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Analisis Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Pembiayaan Bermasalah pada Akad Murabahah dan Proses Penyelesaiannya Di BMT Harapan Ummat Tulungagung Rifai, Mohammad Saiful; Nurwahyuni; Chosinawarotin
AL-UJRAH Vol 3 No 02 (2024): Al-Ujrah: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam
Publisher : Prodi Ekomoni Syariah STAI Al Akbar Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62589/alujrah.v3i02.310

Abstract

Abstrak Jumlah penduduk Indonesia yang mencapai lebih dari 280 juta tidak diikuti dengan banyaknya lapangan kerja yang. Kesulitan mendapatkan pekerjaan menyebabkan banyaknya pengangguran. Hal ini mengharuskan masyarakat untuk lebih kreatif dalam mendapatkan penghasilan, salah satunya dengan berbisnis. Untuk menjalankan bisnis tentu dibutuhkan modal yang cukup besar, apalagi harga-harga semakin meningkat. Murabahah merupakan salah satu solusi yang dapat digunakan untuk mengatasi hal ini. Murabahah adalah akad jual beli antara nasabah dengan pihak perbankan dengan nilai margin yang disepakati bersama. BMT Harapan Ummat Tulungagung merupakan salah satu lembaga keuangan yang menyediakan layanan ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui standar penilaian kelayakan persetujuan pembiayaan murabahah, faktor-faktor penyebab pembiayaan bermasalah, dan tahapan penyelesaiannya. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan fenomenologis dengan jenis penelitian lapangan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa penilaian kelayakan calon nasabah dalam pengajuan pembiayaan dengan menggunakan prinsip 5C. Pertama Character dinilai dari hasil wawancara dengan nasabah dan cross check ke lingkungan tempat tinggalnya. Kedua Collateral yaitu setiap pembiayaan harus disertai barang jaminan seperti sertipikat tanah atau bangunan, SK ASN bagi pegawai negeri, atau BPKB baik motor atau mobil. Ketiga Capacity dinilai dari dokumen laporan keuangan perusahaan, slip gaji, status kepegawaian, dan wawancara serta survei lokasi usaha bagi nasabah non karyawan. Keempat Condition dinilai dari faktor internal seperti status ekonomi dan jumlah anggota keluarga yang ditanggung dan bergantung. Dan faktor eksternal dinilai dari kondisi lingkungan. Kelima Capital dinilai dari bukti fisik usaha yang sedang dijalankan dan juga dapat diukur dari aset yang dimiliki. Faktor penyebab pembiayaan murabahah bermasalah di BMT Harapan Ummat Tulungagung dari faktor eksternal: 1) keperluan biaya pendidikan; 2) kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari; 3) bisnis berjalan tidak lancar; 4) piutang belum dibayarkan; dan 5) memiliki pinjaman di tempat lain. Dan dari faktor internal yaitu pihak BMT tidak menetapkan denda pada pembiayaan bermasalah yang tertulis dalam surat perjanjian yang pada akhirnya nasabah menggampangkan kewajibannya. Tahapan penyelesaian pembiayaan bermasalah di BMT Harapan Ummat Tulungagung. 1) dengan menghubungi nasabah melalui pesan dan telfon; 2) Mendatangi kediaman nasabah baik dengan janjian atau tidak; 3) negosiasi pembayaran angsuran dengan restrukturisasi atau menjual barang akad murabahah untuk menutup sisa kewajiban pembayaran; 4) Menunggu kesadaran nasabah untuk membayar. Tahap terakhir ini terjadi karena nasabah tidak bisa dihubungi dan ditemui. KataKunci: Pembiayaan Bermasalah, Murabahah, BMT.
Praktik Jual Beli Sayuran Sistem Untingan dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah (Studi Kasus Di Pasar Gambar Wonodadi Blitar) Rifai, Mohammad Saiful; Nurwahyuni, Nurwahyuni; Amarodin, Mochamat
Musyarakah: Journal of Sharia Economic (MJSE) Vol 5, No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24269/mjse.v5i1.11675

