries. Insights from Abdullah Ahmed An-Na’im on Islam and the secular state further help explain the challenges and possibilities of applying Islamic principles in modern governance. Overall, the study aims to offer a balanced understanding of diversity, justice, and inclusivity in Islamic societies.
THE MYSTICAL LANDSCAPE OF TUJJAR SHARIEF: A STUDY OF ZIYARAT MAQDOOMI SAHIB Shabir Ahmad Lone; Rifat Shabir
Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): March
Publisher : PT. Radja Intercontinental Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59733/jishup.v4i1.183

Abstract

Ziyarat Maqdoomi Sahib, situated at Tujjar Sharief in the Sopore–Zaingeer region of north Kashmir, is one of the most respected Sufi shrines of the area. It is associated with Hazrat Sheikh Hamza Makhdoom (RA), popularly known as Maqdoomi Sahib, and reflects the strong Sufi traditions and shared cultural values of Kashmir. Since medieval times, the shrine has served not only as a place of prayer but also as a centre for spiritual learning, moral teachings, and social unity. Devotees from different parts of Kashmir visit the shrine regularly, regardless of their social or economic background. Daily prayers and annual religious gatherings highlight the living Sufi spirit of humility, devotion, and compassion. The calm natural surroundings and simple architecture add to its peaceful and spiritual environment. Culturally and socially, the shrine has helped preserve local traditions, oral stories, and devotional practices, while promoting communal harmony. Today, it also holds potential for pilgrimage and cultural tourism if developed carefully, ensuring that its spiritual character is protected. This paper examines the historical background and legacy of Ziyarat Maqdoomi sahib, a famous shrine in the Tujjar Sharief Zaingeer, Sopore Baramulla District of Kashmir Valley.
ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF ANCIENT KASHMIR DURING KARKOTA DYNASTY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO LALITADITYA MUKTAPIDA (724-761 A.D) Shabir Ahmad Lone
International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology (IJSET) Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): JANUARY
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18958764

Abstract

The Karkota dynasty of Kashmir reached its zenith under the reign of Lalitaditya Muktapida (724–761 A.D.), widely regarded as its most illustrious ruler. His reign marked a golden age in the political, cultural, and artistic history of Kashmir. Lalitaditya’s achievements were remarkable not only for his extensive military campaigns, which earned him enduring historical recognition, but also for his enlightened governance. He pursued a policy of religious tolerance, extending patronage to both Buddhism and Brahmanism by commissioning temples, monasteries, and viharas that became important centres of learning. Scholars from within and beyond the region were welcomed and generously supported, fostering a vibrant intellectual environment. The administration undertook significant public works, including the improvement of infrastructure, irrigation facilities, and relief measures during natural calamities. Charitable institutions ensured regular support for the poor and destitute. Often described by historians as the “Alexander of Kashmiri history” or the “Samudragupta of Kashmir,” Lalitaditya presided over a flourishing of art, architecture, culture, and learning. This study examines the artistic and architectural traditions of the Karkota period, emphasizing their enduring significance within India’s cultural heritage.
Co-Authors Dr. E.Ravi Dr. Hilal Ahmad Parray E. Ravi Hilal Ahmad Parray Iqbal Malik Irshad Ahmad Reshi Jahangeer Mohi Ud Din Javad Ahmad Mir Kulatunga Mudiyanselage Rohitha Dasanayaka Mohammad Ishaq Lone Nadeem Akhtar4 Nusrat ul Islam Itoo Nusrat-ul-Islam Itoo Prince Raina R Abida Begum R. Abida Begum Rawnaq Ara Parvin Rifat Shabir S. Nazeemunnisa Begum Sarfaraz Ahmad Rather Shamweel Iqbal Dar V.Thirumurugan