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The Passive Optical Network (PON) Technologies in FTTH Implementation: English Dzikri Daud; Virgiandra Ariansyach Putra; Taqi Mundzir Burhanudin; Ahmad Bura Jilana; Ayu Mika Sherila
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Electronics Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): 2. January 2026 Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Electronics
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering - Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54378/ijeee.v3i1.11576

Abstract

The development of high-speed internet service needs encourages the implementation of fiber optic-based network technology, especially Fiber To The Home (FTTH). Passive Optical Network (PON) technology is the main foundation in providing this service, with various variants such as EPON, GPON, XG-PON, and NG-PON2. This study comprehensively discusses the technical characteristics, performance, and implementation challenges of each of these technologies. The results of the analysis show that GPON is still the main choice because of its efficiency and support for existing infrastructure, while XG-PON and NG-PON2 offer higher capacity but face challenges in terms of cost and technical complexity. Performance evaluation based on parameters such as Power Link Budget, Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), and Bit Error Rate (BER) shows that XG-PON has better network performance than GPON, while NG-PON2 excels in capacity and service flexibility with TWDM technology. This study provides insight into selecting the right PON technology based on capacity needs, geographic conditions, and resource constraints, and encourages the development of sustainable FTTH infrastructure in the digital era. Keywords: FTTH, GPON, XG-PON, NG-PON2, TWDM, PON, Power Link Budget
Doubled Curved MIMO Antenna with Decoupling Ring Structure and DGS For Wi-Fi Based Wearable IoT Application Ayu Mika Sherila; Teuku Rifath Abizar
Journal of Telecommunication Electronics and Control Engineering (JTECE) Vol 8 No 2 (2026): Journal of Telecommunication, Electronics, and Control Engineering (JTECE) (In Pr
Publisher : LPPM INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI TELKOM PURWOKERTO

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20895/jtece.v8i2.2094

Abstract

The swift evolution of wireless communication technologies and the Internet of Things (IoT) has intensified the demand for wearable devices that can deliver high-speed and dependable connectivity. Wearable systems, including smart textiles and body-centric communication platforms, demand compact and low-profile antennas that can sustain stable performance under body motion and in close proximity to the human body. This work proposes a double-curved MIMO microstrip antenna operating at 5.3 GHz, specifically designed for wearable IoT applications. The antenna architecture incorporates a decoupling ring structure in conjunction with a Defected Ground Structure (DGS) to effectively suppress mutual coupling and improve overall electromagnetic performance. A jeans-based textile substrate with dimensions of 48 × 32 mm is utilized in the antenna fabrication, offering flexibility while maintaining mechanical robustness. Measurement results demonstrate excellent impedance matching with an S11 of −30.62 dB, high isolation characterized by an S21 of −45.67 dB, and a peak gain of 3.57 dB. The combined implementation of the DGS and decoupling ring structure significantly enhances the antenna bandwidth and radiation efficiency without compromising its compact form factor. These results confirm the suitability of the proposed antenna for wearable IoT and Wi-Fi applications requiring stable and efficient operation around the 5.3 GHz frequency band. Moreover, the presented design approach provides a viable framework for the development of future flexible and high-performance antenna systems for next-generation wireless communication technologies.