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe practice of buying and selling vegetables using the "untingan" system refers to a type of transaction where goods are bundled into small groups. The aim of this research is to analyze the Islamic economic perspective regarding the practice conducted at the Gambar Wonodadi Blitar market, where each bundle (per bundle) is not weighed, but only estimated. The approach used is a phenomenological approach with field research employing a descriptive qualitative method. Primary data sources were obtained through direct observation, interviews, and documentation. This primary data was supported by secondary data sourced from books, scientific journals, and other relevant information. The results of the study indicate that the buying and selling practice fulfills the necessary conditions, namely: 1. There are sellers and buyers involved in the transaction; 2. There is an object being traded, in this case, vegetables; 3. The transaction has a good intention and purpose; 4. There is an agreement (Ijab Kabul) between both parties without coercion and without causing harm to either party. The practice is also free from prohibited aspects, including haram li dzatihi (prohibition due to the nature of the object being sold), since vegetables are not haram objects. It is also free from haram li ghoirihi (prohibitions related to other factors besides the object being traded), such as: 1. Tadlis (misrepresentation); 2. Ihtikar (monopoly); 3. Ba’i najasy (manipulation of prices); 4. Riba (usury); 5. Maysir (gambling); and 6. Gharar (excessive uncertainty). In this transaction, the untingan system used falls under the category of gharar qalil (slight uncertainty), which, according to scholars, is permissible as long as the conditions and terms of the transaction are fulfilled. According to the urf (customary practice) principle, this practice is also allowed because it does not violate any rules. In this transaction, the urf principle is met, as: 1. It brings logical benefits; 2. It is common in society or at least among most people; and 3. It does not contradict any established religious texts (nash). In Islamic economics, selling without weighing or estimating (ba’i jizaf) is permitted as long as it meets the following requirements: 1. The object being sold must exist and be visible to both parties; 2. Both parties (the seller and buyer) do not know the exact measurement or weight; 3. The estimation process must be carried out by someone who is skilled or experienced in it; and most importantly, 4. It does not harm either party. Therefore, it can be concluded that the practice of buying and selling using the untingan system at the Gambar Wonodadi Blitar market is a valid transaction according to the Islamic economic perspective. ABSTRAKPraktik jual beli sayuran sistem untingan merupakan jual beli yang memiliki arti diikat kecil-kecil. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tinjauan ekonomi islam terkait praktik yang dilakukan di pasar Gambar Wonodadi Blitar dikarenakan dalam setiap untingan (ikatan) yang dibuat tidak dilakukan penimbangan melainkan hanya dikira-kira. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan fenomenologis dengan jenis penelitian lapangan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber data primer diperoleh dari terjun langsung ke lapangan untuk melakukan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Kemudian data primer didukung oleh data sekunder yang bersumber dari buku, jurnal ilmiah, dan berbagai informasi lain yang memiliki korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik jual beli sudah memenuhi rukun yakni: 1. terdapat penjual dan pembeli yang melakukan transaksi; 2. Terdapat obyek yang ditransaksikan berupa sayuran; 3. Memiliki maksud dan tujuan yang baik; 4. Terdapat kesepakatan ijab Kabul antara kedua belah pihak tanpa paksaan dan tidak merugikan salah satu pihak. Praktik jual beli juga terbebas dari hal-hal yang dilarang yaitu haram li dzatihi atau keharaman dari zat obyek yang dijual, dalam hal ini sayuran bukanlah obyek yang haram. Kemudian juga terbebas dari aspek haram li ghoirihi atau hal-hal yang dilarang diluar dari zat obyek yang ditransaksikan antara lain yaitu: 1. Tadlis; 2. Ihtikar; 3. Ba’I najasy; 4. Riba; 5. Maysir; dan 6. Gharar. Dalam traksaksi ini sistem untingan yang digunakan tergolong ke dalam gharar qalil (kecil) dimana menurut para ulama hal ini diperbolehkan asalkan rukun dan syaratnya terpenuhi. Menurut kaidah urf (adat/ kebiasaan) hal ini juga diperbolehkan dikarenakan tidak melanggar. Pada transaksi ini sudah memenuhi kaidah urf yakni: 1. mengandung kemaslahatan yang logis; 2. berlaku umum pada masyarakat atau minimal di kalangan sebagian besar; dan 3. tidak bertentangan dengan nash. Dalam ekonomi islam sendiri, jual beli tanpa timbang atau taksiran (ba’i jizaf) diperbolehkan asalkan memenuhi syarat yakni obyek yang dijual harus ada wujudnya dan dapat dilihat oleh kedua belah pihak, Kedua belah pihak (penjual dan pembeli) tidak mengetahui secara pasti kadar takarannya, Proses taksiran harus dilakukan oleh orang yang sudah ahli (terbiasa), dan yang paling utama adalah tidak merugikan salah satu pihak. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa praktik jual beli sistem untingan di pasar Gambar Wonodadi Blitar adalah transaksi yang sah menurut perspektif ekonomi islam.Kata Kunci : Jual Beli, Ba’i, Untingan, Ba’i Jizaf, Urf, Ekonomi Islam.
Praktik Jual Beli Sayuran Sistem Untingan dalam Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah (Studi Kasus Di Pasar Gambar Wonodadi Blitar) Rifai, Mohammad Saiful; Nurwahyuni, Nurwahyuni; Amarodin, Mochamat
Musyarakah: Journal of Sharia Economic (MJSE) Vol 5, No 1 (2025): April
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24269/mjse.v5i1.11675

