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Diagnosis and Management of Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) Hakim, Baiq Sheila Okthalia; Rahmawati, Fadila; Yuar, Alana Akmal; Setiasari, Febi Jian; Evana, Nafisya Ayu; Yolanda B.S, Moh Rizky
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10162

Abstract

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumor of the biliary epithelium and represents the second most common primary liver cancer after hepatocellular carcinoma. Its incidence and mortality rates are particularly high in Asia. This review aims to provide an updated overview of risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnostic strategies, and current management of cholangiocarcinoma based on recent scientific evidence from the past decade. A narrative literature review was conducted using publications retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, limited to the last 10 years. Eligible studies included original research, systematic reviews, clinical trials, and international clinical practice guidelines addressing epidemiology, biomarkers, imaging modalities, molecular testing, as well as surgical and non-surgical treatment options. CCA is classified into intrahepatic (iCCA) and extrahepatic (eCCA: perihilar and distal). Risk factors include parasitic infections, congenital biliary anomalies, cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, and toxin exposure. Management depends on resectability: surgical resection with adjuvant capecitabine provides curative benefit, while advanced disease requires systemic chemotherapy (gemcitabine–cisplatin), second-line FOLFOX, and palliative interventions such as biliary stenting and drainage. Early detection in high-risk populations is essential to improve diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes. A multimodal strategy combining biomarkers, imaging, and molecular analysis enhances early recognition and guides therapy. Routine screening programs, development of novel biomarkers, and further studies on targeted therapies and immunotherapy are recommended to broaden future treatment options.
Molecular Biomarkers in Traumatic Brain Injury: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Perspective Setiasari, Febi Jian; Putri, Shaffani Mahasuary; Puspasari, Baiq Sagitta; Ilham, Muhammad Fadani
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10237

Abstract

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) remains a major global health problem due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. TBI can lead to cognitive and emotional impairments, and even increase the risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. This review was compiled by searching literature discussing the role of molecular biomarkers in TBI, both from diagnostic and prognostic perspectives, as well as their therapeutic potential. The article search was conducted via PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using relevant keywords. The findings showed that with the increasing number of TBI cases, the limitations of CT scans and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) in assessing subtle brain damage have spurred interest in molecular biomarkers. Biomarkers such as GFAP, S100B, tau protein, UCH-L1, and NF-L have been shown to detect biological changes not visible on routine imaging. GFAP emerges as the most promising candidate due to its high sensitivity and specificity in assessing injury severity. Thus, molecular biomarkers have the potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, predict prognosis, and support more effective rehabilitation strategies. The conclusion is that TBI is a global health problem with serious long-term impacts. Molecular biomarkers offer a great opportunity to complement conventional diagnostic methods. Although challenges remain in validation, standardization, and clinical application, further research can pave the way for the use of biomarkers as diagnostic and prognostic tools, as well as a basis for more personalized therapy in TBI patients.
Maternal Depression and Its Association with Various Aspects of Early Childhood Development in Indonesia: A Multidimensional Review Josafat, Gantha; Setiasari, Febi Jian
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

One prevalent mood illness in the prenatal period that has a significant impact on the quality of early childhood development is maternal depression. Due to socioeconomic position, a lack of social support, and restricted access to healthcare facilities, this condition in Indonesia develops into a complicated public health concern. This study aims to comprehensively review the association between maternal depression and the cognitive, emotional, social, and physical development of children within the local Indonesian context. This article was composed through a systematic review of nine relevant primary scientific articles. A literature search was conducted on the PubMed, NCBI, Elsevier, and Google Scholar databases using relevant keywords. The review indicates that maternal depression negatively impacts various domains of child development. Cognitively, children of mothers with high-stress levels tend to experience difficulties with focus and concentration. In the socio-emotional domain, these children show difficulties in emotion regulation and tend to withdraw from social interaction. Physically, maternal depression was found to have a positive correlation with an increased risk of stunting in children. This impact is reinforced by contextual factors in Indonesia, such as the scarcity of maternal mental health services, minimal screening, and social stigma that prevents mothers from seeking help. The conclusion is that maternal depression is a serious health issue in Indonesia with multidimensional impacts on child development. Integrated efforts are needed, including routine screening, capacity building for health workers, and culturally sensitive interventions to reduce the burden of maternal depression and prevent its long-term effects on children.
Nail Disorders as Manifestations of Systemic Diseases Ramdhini, Tisya Nasywa; Setiasari, Febi Jian; Salsabila, Adilah Nur; Pramudiantara, Gede Naradhea; Nabila S., Aqilla Nasywa; Ilham, Muhammad Fadani; Josafat, Anom
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10308

Abstract

Nails are often overlooked in clinical examinations, despite their ability to provide important information regarding systemic health conditions. Changes in nail morphology, color, and growth frequently reflect underlying metabolic, hematological, autoimmune, infectious, and neoplastic disorders. This article aims to comprehensively review various nail abnormalities as manifestations of systemic diseases. The method used was a narrative literature review with article searches conducted through PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the keywords nail abnormalities, systemic diseases, nail manifestations, and clinical signs. Articles published between 2015 and 2025 were selected based on relevance, with inclusion criteria consisting of clinical studies, case reports, and reviews discussing the association between nail abnormalities and systemic diseases, while excluding literature that focused solely on local nail disorders without systemic relevance. The results indicate a range of nail abnormalities associated with systemic diseases, including splinter hemorrhage in infective endocarditis and vasculitis, clubbing finger in lung cancer and cyanotic congenital heart disease, subungual hyperkeratosis in psoriasis and onychomycosis, nail bed pallor in chronic anemia, koilonychia in iron deficiency anemia, onychomycosis in diabetes and immunodeficiency, as well as yellow nail syndrome related to lymphatic dysfunction, respiratory disorders, and autoimmune diseases. Other manifestations such as leukonychia, Mees’ lines, Terry’s nails, half-and-half nails, and Beau’s lines were also identified in metabolic disorders, renal disease, and toxin exposure. In conclusion, nail examination can serve as a valuable non-invasive method in detecting systemic diseases. Early identification of nail changes has the potential to assist clinicians in establishing diagnoses, accelerating interventions, and improving the quality of patient management.