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Journal : Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering, and Technology

Evaluation of Life Cycle Costs for Agarwood Oil Extraction with Microwave and Ultrasonic-Assisted Techniques Saputra, Hendra; Satria, Benni; Nazir, Novizar; Anggraini, Tuty; Salim, Emil
Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024): November 2024
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/aijaset.v4i3.196

Abstract

Agarwood oil extraction is a crucial process in the agarwood industry. However, this extraction is seldom performed by communities due to its lack of profitability and the extensive duration of the process. This study aims to investigate innovative techniques such as ultrasonic and microwave-assisted maceration to enhance the yield of agarwood oil extraction. Additionally, it seeks to calculate the efficiency of time and cost by determining the life cycle cost of agarwood oil extraction. The methodology employed in this study involved conducting extractions using ultrasonic-assisted maceration, microwave-assisted maceration, and a combination of ultrasonic and microwave-assisted maceration. The results indicated that the extraction method yielding the highest output utilized a combination of microwave-assisted maceration for 3 minutes and ultrasonic-assisted maceration for 60 minutes, producing a yield of 0.15%. When extrapolated to 24 hours, this method would yield 18 grams of agarwood oil extract with an additional cost of Rp13,037. In contrast, the solvent maceration process using microwaves yielded 0.096% of agarwood oil at a lower cost of Rp3,190, producing 12 grams of extract over a 24-hour extraction period. the compounds that make up the composition of agarwood oil are 2-((2S,4aR)-4a,8-Dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-octahydro-naphthalen (11.38%), Hydrocinnamic acid (11.13%), Hydrocinnamic acid (11.13%) and (3R,3aR,4aS,5R,9aS)-3,5,8-Trimethyl-3a,4,4a,5,6,7,9,9a-octahydro (10.90%).
Coffee Supply Chain in West Sumatra: A Systematic Literature Review Saputra, Hendra; Yunita, Imelda; Rozalia, Rozalia; Salim, Emil
Andalasian International Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/aijaset.v5i3.242

Abstract

This systematic literature review explores the coffee supply chain in West Sumatra, a region renowned for its strong agricultural heritage and substantial coffee production. The study aims to synthesize previous research and identify key factors influencing the supply chain stages—production, processing, marketing, and distribution. Using a structured methodology based on systematic review protocols, this research integrates findings from various academic sources to provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic. The reviewed literature reveals both challenges and opportunities within the West Sumatran coffee supply chain. Major challenges include post-harvest quality management, limited market access, and low adoption of sustainable practices, all of which affect competitiveness. The findings highlight the importance of effective governance and stakeholder collaboration in improving operational efficiency and market adaptability. Additionally, technological innovation and digital marketing are recognized as crucial in transforming the supply chain, supporting smallholder farmers, and expanding market reach. Overall, this review underscores the complexity and significance of West Sumatra’s coffee supply chain, emphasizing the need for integrated, sustainable, and innovative strategies to strengthen resilience and global competitiveness.