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe practice of buying and selling vegetables using the "untingan" system refers to a type of transaction where goods are bundled into small groups. The aim of this research is to analyze the Islamic economic perspective regarding the practice conducted at the Gambar Wonodadi Blitar market, where each bundle (per bundle) is not weighed, but only estimated. The approach used is a phenomenological approach with field research employing a descriptive qualitative method. Primary data sources were obtained through direct observation, interviews, and documentation. This primary data was supported by secondary data sourced from books, scientific journals, and other relevant information. The results of the study indicate that the buying and selling practice fulfills the necessary conditions, namely: 1. There are sellers and buyers involved in the transaction; 2. There is an object being traded, in this case, vegetables; 3. The transaction has a good intention and purpose; 4. There is an agreement (Ijab Kabul) between both parties without coercion and without causing harm to either party. The practice is also free from prohibited aspects, including haram li dzatihi (prohibition due to the nature of the object being sold), since vegetables are not haram objects. It is also free from haram li ghoirihi (prohibitions related to other factors besides the object being traded), such as: 1. Tadlis (misrepresentation); 2. Ihtikar (monopoly); 3. Ba’i najasy (manipulation of prices); 4. Riba (usury); 5. Maysir (gambling); and 6. Gharar (excessive uncertainty). In this transaction, the untingan system used falls under the category of gharar qalil (slight uncertainty), which, according to scholars, is permissible as long as the conditions and terms of the transaction are fulfilled. According to the urf (customary practice) principle, this practice is also allowed because it does not violate any rules. In this transaction, the urf principle is met, as: 1. It brings logical benefits; 2. It is common in society or at least among most people; and 3. It does not contradict any established religious texts (nash). In Islamic economics, selling without weighing or estimating (ba’i jizaf) is permitted as long as it meets the following requirements: 1. The object being sold must exist and be visible to both parties; 2. Both parties (the seller and buyer) do not know the exact measurement or weight; 3. The estimation process must be carried out by someone who is skilled or experienced in it; and most importantly, 4. It does not harm either party. Therefore, it can be concluded that the practice of buying and selling using the untingan system at the Gambar Wonodadi Blitar market is a valid transaction according to the Islamic economic perspective. ABSTRAKPraktik jual beli sayuran sistem untingan merupakan jual beli yang memiliki arti diikat kecil-kecil. