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All Journal JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM) Jurnal EduHealth The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Iin Widya Ningsi
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Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Veterinary

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Comparison Of Polyphenol Antioxidant Levels In Fig Plant Leaves, Skin, And Flesh Using The DPPH Method Annisa Ancha; Rachmat Faisal Syamsu; Iin Widya Ningsi; Armanto Makmun; Andi Millaty Halifah Dirgahayu Lantara
Jurnal EduHealth Vol. 16 No. 01 (2025): Jurnal EduHealt, Edition January - March, 2025
Publisher : Sean Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Fig plants (Ficus carica) are known to have potential as a source of antioxidants, especially from the polyphenol content found in the leaves, skin, and fruit flesh. This study aims to compare the antioxidant activity of polyphenols in three parts of the fig plant using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) test method to measure free radical inhibition. Extraction was carried out using 96% ethanol, and antioxidant activity was tested at concentrations of less than 100 ppm. The results showed that fig leaves had the highest antioxidant activity with an inhibition percentage of 75.991%, followed by fig flesh at 56.559%, and fig skin at 48.925%. ANOVA test analysis showed significant differences between the three parts of the plant with a significance value of p of 0.004 (<0.05), which confirmed that fig leaves have higher antioxidant potential than the skin and fruit flesh. This study provides useful information for the development of fig-based health products.
Unit Cost Of Inpatient And Outpatient Services In The JKN Era Aslina; Hermiaty Nasruddin; Iin Widya Ningsi
The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research Vol. 13 No. 4 (2025): The International Journal of Medical Science and Health Research
Publisher : International Medical Journal Corp. Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70070/2yav7690

Abstract

Background: Since the implementation of the National Health Insurance (JKN) in 2014, Indonesia's healthcare financing system has undergone significant changes, introducing a capitation scheme for primary care and INA-CBG's for referral care. This study reviews literature from 2020 to 2025 concerning the calculation of unit costs for inpatient and outpatient services within the JKN framework. The primary focus is on the alignment between tariffs and the factors influencing cost variations among healthcare facilities. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted by searching electronic databases using relevant keywords. Qualitative analysis synthesized comparisons between unit costs and JKN tariffs, as well as the determinants of cost variability. The THUMB approach (Time, Human Resources, Material, Budget) is also discussed as a costing method. Results: Inpatient unit costs generally tend to be higher than INA-CBG's tariffs, resulting in a cost gap that requires careful management. Activity-Based Costing (ABC) provides more accurate cost estimations compared to the less precise THUMB method. Demographic factors, operational efficiency, and clinical management contribute to differences in costs across facilities. Optimizing the role of case managers and conducting periodic tariff evaluations are recommended to ensure the sustainability of the system. Conclusion: Effective unit cost management and the application of appropriate costing methods are crucial for achieving efficiency, equity, and quality of care within the JKN era.
Antibacterial Activity Test of 96% Ethanol Extract of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) Against the Growth of StreptococcusPneumoniae Bacteria Harry Nugraha Bachtiar; Irna Diyana Kartika Kamaluddin; Iin Widya Ningsi; Adriani; Dwi Anggita
Jurnal FARMASIMED (JFM) Vol 8 No 1 (2025): Jurnal Farmasimed (JFM)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35451/6z84gr80

Abstract

Abstract Background: Pneumonia is an infectious disease with a high global prevalence that contributes significantly to mortality in children and adults. Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum), a traditional Indonesian medicinal plant, has been identified as having antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Some of its natural constituents, such as flavonoids, have shown antimicrobial activity with a low toxicity profile. Therefore, the phytochemical content in red ginger is assumed to be able to combat Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria, which is one of the main etiologies of Pneumonia. Objective: Evaluating the potential of 96% ethanol extract of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) as an antimicrobial agent in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Method: This study applied a true experimental approach with a post-test design to evaluate the effectiveness of 96% ethanol extract of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) as an agent that inhibits the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. The method used was the disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer). Results: The study showed that the ethanol extract of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) exhibited antibacterial activity; however, its effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae was not significant.Conclusion: The 96% ethanol extract of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) demonstrated resistance, showing only minimal inhibitory activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae. This condition contrasts with the positive control, chloramphenicol, which produced a significant inhibition zone and was categorized as sensitive. Therefore, the effectiveness of red ginger extract in inhibiting the growth of this bacterium is considerably lower than that of chloramphenicol.
Co-Authors Adriani Andi Millaty Halifah Dirgahayu Lantara Annisa Ancha Armanto Makmun Aslina Dwi Anggita Harry Nugraha Bachtiar Hermiaty Nasruddin Irna Diyana Kartika Kamaluddin Rachmat Faisal Syamsu