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Literature Review : Development of Monoclonal Antibodies Using The Expression System of Nicotiana benthamiana Anugraheni, Audina Filsa Nur; Nuralyza, Imasayu; Maulira, Dinda Ayu; Ramadhani, Aliza Salsabila; Nugrahani, Baiq Dwiyan; Sunarwidhi, Anggit Listyacahyani
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 2 (2025): April-Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i2.8919

Abstract

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become a key component in modern biotechnology and healthcare, playing essential roles in the treatment of diseases such as cancer, viral and bacterial infections, asthma, and in diagnostic applications. However, conventional mAb production using mammalian cell systems is costly, time-consuming, and presents scalability limitations. To address these challenges, current technological advances have led to the development of alternative platforms using plant-based expression systems. This review aims to explore the potential and progress in producing monoclonal antibodies through the Nicotiana benthamiana plant-based expression system, which offers several advantages including rapid production, cost efficiency, greater production capacity, and reduced risk of contamination. The method employed in this review is a literature study conducted through database searches (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and others) focusing on peer-reviewed articles from 2015 to 2024. The articles were selected and then analyzed thematically was performed to extract relevant data. The results indicate that Nicotiana benthamiana can efficiently produce functional mAbs with glycosylation profiles comparable to mammalian systems. In addition, plant antibodies have also been successfully applied in various therapeutic and diagnostic studies. Further research is needed to ensure the safety and effectiveness of Nicotiana benthamiana plant-based mAb, as well as efforts to develop production scale for wider medical applications.
Literature Review: The Effect of Preparation Methods on the Entrapment Efficiency of Herbal Extract Phytosomes Ramadhani, Aliza Salsabila; Subaidah, Windah Anugrah
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 3 (2025): Juli-September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i3.9495

Abstract

Improving the bioavailability of hydrophilic bioactive compounds in herbal medicines has become a key focus in pharmaceutical research, prompting interest in phytosome formulation strategies. This literature review examines how phytosome preparation methods influence entrapment efficiency (EE) to overcome this limitation. The study employed a literature review methodology, sourcing 13 peer-reviewed articles sourcing (2015–2025) from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct using keywords: phytosome, entrapment efficiency, herbal extract, thin-layer hydration, and antisolvent precipitation. Articles were selected based on inclusion criteria, namely studies discussing phytosome preparation methods, providing entrapment efficiency (EE) data, available in full-text format, published within the last 10 years, and written in either English or Indonesian. Analysis revealed that antisolvent precipitation consistently achieved high EE (>85%), while thin-layer hydration showed variable outcomes (14–99%) dependent on parameter optimization. Critical success factors included extract-phospholipid ratios (1:1–1:5), chemical interactions (hydrogen bonding), and temperature control (<60°C). This study concludes that optimized preparation methods significantly enhance phytosomal EE, recommending strict standardization of process parameters to advance herbal pharmaceutical development.
Urgensi Penegakan Hukum Yang Berkeadilan Dalam Mewujudkan Demokrasi  Berkualitas Melalui Pendidikan Pancasila Tanjaya, Steve Pratama; Ahmad, Dzakiyyah Sulthanah; Ramadhani, Aliza Salsabila; Inggit, Baiq Putri Maharani Bine; Salsabiella, Baiq Rani; Nabila, Baiq Aisya Adinda
Journal of Social and Education Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): Journal of Social and Education
Publisher : Lembaga Riset dan Publikasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.1234/6nar7t23

Abstract

Penegakan hukum yang berkeadilan menjadi pondasi utama dalam mewujudkan demokrasi yang berkualitas di Indonesia. Namun, berbagai tantangan seperti ketimpangan hukum, diskriminasi, dan rendahnya akuntabilitas aparat penegak hukum masih menghambat terwujudnya keadilan substantif bagi seluruh warga negara. Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji urgensi penegakan hukum yang berkeadilan dalam konteks demokrasi serta menganalisis kontribusi pendidikan Pancasila dalam membentuk kesadaran hukum dan demokrasi masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui telaah berbagai sumber ilmiah yang relevan dalam kurun waktu sepuluh tahun terakhir. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa sinergi antara penegakan hukum yang adil, sistem demokrasi yang inklusif, dan pendidikan Pancasila yang berorientasi pada pembentukan karakter berperan strategis dalam menciptakan tatanan hukum yang menjunjung hak asasi manusia dan keadilan sosial. Pendidikan Pancasila dinilai krusial dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan, keadilan, dan tanggung jawab warga negara sejak dini, sehingga mampu membangun budaya demokrasi yang menghargai hukum dan menjadikan hukum sebagai alat kontrol terhadap kekuasaan, bukan alat represi. Dengan demikian, integrasi nilai-nilai Pancasila dalam sistem pendidikan dan penegakan hukum menjadi kunci dalam membangun demokrasi substantif yang berkeadilan dan beradab.