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tinjauan ekonomi islam terkait praktik yang dilakukan di pasar Gambar Wonodadi Blitar dikarenakan dalam setiap untingan (ikatan) yang dibuat tidak dilakukan penimbangan melainkan hanya dikira-kira. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan fenomenologis dengan jenis penelitian lapangan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber data primer diperoleh dari terjun langsung ke lapangan untuk melakukan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Kemudian data primer didukung oleh data sekunder yang bersumber dari buku, jurnal ilmiah, dan berbagai informasi lain yang memiliki korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik jual beli sudah memenuhi rukun yakni: 1. terdapat penjual dan pembeli yang melakukan transaksi; 2. Terdapat obyek yang ditransaksikan berupa sayuran; 3. Memiliki maksud dan tujuan yang baik; 4. Terdapat kesepakatan ijab Kabul antara kedua belah pihak tanpa paksaan dan tidak merugikan salah satu pihak. Praktik jual beli juga terbebas dari hal-hal yang dilarang yaitu haram li dzatihi atau keharaman dari zat obyek yang dijual, dalam hal ini sayuran bukanlah obyek yang haram. Kemudian juga terbebas dari aspek haram li ghoirihi atau hal-hal yang dilarang diluar dari zat obyek yang ditransaksikan antara lain yaitu: 1. Tadlis; 2. Ihtikar; 3. Ba’I najasy; 4. Riba; 5. Maysir; dan 6. Gharar. Dalam traksaksi ini sistem untingan yang digunakan tergolong ke dalam gharar qalil (kecil) dimana menurut para ulama hal ini diperbolehkan asalkan rukun dan syaratnya terpenuhi. Menurut kaidah urf (adat/ kebiasaan) hal ini juga diperbolehkan dikarenakan tidak melanggar. Pada transaksi ini sudah memenuhi kaidah urf yakni: 1. mengandung kemaslahatan yang logis; 2. berlaku umum pada masyarakat atau minimal di kalangan sebagian besar; dan 3. tidak bertentangan dengan nash. Dalam ekonomi islam sendiri, jual beli tanpa timbang atau taksiran (ba’i jizaf) diperbolehkan asalkan memenuhi syarat yakni obyek yang dijual harus ada wujudnya dan dapat dilihat oleh kedua belah pihak, Kedua belah pihak (penjual dan pembeli) tidak mengetahui secara pasti kadar takarannya, Proses taksiran harus dilakukan oleh orang yang sudah ahli (terbiasa), dan yang paling utama adalah tidak merugikan salah satu pihak. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa praktik jual beli sistem untingan di pasar Gambar Wonodadi Blitar adalah transaksi yang sah menurut perspektif ekonomi islam.Kata Kunci : Jual Beli, Ba’i, Untingan, Ba’i Jizaf, Urf, Ekonomi Islam.
The Genealogy of the Taradhin Concept within the Five Pillars of Tepuk Sakinah: An Islamic Family Psychology Perspective Rifai, Mohammad Saiful; Andriani, Lusi; Vidayanti, Vivit; Prasetiya, Benny
AN NUR: Jurnal Studi Islam Vol. 17 No. 02 (2025): An-Nur: Jurnal Studi Islam
Publisher : Institut Ilmu Al-Qur'an (IIQ) An-Nur Yogyakarta Komplek PP An Nur Ngrukem PO BOX 135 Bantul 55702 Yogyakarta Tlp/Fax (0274) 6469012. http://jurnalannur.ac.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37252/annur.v17i02.2049

