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Genetic and Environmental Influences on Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Multi-Center Study Exploring Gene-Environment Interactions and Biomarkers in Indonesia Vita Amanda; Rashidah Unaib Al-Zayid; Winata Putri; Sonya Syarifah; Tiffany Gabriele; Leonardo Simanjuntak; Cinthya Callathea
Sriwijaya Journal of Neurology Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Sriwijaya Journal of Neurology
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjn.v1i1.30

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with a complex etiology involving genetic and environmental factors. This multi-center study investigated gene-environment interactions and potential biomarkers associated with ASD in the Indonesian population. Methods: Children diagnosed with ASD (n=500) and age-matched typically developing controls (n=500) were recruited across five major Indonesian cities. Whole-exome sequencing targeted genotyping, and environmental risk factor assessments were conducted. Biomarker analyses included cytokine levels, oxidative stress markers, and neurotransmitters. Results: Genetic analysis revealed both rare and common variants associated with ASD risk, including variants in CHD8, SCN2A, NRXN1, and novel genes. Prenatal exposures (maternal medication use, infections), perinatal complications (preterm birth, low birth weight), and postnatal factors (pesticide exposure, air pollution) were associated with increased ASD risk. Children with ASD exhibited elevated inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), increased oxidative stress (higher MDA, lower GSH), and altered neurotransmitter levels (lower serotonin and dopamine) compared to controls. Conclusion: This study provides insights into the interplay of genetic and environmental factors contributing to ASD risk in Indonesia. The identified genetic variants, environmental risk factors, and potential biomarkers may contribute to our understanding of ASD etiology and inform the development of targeted interventions and early detection strategies.

Prognostic Factors for Hearing Recovery Following Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Singapore: A Multivariate Analysis Nazimah Syarif; Vita Amanda; Shina Abdulkadir
Sriwijaya Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Sriwijaya Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjorl.v1i1.34

Introduction: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is an otologic emergency characterized by an unexplained, rapid loss of hearing, usually in one ear. Identifying prognostic factors for hearing recovery is crucial for guiding treatment strategies and patient counseling. This study aimed to determine the prognostic factors associated with hearing recovery in a cohort of SSNHL patients in Singapore. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 150 patients diagnosed with SSNHL at three tertiary referral hospitals in Singapore between January 2019 and December 2022. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics (degree and configuration of hearing loss, presence of vertigo and tinnitus), treatment modalities (corticosteroids, hyperbaric oxygen therapy), and hearing outcomes at 1, 3, and 6 months following diagnosis were collected. Hearing recovery was defined as an improvement of at least 15 dB in pure-tone average (PTA) across frequencies 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of hearing recovery. Results: The mean age of the participants was 47.5 ± 12.8 years. Complete hearing recovery was observed in 48% of patients at 6 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that younger age (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98, p=0.003), absence of vertigo (OR = 3.15, 95% CI: 1.52-6.53, p=0.002), and prompt initiation of corticosteroid therapy (OR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.38-5.97, p=0.005) were independent predictors of favorable hearing recovery. The degree of initial hearing loss and the presence of tinnitus were not significantly associated with hearing outcomes. Conclusion: Younger age, absence of vertigo, and early initiation of corticosteroid therapy are associated with better hearing outcomes in Singapore patients with SSNHL. These findings underscore the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment to maximize the chances of hearing recovery.

Digital Smile Design: Patient Satisfaction and Long-Term Outcomes of a Novel Approach to Esthetic Dentistry in Jakarta, Indonesia Aprilia Sari; Vita Amanda; Daphne Marshall; Fachrudin Sani
Crown: Journal of Dentistry and Health Research Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Crown: Journal of Dentistry and Health Research
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/crown.v1i1.54

Introduction: Digital smile design (DSD) is revolutionizing esthetic dentistry by offering a patient-centric approach to treatment planning and execution. This study aimed to evaluate patient satisfaction and long-term outcomes of DSD in a cohort of patients in Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 75 patients who underwent DSD-guided esthetic treatments between 2020 and 2023 at a private dental clinic in Jakarta. Patient satisfaction was assessed using a validated questionnaire, and long-term outcomes (functionality, stability, and esthetics) were evaluated through clinical examinations and photographic records at 6, 12, and 24 months post-treatment. Results: High levels of patient satisfaction were reported across all treatment aspects, including communication, predictability, and esthetic outcomes. The majority of patients (92%) expressed satisfaction with their smiles' appearance, and 88% reported improved self-confidence. Clinical evaluations demonstrated excellent long-term stability and functionality of the restorations. Minor complications, such as chipping of veneer material, were observed in 5% of patients. Conclusion: DSD significantly enhances patient satisfaction and achieves predictable long-term outcomes in esthetic dentistry. This technology empowers patients to actively participate in their treatment journey, leading to increased satisfaction and improved self-perception.

