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Early Colony Growth of the Stingless Bee Heterotrigona itama After Transfer to Cultivation Boxes in Three Types of Anthropogenic Landscapes Elpe Bibas; Fitriyan Kurnia
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): June
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v14i2.19645

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate changes in colony weight during the first ten weeks after transfer to cultivation boxes and to assess nest-external activity (foraging) across mixed-garden, suburban, and urban landscapes. A total of 27 colonies were observed over ten weeks. Colony growth was measured based on changes in colony weight, whereas worker activity was recorded using video observations. The data were analyzed using Linear Mixed Models (LMMs) and Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs). The results showed that time since placement in the cultivation boxes (LMM: χ² = 17.17; p < 0.001) and its interaction with landscape type (LMM: χ² = 22.13; p < 0.001) had significant effects on changes in colony weight. Colonies in mixed-garden landscapes showed more progressive weight gain, reaching 654.82 ± 81.96 g in week 8 and 737.20 ± 108.37 g in week 10, whereas colonies in suburban and urban landscapes tended to remain stagnant. Landscape type had no significant effect on foraging activity (p > 0.05). In contrast, time had a significant effect on the number of workers carrying nectar (GLMM: χ² = 9.30; p = 0.0023) and resin (GLMM: χ² = 10.23; p = 0.0014). Nectar-carrying activity increased and peaked between weeks 8 and 9, whereas resin-carrying activity was higher during the early weeks and declined in subsequent weeks. Under the specific locations and observation period of this study, mixed-garden landscapes provided more favorable conditions for the early growth of H. itama colonies than suburban and urban landscapes.
Culturable Microbial Abundance and Morphotypes in Stingless Bee Honey from Urban and Rural Landscapes Fitriyan Kurnia; Elpe Bibas; Muftiah Yasi Dwi Wahyuni; Etha Marista; Adityo Raynaldo; Nur Exsanty Rembulan; Jani Putri Rara; Riza Linda
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Juli - September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i3.12128

Abstract

Stingless bee honey contains culturable microorganisms that may vary with floral resources, hive conditions, handling, and surrounding landscapes. This descriptive study compared total culturable counts and colony/cell morphotypes in Heterotrigona itama honey collected from one urban site in Pontianak and one rural site in Ambawang, Kubu Raya. Honey was serially diluted, cultured on Glucose Peptone Agar, and characterized using colony morphology, Gram staining, and endospore observations. Total Plate Count (TPC) values varied among isolates within each landscape: urban isolates ranged from 1.98 × 105 to 1.12 × 106 CFU/mL, while rural isolates ranged from 8.9 × 104 to 2.2 × 105 CFU/mL.  Urban cultures included bacterial and yeast-like morphotypes, whereas rural cultures were represented by Gram-positive, non-spore-forming bacterial morphotypes. These observations describe culturable abundance and morphology but do not establish taxonomic identity, community diversity, or a causal landscape effect because site replication, molecular identification, physicochemical covariates, and inferential statistics were not reported. The study provides preliminary data that can guide replicated surveys combining culture-based and sequencing approaches.