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All Journal Jurnal Agrotek Tropika Biofaal Journal International Journal of Cell and Biomedical Science
Nurfatihah Z, Zahara
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology

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Bax/Bcl-2 Ratio as the Golden Marker of Apoptosis: Molecular Mechanisms and Regulatory Pathways Putri, Ghea Farmaning Thias; Nurfatihah Z, Zahara
International Journal of Cell and Biomedical Science Vol 4 No 10 (2025)
Publisher : Stem Cell and Cancer Research (SCCR)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59278/cbs.v4i10.65

Abstract

Apoptosis is an essential biological mechanism responsible for maintaining tissue homeostasis by removing unnecessary or damaged cells. Among the key molecular regulators, the interplay between the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 determines cellular fate. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio has been recognized as the “golden marker” of apoptosis, representing the fine equilibrium between survival and death signaling pathways within cells. This review aims to provide an updated overview of recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks that control the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and its significance as a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker. Relevant studies were systematically identified from PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, focusing on publications from 2020 to 2025. Current evidence suggests that the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio is influenced by transcriptional regulation involving p53, NF-κB, and Akt/PI3K pathways, as well as by post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination that govern mitochondrial membrane permeabilization. Clinically, alterations in this ratio correlate with disease progression, therapeutic response, and prognosis in cancer, neurodegenerative, and renal disorders. Targeting this ratio through modulation of upstream regulators or BH3 mimetics offers promising therapeutic potential. In conclusion, a deeper understanding of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio provides crucial perspectives for advancing diagnostic innovation and developing targeted therapies for apoptosis-related diseases.
AKTIVITAS SPESIFIK XILANASE BAKTERI TERMOFILIK AMOBIL SSA2 DENGAN VARIASI SUMBER KARBON Irdawati, Irdawati; Nurfatihah Z, Zahara; Putri, Dwi Hilda; Advinda, Linda; Yusrizal, Yusrizal
Jurnal Agrotek Tropika Vol. 13 No. 1 (2025): JURNAL AGROTEK TROPIKA VOL 13, FEBRUARI 2025
Publisher : Departement of Agrotechnology, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jat.v13i1.7130

Abstract

Enzim xilanase memiliki potensi besar dalam berbagai industri. Salah satu kegunaannya adalah dalam industri farmasi dan makanan karena kemampuannya mengubah xilan menjadi xilosa, sebuah gula rendah kalori. Selain itu, enzim xilanase juga digunakan dalam industri kertas sebagai agen pemutihan pulp (biobleaching). Xilanase dapat dihasilkan oleh bakteri termofilik dengan menggunakan xilan dari ekstrak jerami padi sebagai substrat. Produksi enzim dipengaruhi oleh nutrisi yang tersedia, seperti sumber karbon. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan sumber karbon terbaik untuk meningkatkan aktivitas spesifik xilanase oleh bakteri termofilik amobil SSA2. Untuk menghitung aktivitas khusus xilanase, dibagi aktivitas xilanase dengan konsentrasi protein. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium departemen biologi FMIPA UNP dari November 2021 hingga Januari 2022 dengan menggunakan metode eksperimen yang mengikuti rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dan melibatkan 5 perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Temuan dari penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa penambahan xilosa sebagai sumber karbon menghasilkan aktivitas khusus enzim xilanase tertinggi sebesar 1,536 Unit/mg. Kata kunci:  Xylanase, Sumber Karbon, Xylosa, Bakteri Termofilik. 
Diagnostic and Prognostic Relevance of Circulating microRNAs across Multiple Cancer Types Putri, Ghea Farmaning Thias; Husna, Firda Asmaul; Widyawati, Dwi; Nurfatihah Z, Zahara
Biofaal Journal Vol 6 No 2 (2025): Biofaal Journal
Publisher : Pattimura University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/biofaal.v6i2pp159-172

Abstract

Cancer represents a global health burden characterized by high morbidity and mortality,underscoring the urgent demand for reliable, non-invasive biomarkers to enhance early detection,prognostication, and therapeutic monitoring. Circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs present in body fluids that have attracted attention as potential biomarkers, because of their stability, ease of detection, and close relationship with tumor biology. This review evaluates the diagnostic and prognostic potential of c-miRNAs and their integration into precision oncology. A systematic search was performed across PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect for publications from 2010 to 2025 that investigated c-miRNAs in human body fluids in relation to diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment response. Twelve studies met the eligibility criteria, encompassing breast, lung, colorectal, and gallbladder cancers. Frequently dysregulated c-miRNAs, particularly miR-21, miR-155, miR-210, and Let-7a, demonstrated consistent associations with tumor detection, patient survival, and disease progression. Analytical platforms ranged from quantitative RT-PCR to advanced biosensor-based technologies, enabling sensitive and rapid quantification. Collectively, the evidence highlights c-miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers capable of complementing conventional clinical tools. Their clinical adoption could reduce reliance on invasive tissue biopsies, support earlier and more accurate diagnosis, assist in tailoring patient-specific treatment strategies, and promote the broader implementation of precision medicine in cancer care.
Co-Authors Dwi Hilda Putri Ghea Farmaning Thias Putri Husna, Firda Asmaul Irdawati Irdawati Linda Advinda Widyawati, Dwi Yusrizal Yusrizal