Abstract

This study aims to trace the genealogy of the taradhin concept within the discourse of the Five Pillars of Tepuk Sakinah promoted by the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs (Kemenag) and to analyze its implications for Islamic family psychology. Taradhin (mutual consent) represents the fifth pillar in Kemenag’s Bimbingan Perkawinan (Pre-Marital Guidance) program, symbolizing balance and acceptance in marital relations. However, the transformation of this concept from classical spirituality to an institutional norm raises critical questions about its function, meaning, and psychological impact on couples’ well-being. This research employs a qualitative approach based on library research and uses Michel Foucault’s genealogical analysis. Data sources include official Kemenag documents, the Bimwin module, Tepuk Sakinah lyrics, and classical as well as modern literature on Fiqh and Positive Psychology. The analysis proceeded in three stages: archaeological mapping, genealogical deconstruction, and substantive interpretation. The findings reveal a shift in the meaning of ridha from a vertical spiritual dimension toward taradhin as a horizontal, institutionalized norm. Kemenag, as an apparatus of power-knowledge, normalizes taradhin through Tepuk Sakinah as a disciplinary technique designed to produce obedient sakinah family subjects. Functionally, mutual taradhin supports marital satisfaction and psychological well-being, yet when imposed repressively, it risks generating “false sakinah” that suppresses autonomy and emotional expression. Taradhin holds positive psychological potential for Islamic families if internalized consciously and equitably rather than as a disciplinary norm. Reformulating the taradhin discourse is essential to emphasize self-ethics, equality, and genuine psychological well-being within marital life.
Kontribusi Relatif Lingkungan Sekolah Islami Dan Peran Teman Sebaya Terhadap Sikap Moderasi Beragama Siswa MI Muhammadiyah 1 Kota Probolinggo Vidayanti, Vivit; Rifai, Mohammad Saiful; Andriani, Lusi
JDP (JURNAL DINAMIKA PENDIDIKAN) Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): JANUARI
Publisher : Educational Research Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64540/35gcxs64

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the relative contribution between the Islamic school environment and the role of peers on students' religious moderation attitudes at MI Muhammadiyah 1 Probolinggo City. Using a quantitative approach with a multiple linear regression design, this study involved all sixth grade students as respondents. The results of the regression test showed that both variables had a significant effect on students' religious moderation attitudes. The Islamic school environment had a B coefficient of 0.510 (p < 0.001) and the role of peers had a B coefficient of 0.240 (p = 0.004). The F test showed that the overall regression model was significant with an F value of 55.657 (p < 0.001), while the R Square value of 0.547 indicated that this model could explain approximately 54.7% of the variation in religious moderation attitudes. These results confirm that the Islamic school environment and the role of peers significantly influence students' religious moderation attitudes. This research provides important insights for educational institutions to create an environment that supports the development of religious moderation attitudes by prioritizing the values ​​of tolerance and inclusivity in every aspect of school life.
Inclusive Education as an Ethical and Humanistic Practice from the Perspective of Islamic Educational Philosophy: A Literature Study in the Context of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Andriani, Lusi; Vidayanti, Vivit; Rifai, Mohammad Saiful; Khoiriyah
JDP (JURNAL DINAMIKA PENDIDIKAN) Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): APRIL (JURNAL DINAMIKA PENDIDIKAN)
Publisher : Educational Research Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64540/rm2k5j64

Abstract

This study aims to reflect on and reconstruct inclusive education as an ethical–humanistic practice from the perspective of Islamic educational philosophy within the context of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah through a systematic literature study. The research employed content analysis of selected primary and secondary sources, including reputable national and international journal articles, classical Islamic educational texts, and relevant educational policy documents. Literature selection was conducted purposively based on relevance, academic credibility, and recency, while data validity was ensured through source triangulation. The findings formulate a conceptual framework termed Tauhidic Inclusion, which integrates three interrelated dimensions: the vertical dimension (tawhid as a spiritual–ontological foundation of human equality), the horizontal dimension (‘adl as a principle of equitable access and educational justice), and the relational dimension (rahmah as the basis of empathetic and humanistic pedagogy). This framework positions inclusive education not merely as a technical accommodation strategy for learner diversity, but as an ethical and humanistic educational paradigm rooted in Islamic values. Theoretically, this study contributes to the discourse of Islamic education by offering an integrative philosophical model of inclusion that bridges Islamic thought and contemporary inclusion theory. Practically, it provides conceptual guidance for the development of inclusive learning practices, curriculum design, and madrasah culture in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. This study is limited by its reliance on literature-based analysis and its focus on the primary level of Islamic education. The originality of this research lies in reconstructing inclusive education through an Islamic philosophical lens, integrating classical Islamic scholarship with modern inclusion theory in a manner rarely explored in Indonesian educational literature