Developing and Validating a Novel, Culture-Fair Assessment of Fluid Intelligence: A Multimodal Approach Combining Neuroimaging and Behavioral Measures in Indonesia Eva Naritawati; Vita Amanda; Wisnu Wardhana Putra; Moon Kaeun
Sriwijaya Journal of Neurology Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Sriwijaya Journal of Neurology
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjn.v2i2.182

Introduction: Fluid intelligence (Gf) is a critical cognitive ability, but its assessment is often biased by cultural and educational factors. Existing Gf tests developed in Western contexts may not be valid in diverse populations like Indonesia. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel, culture-fair Gf assessment tool (the "Indonesian Fluid Intelligence Scale" - IFIS) for Indonesian adults, utilizing a multimodal approach combining behavioral testing with neuroimaging (fMRI and EEG). Methods: A mixed-methods design was employed. Phase 1 involved the development of the IFIS, drawing on culturally relevant materials and minimizing reliance on language and formal education. Phase 2 involved a cross-sectional study with 300 Indonesian adults (aged 18-45) with varying educational backgrounds and socioeconomic statuses, recruited from urban and rural areas. Participants completed the IFIS, a standardized Gf test (Raven's Progressive Matrices - RPM), and underwent fMRI and EEG recordings during cognitive task performance. Statistical analyses included correlational analyses, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and machine learning techniques to explore the relationship between IFIS scores, RPM scores, and neural activity patterns. Results: The IFIS demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.85) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.88). CFA supported a single-factor structure for the IFIS. IFIS scores correlated significantly with RPM scores (r = 0.68, p < 0.001), but showed weaker correlations with years of education (r = 0.35, p < 0.001) compared to RPM (r = 0.52, p < 0.001). fMRI revealed that higher IFIS scores were associated with increased activation in the frontoparietal network (FPN), particularly the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC), during task performance. EEG analysis showed increased theta and alpha power in frontal and parietal regions during IFIS task performance, correlating with higher scores. Machine learning models, using combined fMRI and EEG data, could predict IFIS scores with high accuracy (AUC = 0.89). Conclusion: The IFIS provides a promising, culture-fair assessment of Gf in Indonesian adults. The multimodal approach, combining behavioral and neuroimaging data, provides strong evidence for the construct validity of the IFIS. The findings highlight the importance of considering cultural context in cognitive assessment and demonstrate the potential of neuroimaging to validate cognitive measures.

The Digital Paradox: A Longitudinal Multi-Level Analysis of Social Media Engagement Intensity and Psychological Distress Trajectories Among Indonesian Adolescents (2022–2025) Vita Amanda; Jason Wilmare; Sonia Vernanda
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 8 No. 5 (2025): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v8i5.309

The rapid digital transformation in Indonesia has positioned social media as a primary socialization agent for adolescents. However, the psychological cost of this connectivity remains poorly understood in the context of long-term exposure. This study examines the longitudinal relationship between social media intensity (SMI) and psychological distress among Indonesian youth. A multi-level longitudinal design was employed, tracking a cohort of 4,500 adolescents aged 12 to 18 across 12 urban and rural provinces in Indonesia from 2022 to 2025. Data were collected bi-annually using the Social Media Intensity Scale (SMIS) and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Multi-level modeling (MLM) was utilized to account for the nested structure of data, specifically observations within individuals nested within provinces. Results indicated a significant U-shaped curvilinear relationship between SMI and psychological distress. While moderate use was associated with lower distress through social capital, high-intensity usage—defined as more than 5 hours daily—predicted a 42% increase in K10 scores (p<0.001). Socio-economic status and urbanicity significantly moderated these effects, with rural youth showing higher vulnerability to digital social comparison. In conclusion, excessive social media connectivity acts as a significant stressor for Indonesian adolescents. Intervention strategies must transition from simple screen-time restriction to nuanced digital resilience training that considers regional socio-economic disparities.

The Digital Paradox: A Longitudinal Multi-Level Analysis of Social Media Engagement Intensity and Psychological Distress Trajectories Among Indonesian Adolescents (2022–2025) Vita Amanda; Jason Wilmare; Sonia Vernanda
Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences Vol. 8 No. 5 (2025): Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/oaijss.v8i5.309

The rapid digital transformation in Indonesia has positioned social media as a primary socialization agent for adolescents. However, the psychological cost of this connectivity remains poorly understood in the context of long-term exposure. This study examines the longitudinal relationship between social media intensity (SMI) and psychological distress among Indonesian youth. A multi-level longitudinal design was employed, tracking a cohort of 4,500 adolescents aged 12 to 18 across 12 urban and rural provinces in Indonesia from 2022 to 2025. Data were collected bi-annually using the Social Media Intensity Scale (SMIS) and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Multi-level modeling (MLM) was utilized to account for the nested structure of data, specifically observations within individuals nested within provinces. Results indicated a significant U-shaped curvilinear relationship between SMI and psychological distress. While moderate use was associated with lower distress through social capital, high-intensity usage—defined as more than 5 hours daily—predicted a 42% increase in K10 scores (p<0.001). Socio-economic status and urbanicity significantly moderated these effects, with rural youth showing higher vulnerability to digital social comparison. In conclusion, excessive social media connectivity acts as a significant stressor for Indonesian adolescents. Intervention strategies must transition from simple screen-time restriction to nuanced digital resilience training that considers regional socio-economic disparities.

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