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Genetic and Environmental Influences on Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Multi-Center Study Exploring Gene-Environment Interactions and Biomarkers in Indonesia Vita Amanda; Rashidah Unaib Al-Zayid; Winata Putri; Sonya Syarifah; Tiffany Gabriele; Leonardo Simanjuntak; Cinthya Callathea
Sriwijaya Journal of Neurology Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Sriwijaya Journal of Neurology
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjn.v1i1.30

Abstract

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with a complex etiology involving genetic and environmental factors. This multi-center study investigated gene-environment interactions and potential biomarkers associated with ASD in the Indonesian population. Methods: Children diagnosed with ASD (n=500) and age-matched typically developing controls (n=500) were recruited across five major Indonesian cities. Whole-exome sequencing targeted genotyping, and environmental risk factor assessments were conducted. Biomarker analyses included cytokine levels, oxidative stress markers, and neurotransmitters. Results: Genetic analysis revealed both rare and common variants associated with ASD risk, including variants in CHD8, SCN2A, NRXN1, and novel genes. Prenatal exposures (maternal medication use, infections), perinatal complications (preterm birth, low birth weight), and postnatal factors (pesticide exposure, air pollution) were associated with increased ASD risk. Children with ASD exhibited elevated inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), increased oxidative stress (higher MDA, lower GSH), and altered neurotransmitter levels (lower serotonin and dopamine) compared to controls. Conclusion: This study provides insights into the interplay of genetic and environmental factors contributing to ASD risk in Indonesia. The identified genetic variants, environmental risk factors, and potential biomarkers may contribute to our understanding of ASD etiology and inform the development of targeted interventions and early detection strategies.
Prognostic Factors for Hearing Recovery Following Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Singapore: A Multivariate Analysis Nazimah Syarif; Vita Amanda; Shina Abdulkadir
Sriwijaya Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Vol. 1 No. 2 (2023): Sriwijaya Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjorl.v1i1.34

Abstract

Introduction: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is an otologic emergency characterized by an unexplained, rapid loss of hearing, usually in one ear. Identifying prognostic factors for hearing recovery is crucial for guiding treatment strategies and patient counseling. This study aimed to determine the prognostic factors associated with hearing recovery in a cohort of SSNHL patients in Singapore. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 150 patients diagnosed with SSNHL at three tertiary referral hospitals in Singapore between January 2019 and December 2022. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics (degree and configuration of hearing loss, presence of vertigo and tinnitus), treatment modalities (corticosteroids, hyperbaric oxygen therapy), and hearing outcomes at 1, 3, and 6 months following diagnosis were collected. Hearing recovery was defined as an improvement of at least 15 dB in pure-tone average (PTA) across frequencies 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of hearing recovery. Results: The mean age of the participants was 47.5 ± 12.8 years. Complete hearing recovery was observed in 48% of patients at 6 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that younger age (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98, p=0.003), absence of vertigo (OR = 3.15, 95% CI: 1.52-6.53, p=0.002), and prompt initiation of corticosteroid therapy (OR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.38-5.97, p=0.005) were independent predictors of favorable hearing recovery. The degree of initial hearing loss and the presence of tinnitus were not significantly associated with hearing outcomes. Conclusion: Younger age, absence of vertigo, and early initiation of corticosteroid therapy are associated with better hearing outcomes in Singapore patients with SSNHL. These findings underscore the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment to maximize the chances of hearing recovery.
Digital Smile Design: Patient Satisfaction and Long-Term Outcomes of a Novel Approach to Esthetic Dentistry in Jakarta, Indonesia Aprilia Sari; Vita Amanda; Daphne Marshall; Fachrudin Sani
Crown: Journal of Dentistry and Health Research Vol. 1 No. 1 (2023): Crown: Journal of Dentistry and Health Research
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/crown.v1i1.54

Abstract

Introduction: Digital smile design (DSD) is revolutionizing esthetic dentistry by offering a patient-centric approach to treatment planning and execution. This study aimed to evaluate patient satisfaction and long-term outcomes of DSD in a cohort of patients in Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 75 patients who underwent DSD-guided esthetic treatments between 2020 and 2023 at a private dental clinic in Jakarta. Patient satisfaction was assessed using a validated questionnaire, and long-term outcomes (functionality, stability, and esthetics) were evaluated through clinical examinations and photographic records at 6, 12, and 24 months post-treatment. Results: High levels of patient satisfaction were reported across all treatment aspects, including communication, predictability, and esthetic outcomes. The majority of patients (92%) expressed satisfaction with their smiles' appearance, and 88% reported improved self-confidence. Clinical evaluations demonstrated excellent long-term stability and functionality of the restorations. Minor complications, such as chipping of veneer material, were observed in 5% of patients. Conclusion: DSD significantly enhances patient satisfaction and achieves predictable long-term outcomes in esthetic dentistry. This technology empowers patients to actively participate in their treatment journey, leading to increased satisfaction and improved self-perception.
Developing and Validating a Novel, Culture-Fair Assessment of Fluid Intelligence: A Multimodal Approach Combining Neuroimaging and Behavioral Measures in Indonesia Eva Naritawati; Vita Amanda; Wisnu Wardhana Putra; Moon Kaeun
Sriwijaya Journal of Neurology Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Sriwijaya Journal of Neurology
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjn.v2i2.182

Abstract

Introduction: Fluid intelligence (Gf) is a critical cognitive ability, but its assessment is often biased by cultural and educational factors. Existing Gf tests developed in Western contexts may not be valid in diverse populations like Indonesia. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel, culture-fair Gf assessment tool (the "Indonesian Fluid Intelligence Scale" - IFIS) for Indonesian adults, utilizing a multimodal approach combining behavioral testing with neuroimaging (fMRI and EEG). Methods: A mixed-methods design was employed. Phase 1 involved the development of the IFIS, drawing on culturally relevant materials and minimizing reliance on language and formal education. Phase 2 involved a cross-sectional study with 300 Indonesian adults (aged 18-45) with varying educational backgrounds and socioeconomic statuses, recruited from urban and rural areas. Participants completed the IFIS, a standardized Gf test (Raven's Progressive Matrices - RPM), and underwent fMRI and EEG recordings during cognitive task performance. Statistical analyses included correlational analyses, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and machine learning techniques to explore the relationship between IFIS scores, RPM scores, and neural activity patterns. Results: The IFIS demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.85) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.88). CFA supported a single-factor structure for the IFIS. IFIS scores correlated significantly with RPM scores (r = 0.68, p < 0.001), but showed weaker correlations with years of education (r = 0.35, p < 0.001) compared to RPM (r = 0.52, p < 0.001). fMRI revealed that higher IFIS scores were associated with increased activation in the frontoparietal network (FPN), particularly the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC), during task performance. EEG analysis showed increased theta and alpha power in frontal and parietal regions during IFIS task performance, correlating with higher scores. Machine learning models, using combined fMRI and EEG data, could predict IFIS scores with high accuracy (AUC = 0.89). Conclusion: The IFIS provides a promising, culture-fair assessment of Gf in Indonesian adults. The multimodal approach, combining behavioral and neuroimaging data, provides strong evidence for the construct validity of the IFIS. The findings highlight the importance of considering cultural context in cognitive assessment and demonstrate the potential of neuroimaging to validate cognitive measures.
Decoding Deception: Advanced fMRI and Machine Learning Techniques for Detecting Malingered Psychiatric Symptoms in Forensic Evaluations in Indonesia Taufiq Indera Jayadi; Taryudi Suharyana; Vita Amanda; Brenda Jaleel
Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Sriwijaya Journal of Forensic and Medicolegal
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/sjfm.v2i2.200

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Introduction: Detecting malingered psychiatric symptoms presents a significant challenge in Indonesian forensic evaluations, potentially impacting justice and resource allocation. Current methods rely heavily on clinical judgment and psychometric testing, lacking objective biomarkers. This study explored the potential of combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with machine learning (ML) to identify neural patterns differentiating malingered from genuine psychiatric symptoms in an Indonesian forensic context. Methods: This case-control study included 90 Indonesian male participants referred for forensic psychiatric evaluation (visum et repertum psychiatricum): 30 diagnosed genuine psychiatric patients (schizophrenia/psychotic depression), 30 individuals identified as malingerers, and 30 healthy controls. Participants underwent clinical assessment, psychometric testing (including symptom validity tests - SVTs), and an fMRI scan using a symptom-endorsement paradigm designed to probe cognitive control and deception-related neural activity. Preprocessed fMRI data were analyzed using group-level GLM and machine learning (Support Vector Machine - SVM; Random Forest - RF) classifiers trained on extracted features (ROI activation, functional connectivity) to distinguish malingerers. Performance was evaluated using k-fold cross-validation. Results: fMRI results indicated significantly greater activation in the malingering group compared to genuine patients and controls in prefrontal (dlPFC, vlPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) regions during feigned symptom endorsement (p<0.001, FWE-corrected). An SVM classifier using combined ROI activation and functional connectivity features achieved the highest accuracy (83%), sensitivity (80%), specificity (86%), and AUC (0.88) in distinguishing malingerers from genuine patients. Conclusion: These findings suggest that integrating fMRI and ML techniques holds promise as an objective, supplementary tool for detecting malingered psychiatric symptoms within Indonesian forensic evaluations. While promising, the moderate accuracy highlights the need for further validation, consideration of ethical implications, and adaptation to the Indonesian context before any potential clinical application.
The Power Imbalance Personified: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Senior-to-Junior Bullying in Indonesia's Medical Residency Programs Alex Putra Pratama; Henry Clifford; Ahmad Erza; Ericca Dominique Perez; Fakhrul Setiobudi; Dedi Affandi; Lestini Wulansari; Fachrudin Sani; Vita Amanda; Zahra Amir
Enigma in Education Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Enigma in Education
Publisher : Enigma Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61996/edu.v3i1.92

Abstract

Bullying within medical residency is a pervasive global issue with severe consequences for residents' mental health and patient safety. In Indonesia, where hierarchical structures in medicine are deeply entrenched, senior-to-junior bullying is a significant yet under-investigated problem. This study aimed to analyse the prevalence, forms, and lived experiences of bullying perpetrated by senior residents against their junior counterparts in Indonesian medical residency programs. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was employed. In the quantitative phase, an anonymous online survey was distributed to 584 junior medical residents across five major teaching hospitals in Indonesia. The survey included the validated Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) and questions on demographics and specialty. In the qualitative phase, 25 junior residents who reported high levels of bullying were purposively selected for in-depth, semi-structured interviews to explore their experiences. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were subjected to reflexive thematic analysis. Quantitatively, 81.3% (n=475) of junior residents reported experiencing at least one bullying behaviour weekly. The most common forms were work-related, such as excessive workloads and meaningless tasks, and personal humiliation. Year of residency was significantly associated with bullying exposure. Qualitatively, four major themes emerged: (1) ‘The Hierarchy as an Unassailable Mandate for Abuse’; (2) ‘The Pedagogy of Fear: Bullying as a Misguided Educational Tool’; (3) ‘Silent Suffering and the Armour of Complicity’; and (4) ‘The Perpetuating Cycle: Victims on a Trajectory to Becoming Perpetrators’. The qualitative findings revealed that bullying was often rationalised by seniors as a necessary part of medical training. In conclusion, senior-to-junior bullying is alarmingly prevalent and deeply embedded in the culture of Indonesian medical residency programs. It is personified through a profound power imbalance, rationalised as an educational necessity, and sustained by a culture of silence. Urgent, multi-level interventions focusing on systemic change, faculty training, and robust confidential reporting systems are imperative to dismantle this destructive cycle.
Cultural Congruence in Mental Health Promotion: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial on Integrating Javanese Local Wisdom (Kearifan Lokal) to Enhance Resilience and Reduce Stigma Susi Diana; Farah Faiza; Amir Serikova; Anita Havyasari; Shasa Indriyani; Vita Amanda
Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Indonesian Community Empowerment Journal
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/icejournal.v5i2.48

Abstract

Mental health disparities persist in rural Indonesia, exacerbated by a lack of culturally appropriate interventions and high levels of stigma. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel psychoeducation program integrated with Javanese local wisdom (kearifan lokal) in improving psychological resilience and reducing mental health-related stigma. We conducted a two-arm, parallel-group, cluster-randomized controlled trial in 12 rural villages (desa) in the province of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Villages were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n=6 villages, 312 participants) or a wait-list control group (n=6 villages, 308 participants). The intervention, "Program Laras Jiwo" (Harmonious Soul Program), was a facilitator-led, 8-session group program co-designed with community members. It integrated standard psychoeducation with Javanese cultural principles such as gotong royong (mutual cooperation), tepo seliro (empathy), and narrative elements from wayang (shadow puppetry). The control group received general health information. Primary outcomes were resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale) and stigma (Depression Stigma Scale). Secondary outcomes included mental health literacy, help-seeking attitudes, and psychological distress. Data were collected at baseline, post-intervention (8 weeks), and 6-month follow-up. Linear mixed-effects models were used for analysis. At the 6-month follow-up, the intervention group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in resilience scores (Mean Difference [MD]: 15.8, 95% CI: 13.2 to 18.4; p < 0.001) and a significantly greater reduction in public stigma scores (MD: -8.5, 95% CI: -10.1 to -6.9; p < 0.001) compared to the control group. Significant positive effects were also observed for all secondary outcomes, including mental health literacy, help-seeking attitudes, and reduced psychological distress (p < 0.001 for all). In conclusion, integrating Javanese kearifan lokal into a community-based psychoeducation program is a highly effective strategy for enhancing psychological resilience and combating mental health stigma. This culturally congruent approach offers a scalable and sustainable model for reducing the mental health treatment gap in rural Indonesia and other similar contexts.
Modulation of the Cognition-Sleep Nexus in Subjective Cognitive Decline: A 12-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of a Standardized Cordyceps militaris Extract Vita Amanda; Daphne Marshall; Zahra Amir; Husin Sastranagara; Danniel Hilman Maulana; Karina Chandra; Fachrudin Sani
Eureka Herba Indonesia Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): Eureka Herba Indonesia
Publisher : HM Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37275/ehi.v6i2.130

Abstract

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and sleep disturbance form a vicious cycle, accelerating neurodegeneration. Cordyceps militaris (CM), a traditional medicinal fungus rich in nucleosides, possesses potent neuroprotective and adenosinergic (sleep-promoting) properties. We investigated the efficacy of a standardized CM extract on this cognition-sleep nexus in adults with SCD. This 12-week, single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial was conducted in Palembang, Indonesia. We randomized 120 adults (aged 45-65) with SCD to receive 300 mg/day of a standardized CM mycelial extract (3% cordycepin) or a matching placebo. The primary outcome was the change from baseline in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Indonesian (MoCA-INA) score. Key secondary outcomes (Bonferroni-corrected) were the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) Delayed Recall, and polysomnography (PSG)-derived Sleep Efficiency (SE). Analyses were performed on the Intention-to-Treat (ITT) population (N=120) using a Linear Mixed-Effects Model (LMM). The LMM analysis revealed a significant group-by-time interaction for the primary outcome, MoCA-INA (Adjusted Mean Difference [AMD]: +1.95 [95% CI: 1.10, 2.80], p < 0.001). The CM group also showed significant improvements in all three key secondary outcomes: PSQI (AMD: -2.90 [95% CI: -3.81, -1.99], p < 0.001), RAVLT Delayed Recall (AMD: +2.15 [95% CI: 1.30, 3.00], p < 0.001), and Sleep Efficiency (AMD: +5.8% [95% CI: 3.1, 8.5], p < 0.001). After FDR correction, significant benefits were also seen for processing speed, %REM sleep, and serum BDNF and hs-CRP. The intervention was well-tolerated. In conclusion, twelve weeks of supplementation with a standardized C. militaris extract significantly improved cognitive function, episodic memory, and both subjective and objective sleep in adults with SCD. These benefits were associated with enhanced neuroplasticity and reduced systemic inflammation, supporting its potential as a multi-target, disease-modifying intervention for this at-risk population.